Team:Tokyo Tech/Policy and Practices

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Latest revision as of 03:59, 18 October 2014

Tokyo_Tech

Policy and Practices

What we have done

Contents
0. Important Questions beyond the Bench 1. Abstract 2. Poster Session Open to the General Public 3. MUSE TALK: Advice from Entrepreneurs 4. Evaluation of Our Educational Tool 5. Interview with the Science Magazine Newton 6. Visit to Elementary School 7. Genetics Society of Japan 8. Our Question About Biosafety

0. Important Questions beyond the Bench

Beyond the bench, our project contains a major question: how to make iGEMers and other students majoring in biology understand economics (see Understanding Economics for more detail). Our approach to this question, which was obtained from interaction with the general public, was development of educational tool for economics using E. coli. We thank this interaction which strongly influenced our scientific-project planning. Evaluation of our educational tool from students majoring in biology clearly showed the usefulness of the tool (Fig 6-1-0-1). We think that our presentation supported with BioBrick parts and modeling can be easily adapted to not only iGEMers, but other students majoring in biology, who are great human resources of innovation.

Fig. 6-1-0-1. Effects of our presentation

Through activities beyond the bench, we also encountered other questions for safety, future, and image of synthetic biology. An example of such question is how we can solve the safety problem for distribution of our educational tool. We consulted the biosafety expert, Mr. Tomoya Saito, who is working for National Institute of Public Health. He gave us a lecture on dual-use technology. After that, we asked him some questions about biosafety (Our questions about biosafety is below).


1. Abstract

We aimed at letting a broad range of people know synthetic biology. The people involved in our activities include elementary students to elderly, as well as people without any scientific background to people who majored in Computer Science. During these activities, we did a poster session and presentation using interactive visuals and understandable texts. We explained our projects, what genetic manipulation is, and what benefits synthetic biology can bring to us. The audience gave us many feedbacks about our projects, and opinions about how they think about synthetic biology. We appreciate all the people involved in our activities.

This year we participated in the following activities: ・Poster Session Open to the General Public ・Interview with the Science Magazine "Newton" ・MUSE TALK: Advice from Entrepreneurs ・Visit to Elementary School ・Genetics Society of Japan

Fig. 6-1-1-1. Phase of our Policy and Practice activity

First, we took part in a poster session held at the school festival of the University of Tokyo. After communicating with the students who majored in business, we realized that we do not know much about economics. iGEMers know a lot about synthetic biology, but what about economics? Can we apply our ideas commercially? How can a student who has never studied economics before start to learn? From these questions, we thought of making an educational tool for economics by using E. coli, which is familiar to iGEMers.
> Jump to Poster Session Open to the General Public

Next, we introduced our Bank E. coli project to businessmen, executives, and technicians engaged in IT company for some professional opinions at MUSE TALK. They pointed out that economic wave should be introduced into our system for more reality. According to their advice, we improved our system to show more authenticity. Also, many people asked questions related to safety. It was because the safety problem must be cleared in order to commercialize our ideas. They all thought it would be a big business chance, if genetically engineered E. coli can be released safely in human and nature. We encountered two questions here: reality and safety.
> Jump to MUSE TALK: Advice from Entrepreneurs

Finally, we sent out questionnaires to the students of Tokyo Institute of Technology to confirm whether our project would help the understanding of economic system. Most of them said that they almost understood the mechanism of how economy works. Additionally, we consulted Mr. Tomoya Saito, an expert in biosafety working for National Institute of Public Health. He gave us a lecture about dual-use technologies and useful advice on biosafety.
> Jump to Evaluation of Our Educational Tool



Understanding Economics


2. Poster Session Open to the General Public

We participated in a poster session held at the University of Tokyo on May 18th. iGEM teams from all over Japan gathered at this event and introduced their project to the visitors. Not only students and professors at the university, but also people without any scientific background came and listened to our projects. After introducing our projects, we asked visitors for feedbacks to make our projects better. Our central purpose in this event was to let people know what iGEM is, and to change the negative thinking about synthetic biology that many people have.	Fig. 6-1-2-1. A team member describing the project to visitors
2-1 The Projects
To introduce our projects to the visitors, we made a poster for each project. Using figures, we tried our best to make it easy for people from any background to understand. Besides posters for our projects, we also made an introduction to iGEM to let more people know about it. The five projects that we introduced at the poster session were: solar battery, treatment for pollen allergy, lie detector, Bank E. coli, and fertilizer.

	Solar Battery
Fig. 6-1-2-2. Bacteria-using Solar Battery Poster	Solar energy is one of the alternative sources of energy widely used in the world. In this project, we made a solar battery by using photosynthetic bacteria and current generating bacteria to generate power. Wherever sunlight shines, electricity can be generated by this solar battery. It was invented and improved in several institutes, but the low efficiency and inconvenient hardware still tend to be a problem. Therefore, we tried to improve the efficiency of the existing bacteria-using solar battery to make it practical.

	Treatment for Pollen Allergy
Fig. 6-1-2-3. Immunotherapy Poster	In Japan, it is said that one in five people suffers from pollen allergy. More than twenty million people suffer from symptoms, and the number is increasing every year. In order to cure this, we thought of using E. coli in immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a recently developed treatment that can completely cure the allergy. You introduce allergen into the body in very small amounts, and by gradually increasing it, you can suppress the body′s hyper-allergic reaction. However, there are several defects in this treatment. You have to go to the hospital for treatment many times, and it takes three to five years for a complete recovery. By using E. coli, we tried to invent a faster and easier immunotherapy.

	Lie Detector
Fig. 6-1-2-4. Lie Detector Poster	In this project, we tried to make a lie detector by using E. coli. By putting Na+ channel in the flagellum motor, E. coli responds to the sodium ion contained in a liar′s sweat and starts running. If the E. coli moves, it comes in contact with lysozyme and the outer membrane dissolves. Then, ATP inside the E. coli is released to react with luciferase, producing a glow.

	Bank E.coli
Fig. 6-1-2-5. Bank E. coli Poster	We thought of making E. coli act as a bank by taking things in and out. We had two scenarios for this theme: • Exchanging things between Bank and Consumer Other than these stories, recreating the bursting of the bubble economy with E. coli was also in the plan.

	Fertilizer
Fig. 6-1-2-6. Fertilizer Poster	Micronutrient fertilizer is very important to the growth of crops. However, more than 70% of the fertilizer goes unused in soil. Phosphorus included in the fertilizer becomes insoluble by binding with metals, such as aluminum and calcium. Since plants cannot absorb these immobilized phosphorus, the phosphorus accumulates in the soil. To solve this problem, we decided to use E. coli to degrade the immobilized phosphorus into phosphoric acid, which plants can absorb. After producing phosphoric acid, E. coli stores it in its body in a polymeric form. By collecting these E. coli and extracting the polymer, we can retrieve the phosphorus left in the soil.

2-2 Results

	Many visitors, especially those lacking a scientific background, reacted negatively to E. coli at first. However, by introducing the properties of E. coli, we were able to change their mind. On the Post-it notes, there were many opinions saying that they were looking forward to new inventions using E. coli. We can say that our goal, which was to inform people know and change their negative thinking about synthetic biology, has been achieved. Click here to see visitors' opinions
Fig. 6-1-2-7. Our members discussing about the project with the visitor. Post-it with comments are stuck on the board

3.Muse Talk: Advice from Entrepreneurs

Fig. 6-1-3-1. Our member speaking at MUSE TALK

On September 1st, we gave a presentation at a workshop called “MUSE TALK”. Managers, executives and technicians working in IT company participated in this event to learn about things outside their specialty. The contents of the presentation are listed below.

• What is iGEM?

• The trend in synthetic biology (The trend in iGEM 2013)

• The project of Team Tokyo_Tech 2013

• The development of technique that supports iGEM

(BioBrick, database related to synthetic biology, MATLAB, etc.)

• Introduction of Team Tokyo_Tech

• What Team Tokyo_Tech 2014 has been doing since the new team was organized

In the presentation, we used many pictures and figures in the slide to make it easier to image synthetic biology, which is a completely new field for them.


Fig. 6-1-3-2. Our members explaining the iGEM database and BioBrick

After the presentation, we were able to get opinions from the audience. Hearing from people working in a different field was a great opportunity for us. Some people gave us ideas of a new product which we never thought of. Also, there were people who asked questions related to safety. All the people with those questions had things in common; they all thought it would be a big business chance if genetically engineered E. coli can be released safely in human and nature.

By listening to our presentation, many audience were impressed with the technology of synthetic biology, and acknowledged it as a research which estimates future prospects. We are planning to present in this workshop again after this year’s Jamboree, so we will be glad if more people from a variety of fields come to attend. In the next presentation, we are planning to introduce the trends in iGEM2014.

Fig. 6-1-3-3. Our members exchanging opinions with the audience

4. Evaluation of Our Educational Tool

Through the activities mentioned above, we found two questions about our project. The first is whether the tool would be really useful for understanding the economic system. The second is how we can solve the safety problem (related to commercialization.)

Our approaches to these problems were questionnaire to students and interview to a biosafety specialist.
First, we sent out questionnaires to the students of Tokyo Tech to confirm whether our project would help the understanding of economic system. The results are here.

Fig. 6-1-4-1.

Fig. 6-1-4-2.

Fig. 6-1-4-3.

Fig. 6-1-4-4.

By looking at the answers in the questionnaire, we were able to have confidence that our project can help people understand economic system better than before. Although we used several scientific details related to synthetic biology, the project was understandable for students without any knowledge of this field. Therefore, we can say that our project, which is making an educational tool for iGEMers is effective and practical for all students majoring science.

From this approach, we were able to see our educational tool’s effect. We can say that this feedback gave many good effects for us.




Others

5. Interview with the Science Magazine Newton

On June 17th, we were interviewed by the graphic science magazine Newton. Newton is one of the most popular science magazines originated in Japan. Despite its scientific focus, easy-to-understand contents and catchy photos are used, so it is read by many people regardless of age and gender. In the article, the history and requirements of iGEM were described, along with what our team has done in preparing for the Jamboree. The article is shown below (Figure 6-1-5-1).



Fig. 6-1-5-1. Picture of the Newton article	Fig. 6-1-5-2. Group photo of our team in the article

Reference
Yasashiku Wakaru Seimei no Kagaku [Easily Understandable Life Science]. (Newton supplement Mook) Tokyo: Newton Press, 2014

6. Visit to Elementary School

Our team members (Paniti, Ayaka, Gyomon, and Miyabi) took part in a catered lecture on September 8th at Ohyamaguchi Elementary School. The aim of this visit was to let elementary schoolchildren know how important DNA and protein are for our human beings, as well as the essence of synthetic biology, which is: combining genes.

6-1 iGEM card game

For this event, we created “iGEM card game” which represents the essence of synthetic biology by combiningcards. This card game has several series of cards. Each series consists of 3 to 5 cards, each card represents the key parts of an iGEM project.

The rule of this game is like poker. When we gather a whole series of cards, we can get points. By gathering them together, the player can understand how the combination of different genetic parts can be used to create living organisms with new and desired function.

Fig. 6-1-6-1. Our group member playing iGEM cards with the students

For example, one series represented Tokyo_Tech 2013’s project, “Mutant Ninja coli”. The aim of this project was to design a story by using a state switching circuit in E. coli to represent the life of ninja: switching between the state of mimicking civilian and battling with samurai. There are three characters, E. ninja, E. Samurai, and E. civilian in this story. This series consists of three parts: “state switching”,”receiving signal molecule from E. Samurai” and ”attacking E. Samurai with Shuriken”. Each of the cards represents one of the three parts (Fig. 6-1-6-2.).

These cards not only represent the nature of synthetic biology, but also has many illustrations. Therefore, the card game became very popular among the students. Some students played the game many times and asked us if they can keep the cards for themselves.


Fig. 6-1-6-2. iGEM CARD GAME

To make sure the students understood the essence of the card game, we also explained the team’s project by using slides (Fig. 6-1-6-3.).

Fig. 6-1-6-3. Slides used for explaining Tokyo_Tech 2013 project

6-2 Questionnaire

After the game, we asked the students to answer a questionnaire. Our survey consisted of the following questions:
Q1. Was the game rule easy to understand? : Easy / Cannot Say / Difficult
Q2. Was the explanation on the card easy to understand? : Easy / Cannot Say / Difficult
Q3. Have you heard of genes and proteins before? : Yes / No
Q4. What kind of image did you have about genes?
Q5. Did you know the word “synthetic biology” before? : Knew very well / A little / Not at all
Q6. Did you become interested in synthetic biology after playing the game? : Yes / No
Q7. What do you want to make by using synthetic biology?
Q8. Free comments about the game

6-3 Result of Analysis

Click here too see the result

6-4 Consideration of Safety

After playing cards with the students, we were able to have a talk with the school principal and vice principal. They appreciated us for creating cards and teaching the students about synthetic biology in a simple and approachable way.

It was their first time to learn about synthetic biology in detail, so the principals were impressed of the possibility of this field. However, they had doubts about the safety using genetically engineered creatures. Since those creatures do not exist in nature, we do not know what will happen when they are released into the wild. If something happens, it might take a long time to get the previous nature back. Many people have this fear of genetic engineering, and this leads to the bad image of synthetic biology. Based on these doubts, we explained to them the scientists’ measurements for safety. When we make a discovery, for example “iPS cells”, we consider if it is okay to use them for human or nature on a long-term basis. Just like inventing a new medicine, we have to test them on animals for more than ten years, and when the safety is secured, we decide to use them on human.

By discussing with the principals, we were able to know the public mind toward synthetic biology. We feel this image is due to the ignorance of this field. If we can get more people informed of the reality of synthetic biology, maybe we can change the general opinion. We will continue interacting with a variety of people so that more and more people can learn about synthetic biology.

7. Genetics Society of Japan

Our team members (Naoto and Riku) attended the 86th Annual Meeting of the Genetics Society of Japan. iGEM team Nagahama hosted this meeting, and 8 teams (HokkaidoU Japan, UT-Tokyo, Tokyo-Tech, TMU-Tokyo, Gifu, Kyoto, and Osaka) attended. There were three events at this meeting.

1) Exchanging opinions with other teams by using team poster
2) Presentation of this year's project
3) Discussion about iGEM JAPAN's future initiatives


Fig. 6-1-7-1. Poster of the 86th Annual Meeting of the Genetics Society of Japan	Fig. 6-1-7-2. Group photo after the presentation

7-1 Discussion about Team Project
Each team did a presentation at the poster session on this year's or previous years' project.


Fig. 6-1-7-3. Our team poster	Fig. 6-1-7-4. Teams of iGEM Japan

Fig. 6-1-7-5. Our member presenting in the meeting

7-2 Discussion about iGEM JAPAN

We discussed about iGEM JAPAN’s future initiative at this meeting. Setting up iGEM JAPAN was committed to making it easier for iGEM teams to communicate with each other. However, the interactions between the iGEM teams have been decreasing recently, and the only event that iGEM teams gather together this year is the meetup held at Tokyo Metropolitan University in August.
We had to seek a solution for this problem. At this meeting in Nagahama, iGEM JAPAN created a Facebook page. Our future plan is to make a website directed toward the outside.



8. Our Question About Biosafety


Through the activities mentioned above, we found one question about our project : how can we can solve the safety problem (related to the commercialization. ) Our approaches to this problem were interview to a biosafety specialist. We consulted the biosafety expert, Mr. Tomoya Saito, who is working for National Institute of Public Health. He gave us a lecture on dual-use technology. After that, we asked him some questions about biosafety. Q1. When we use bacteria that produces harmless substances, does a biosafety or biosecurity problem arise? (Naoto) A1. In that circumstance, it is necessary to find out whether the problem comes from the bacteria or the substances. In other words, the measurement against the problem differs depending on whether the problem is biohazard or chemical hazard. Q2. No matter how hard we try to keep biosafety, there remains a probability that researchers themselves might abuse the technology. How can we prevent that? (Riku) A2. The most important thing is to not provide funding or facility to those people. For example, the researcher who has dubious funding sources or who ordered dangerous series of reagents might be surveyed. Also, the achievements and status as a researcher will be checked if they ordered synthesis of genes. In the U.S, when they have debts or criminal records, their applications will be rejected. The lecture of an expert in biosafety taught us many things we have to pay attention to as a scientist. When we thought about the comment for the first question “it is necessary to find out whether the problem comes from the bacteria or the substances”, we came to the answer that the problem came from the bacteria we use. After this lecture, we gave close attention to the waste liquid treatment. When the waste included E. coli, we made sure it was thrown in the Biohazard waste bag. All the experiments were carried out with more than one person, so that we can check each other’s mistakes. From this approach , we were able to learn about the points scientists need to be aware of. We can say that this feedback gave many good effects for us.

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-				<span class="meta">What we do</span>
+                <span class="meta">What we have done</span>
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-	              <p align="left" class="info-24"><a href="#Introduction">1. Introduction<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/b/b7/Tokyo_Tech_Logo.png/613px-Tokyo_Tech_Logo.png" height="200" /></a></p>
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-	              <p align="left" class="info-24"><a href="#Todai">2. Poster Session at the University of Tokyo<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/4/49/Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session1.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session1.jpg"  height="200" /></a></p>
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-		      <p align="left" class="info-24"><a href="#Interview">3. Interview with the Science Magazine <em>Newton</em><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e9/Tokyo_Tech_Newton.jpg" height="200"/></a></p>
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-		      <p align="left" class="info-24"><a href="#Visit">5. Visit to Elementary School<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/5/5d/Tokyo_Tech_Grouppicturewiththestudents.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Grouppicturewiththestudents.jpg" height="200"/></a></p>
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+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-24"><p class="info-24"><a href="#Important">0. Important Questions beyond the Bench<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/3d/Tokyo_Tech_Effects.jpg" height="120" /></a></p>
+                   <p class="info-24"><a href="#Abstract">1. Abstract<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/71/Tokyo_Tech_Timeline.png" height="200" /></a></p>
+                   <p class="info-24"><a href="#Poster">2. Poster Session Open to the General Public<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/4/49/Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session1.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session1.jpg"  height="200" /></a></p>
+                   <p class="info-24"><a href="#MUSE">3. MUSE TALK: Advice from Entrepreneurs <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/b/b4/Tokyo_Tech_MUSE_TALK.png/769px-Tokyo_Tech_MUSE_TALK.png" height="200"/></a></p>
+                   <p class="info-24"><a href="#Our">4. Evaluation of Our Educational Tool<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/6/6e/Fig._6-1-22.jpg/800px-Fig._6-1-22.jpg" height="200"/></a></p>
+                   <p class="info-24"><a href="#Interview">5. Interview with the Science Magazine Newton<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e9/Tokyo_Tech_Newton.jpg" height="200"/></a></p>
+                   <p class="info-24"><a href="#Visit">6. Visit to Elementary School<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/5/5d/Tokyo_Tech_Grouppicturewiththestudents.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Grouppicturewiththestudents.jpg" height="200"/></a></p>
+                   <p class="info-24"><a href="#Inheritance">7. Genetics Society of Japan<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/2/23/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Group_Photo.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Group_Photo.jpg" height="180"/></a></p>
+                   <p class="info-24"><a href="#Biosafety">8. Our Question About Biosafety<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/b/b7/Tokyo_Tech_Logo.png/613px-Tokyo_Tech_Logo.png" height="250" /></a></a></p>
+                   <p>&nbsp;</p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><h2 class="entry-long"><a name="Important" id="Important"></a></h2></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><div align="center">
+                     <p class="title-small">0. Important Questions beyond the Bench</p>
+                   </div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18">Beyond the bench, our project contains a major question: how to make iGEMers and other students majoring in biology understand economics (see <a href="#Understanding">Understanding Economics</a> for more detail). Our approach to this question, which was obtained from interaction with the general public, was development of educational tool for economics using <i>E. coli</i>.  We thank this interaction which strongly influenced our scientific-project planning. Evaluation of our educational tool from students majoring in biology clearly showed the usefulness of the tool (Fig 6-1-0-1). We think that our presentation supported with BioBrick parts and modeling can be easily adapted to not only iGEMers, but other students majoring in biology, who are great human resources of innovation.</p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p align="center" class="info-18"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Effects.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/3d/Tokyo_Tech_Effects.jpg" width="600" height="237" /></p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-0-1.</strong> Effects of our presentation</div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
-                      <div class="title" style="clear: both;">&nbsp;</div>
+                   <td colspan="2"> <p class="info-18">Through activities beyond the bench, we also encountered other questions for safety, future, and image of synthetic biology. An example of such question is how we can solve the safety problem for distribution of our educational tool.  We consulted the biosafety expert, Mr. Tomoya Saito, who is working for National Institute of Public Health. He gave us a lecture on dual-use technology. After that, we asked him some questions about biosafety (Our questions about biosafety is <a href="#Biosafety">below</a>).</p></td>
-	              <div class="entry-long" style="clear: both;">&nbsp;<a name="Introduction" id="Introduction"></a></div>
+                 </tr>
-	              <div class="title-small" style="clear: both;">
+                 <tr>
-	                <div align="center">1.Introduction</div>
+                   <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
-                  </div>
+                 </tr>
-	              <div class="title" style="clear: both;">
+                 <tr>
-	                <div align="center" class="title"></div>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="entry-long"><p><a name="Abstract" id="Abstract"></a></a></p></td>
-	              </div>
+                 </tr>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="title-small"><div align="center">
+                     <p class="title-small">1. Abstract</p>
+                   </div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p align="left" class="info-18">We aimed at letting a broad range of people know synthetic biology. The people involved in our activities include elementary students to elderly, as well as people without any scientific background to people who majored in Computer Science. During these activities, we did a poster session and presentation using interactive visuals and understandable texts. We explained our projects, what genetic manipulation is, and what benefits synthetic biology can bring to us. The audience gave us many feedbacks about our projects, and opinions about how they think about synthetic biology. We appreciate all the people involved in our activities.<br />
+                   </p>
+                     <div>
+                       <div> </div>
+                   </div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18">This year we participated in the following activities:</p>
+                   <p class="info-18">・Poster Session Open to the General Public</p>
+                   <p class="info-18">・Interview with the Science Magazine &quot;Newton&quot;</p>
+                   <p class="info-18">・MUSE TALK: Advice from Entrepreneurs</p>
+                   <p class="info-18">・Visit to Elementary School</p>
+                   <p class="info-18">・Genetics Society of Japan</p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Timeline.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/71/Tokyo_Tech_Timeline.png" width="514" height="322" /></a></div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-1-1.</strong> Phase of our Policy and Practice activity</div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><p class="info-18">First, we took part in a poster session held at the school festival of the University of Tokyo. After communicating with the students who majored in business, we realized that we do not know much about economics.</p>
+                     <p class="info-18">iGEMers know a lot about synthetic biology, but what about economics? Can we apply our ideas commercially? How can a student who has never studied economics before start to learn? </p>
+                   <p class="info-18">From these questions, we thought of making an educational tool for economics by using <i>E. coli</i>, which is familiar to iGEMers.</p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18"><a href="#Poster">&gt; Jump to  Poster Session Open to the General Public</a></p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18">Next, we introduced our Bank <i>E. coli</i> project to businessmen, executives, and technicians engaged in IT company for some professional opinions at MUSE TALK. </p>
+                     <p class="info-18">They pointed out that economic wave should be introduced into our system for more reality. According to their advice, we improved our system to show more authenticity.</p>
+                     <p class="info-18">Also, many people asked questions related to safety. It was because the safety problem must be cleared in order to commercialize our ideas. They all thought it would be a big business chance, if genetically engineered <i>E. coli</i> can be released safely in human and nature.</p>
+                     <p class="info-18">We encountered two questions here: reality and safety.</p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><a href="#MUSE">&gt; Jump to MUSE TALK: Advice from Entrepreneurs</a></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18">Finally, we sent out questionnaires to the students of Tokyo Institute of Technology to confirm whether our project would help the understanding of economic system. Most of them said that they almost understood the mechanism of how economy works.</p>
+                   <p class="info-18">Additionally, we consulted Mr. Tomoya Saito, an expert in biosafety working for National Institute of Public Health. He gave us a lecture about dual-use technologies and useful advice on biosafety.</p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><a href="#Our">&gt; Jump to Evaluation of Our Educational Tool </a></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="title">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="entry-long"><p><a name="Understanding" id="Understanding"></a></p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="title">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="head"><div align="center"><h2>Understanding Economics<h2></div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="title">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="entry-long"><p><a name="Poster" id="Poster"></a></p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="title-small"><div align="center">
+                     <p class="title-small">2. Poster Session Open to the General Public</p>
+                   </div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td width="464"><div align="left">
+                     <p class="info-18">We participated in a poster session held at the University of Tokyo on May 18th. iGEM teams from all over Japan gathered at this event and introduced their project to the visitors. Not only students and professors at the university, but also people without any scientific background came and listened to our projects. After introducing our projects, we asked visitors for feedbacks to make our projects better. Our central purpose in this event was to let people know what iGEM is, and to change the negative thinking about synthetic biology that many people have. </p>
+                   </div></td>
+                   <td width="426"><p align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session1.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/49/Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session1.jpg" width="400" height="267" /></a></p>
+                   <div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-2-1.</strong> A team member describing the project to visitors</div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><div align="left" class="title-small">
+                     <p class="title-small">2-1 The Projects</p>
+                   </div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18">To introduce our projects to the visitors, we made a poster for each project. Using figures, we tried our best to make it easy for people from any background to understand. Besides posters for our projects, we also made an introduction to iGEM to let more people know about it. </p>
+                   <p class="info-18">The five projects that we introduced at the poster session were: solar battery, treatment for pollen allergy, lie detector, Bank <i>E. coli</i>, and fertilizer. </p></td>
+                 </tr>
+               </table>
+               <table width="900" border="0">
+                 <tbody>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                   <td class="head"><div align="center">Solar Battery</div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td width="310"><p align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Sola.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ea/Tokyo_Tech_Sola.png" width="285" height="379" /></a></p>
+                     <div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-2-2.</strong> Bacteria-using Solar Battery Poster</div></td>
+                     <td width="580" class="info-18"><p class="info-18">Solar energy is one of the alternative sources of energy widely used in the world. In this project, we made a solar battery by using photosynthetic bacteria and current generating bacteria to generate power. Wherever sunlight shines, electricity can be generated by this solar battery. It was invented and improved in several institutes, but the low efficiency and inconvenient hardware still tend to be a problem. Therefore, we tried to improve the efficiency of the existing bacteria-using solar battery to make it practical.</p></td>
+                   </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                   </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                     <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                     <td class="head"><div align="center">Treatment for Pollen Allergy</div></td>
+                  </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td><p align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Pollen.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/71/Tokyo_Tech_Pollen.jpg" width="285" height="378" /></a></p>
+                     <div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-2-3.</strong> Immunotherapy Poster </div></td>
+                     <td class="info-18"><p class="info-18">In Japan, it is said that one in five people suffers from pollen allergy. More than twenty million people suffer from symptoms, and the number is increasing every year. In order to cure this, we thought of using <i>E. coli</i> in immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a recently developed treatment that can completely cure the allergy. You introduce allergen into the body in very small amounts, and by gradually increasing it, you can suppress the body′s hyper-allergic reaction. However, there are several defects in this treatment. You have to go to the hospital for treatment many times, and it takes three to five years for a complete recovery. By using <i>E. coli</i>, we tried to invent a faster and easier immunotherapy.</p></td>
+                   </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                   </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                     <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                     <td class="head"><div align="center">Lie Detector</div></td>
+                  </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td><div align="center">
+                       <p><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Lie.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/a/a9/Tokyo_Tech_Lie.jpg" width="285" height="402" /></a></p>
+                       <div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-2-4. </strong>Lie Detector Poster</div>
+                     </div></td>
+                     <td><p class="info-18">In this project, we tried to make a lie detector by using <i>E. coli</i>. By putting Na+ channel in the flagellum motor, <i>E. coli</i> responds to the sodium ion contained in a liar′s sweat and starts running. If the <i>E. coli</i> moves, it comes in contact with lysozyme and the outer membrane dissolves. Then, ATP inside the <i>E. coli</i> is released to react with luciferase, producing a glow.</p></td>
+                   </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                   </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                     <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                     <td class="head"><div align="center">Bank <em>E.coli</em></div></td>
+                  </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td><p align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Bank.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/be/Tokyo_Tech_Bank.jpg" width="285" height="375" /></a></p>
+                     <div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-2-5.</strong> Bank <i>E. coli</i> Poster</div></td>
+                     <td><p class="info-18">We thought of making <i>E. coli</i> act as a bank by taking things in and out. We had two scenarios for this theme:</p>
+                       <p class="info-18">• Exchanging things between Bank and Consumer</p>
+                     <p class="info-18">Other than these stories, recreating the bursting of the bubble economy with <i>E. coli</i> was also in the plan.</p></td>
+                   </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                   </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                     <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                     <td class="head"><div align="center">Fertilizer</div></td>
+                  </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td><p align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fertilizer.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/43/Tokyo_Tech_Fertilizer.jpg" width="285" height="378" /></a></p>
+                     <div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-2-6.</strong> Fertilizer Poster</div></td>
+                     <td><p class="info-18">Micronutrient fertilizer is very important to the growth of crops. However, more than 70% of the fertilizer goes unused in soil. Phosphorus included in the fertilizer becomes insoluble by binding with metals, such as aluminum and calcium. Since plants cannot absorb these immobilized phosphorus, the phosphorus accumulates in the soil. To solve this problem, we decided to use <i>E. coli</i> to degrade the immobilized phosphorus into phosphoric acid, which plants can absorb. After producing phosphoric acid, <i>E. coli</i> stores it in its body in a polymeric form. By collecting these <i>E. coli</i> and extracting the polymer, we can retrieve the phosphorus left in the soil.</p></td>
+                   </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+                   </tr>
+                   <tr>
+                     <td colspan="2" class="title-small"><p class="title-small">2-2 Results</p></td>
+                   </tr>
+                 </tbody>
+               </table>
+               <table width="900" border="0">
+                 <tr>
+                   <td><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session2.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/6/60/Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session2.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session2.jpg" alt="" width="500" /></a></td>
+                   <td rowspan="3"><p class="info-18">Many visitors, especially those lacking a scientific background, reacted negatively to <i>E. coli</i> at first. However, by introducing the properties of <i>E. coli</i>, we were able to change their mind. On the Post-it notes, there were many opinions saying that they were looking forward to new inventions using <i>E. coli</i>. We can say that our goal, which was to inform people know and change their negative thinking about synthetic biology, has been achieved.<br />
+                     <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Tokyo_Tech/Policy_and_Practices/Poster_Session_at_University_of_Tokyo/Visitors_Opinions"> Click here to see  visitors'  opinions </a></p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td height="8"><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-2-7.</strong> Our members discussing about the project with the visitor.<br />
+                     Post-it with comments are stuck on the board </div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td height="9">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+               </table>
+               <p>&nbsp;</p>
+               <p align="center" class="entry-long"><a name="MUSE" id="MUSE"></a></p>
+               <p align="center" class="title-small">3.Muse Talk: Advice from Entrepreneurs</p>
+               <p align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_MUSE1.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/d/d3/Tokyo_Tech_MUSE1.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_MUSE1.jpg" alt="" width="400" style="margin-top:20px;" /></a></p>
+               <div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-3-1.</strong> Our member speaking at MUSE TALK</div>
+               <p class="info-18">On September 1st,  we gave a presentation at a workshop called “MUSE TALK”. Managers, executives and technicians working in IT company participated in this event to learn about things outside their specialty. The contents of the presentation are listed below.</p>
+               <p class="info-18">    &#8226; What is iGEM?</p>
+               <p class="info-18">    &#8226; The trend in synthetic biology  (The trend in iGEM 2013)</p>
+               <p class="info-18">     &#8226; The project of Team Tokyo_Tech 2013</p>
+               <p class="info-18">     &#8226; The development of technique  that supports iGEM</p>
+               <p class="info-18">      (BioBrick, database related to synthetic biology, MATLAB,  etc.)</p>
+               <p class="info-18">     &#8226; Introduction of Team  Tokyo_Tech</p>
+               <p class="info-18">     &#8226; What Team Tokyo_Tech 2014 has  been doing since the new team was organized </p>
+               <p class="info-18">In the presentation, we used many pictures and figures in the slide to make it easier to image synthetic biology, which is a completely new field for them.</p>
+               <table width="900" border="0">
+                 <tr>
+                   <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_MUSE2.jpg"> <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/d/da/Tokyo_Tech_MUSE2.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_MUSE2.jpg" width="400" style="margin-top:20px;"/></a></div></td>
+                   <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_MUSE3.jpg"> <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/4/43/Tokyo_Tech_MUSE3.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_MUSE3.jpg" width="400" style="margin-top:20px;"/></a></div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-3-2. </strong>Our members explaining the iGEM database and BioBrick</div></td>
+                 </tr>
+               </table>
+               <p class="info-18">After the presentation, we were able to get opinions from the audience. Hearing from people working in a different field was a great opportunity for us. Some people gave us ideas of a new product which we never thought of. Also, there were people who asked questions related to safety. All the people with those questions had things in common; they all thought it would be a big business chance if genetically engineered <i>E. coli</i> can be released safely in human and nature. </p>
+               <p class="info-18">By listening to our presentation, many audience were impressed with the technology of synthetic biology, and acknowledged it as a research which estimates future prospects. We are planning to present in this workshop again after this year’s Jamboree, so we will be glad if more people from a variety of fields come to attend. In the next presentation, we are planning to introduce the trends in iGEM2014.</p>
+               <div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_MUSE4.jpg"> <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/f/f8/Tokyo_Tech_MUSE4.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_MUSE4.jpg" width="400" style="margin-top:20px;"/></a></div>
+               <div align="center"> <strong>Fig. 6-1-3-3. </strong>Our members exchanging opinions with the audience               </div>
+               <div class="title-small" style="clear: both;">
+                 <div align="center"></div>
+               </div>
+               <p class="info-18">&nbsp;</p>
+               <p class="entry-long"><a name="Our" id="Our"></a></p>
+               <p align="center" class="title-small">4. Evaluation of Our Educational Tool </p>
+               <p class="info-18">Through the activities mentioned above, we  found two questions about our project. The first is whether the tool would be  really useful for understanding the economic system. The second is how we can solve  the safety problem (related  to commercialization.)</p>
+               <p class="info-18"> Our approaches to these problems were questionnaire  to students and interview to a biosafety specialist. <br />
+                 First, we sent out questionnaires to the students of Tokyo  Tech to confirm whether  our project would help the understanding of economic system. The results are here.</p>
+               <table width="900" border="0">
+                 <tr>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td><div align="center">
+                     <p><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_7-1.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9e/Tokyo_Tech_7-1.png" alt="" width="500" /></a></p>
+<strong>Fig. 6-1-4-1.</strong>                   </div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td><div align="center">
+                     <p><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_7-2.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/10/Tokyo_Tech_7-2.png" alt="" width="500" /></a></p>
+                     <strong>Fig. 6-1-4-2.</strong></div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td><div align="center">
+                     <p><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_7-3.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/Tokyo_Tech_7-3.png" alt="" width="500" /></a></p>
+                     <strong>Fig. 6-1-4-3.</strong></div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td><div align="center">
+                     <p><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_7-4.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/8c/Tokyo_Tech_7-4.png" alt="" width="500" /></a></p>
+<strong>Fig. 6-1-4-4.</strong></div></td>
+                 </tr>
+               </table>
+               <p class="info-18">By looking at the answers in the questionnaire, we were able to have confidence that our project can help people understand economic system better than before. Although we used several scientific details related to synthetic biology, the project was understandable for students without any knowledge of this field. Therefore, we can say that our project, which is making an educational tool for iGEMers is effective and practical for all students majoring science.</p>
+               <p class="info-18">From this approach, we were able to see our educational tool&rsquo;s effect. We can say that this feedback gave many good effects for us.
+</p>
+                 <table width="900" border="0">
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="title">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="entry-long"><p><a name="Others" id="Others"></a></p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="title">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="head"><div align="center"><h2>Others<h2></div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="title">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="entry-long">&nbsp;<a name="Interview" id="Interview"></a></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 </table>
+               <p align="center" class="title-small">5. Interview with the Science Magazine <em>Newton</em></p>
+               <p class="info-18">On June 17th, we were interviewed by the graphic science magazine <em>Newton</em>. <em>Newton</em> is one of the most popular science magazines originated in Japan. Despite its scientific focus, easy-to-understand contents and catchy photos are used, so it is read by many people regardless of age and gender.
+                 In the article, the history and requirements of iGEM were described, along with what our team has done in preparing for the Jamboree. The article is shown below (Figure 6-1-5-1). </p>
+               <table width="900" border="0">
+                 <tr>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Newton.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e9/Tokyo_Tech_Newton.jpg" alt="" height="300" border="5" /></a></div></td>
+                   <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Newton2.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/d7/Tokyo_Tech_Newton2.jpg" alt="" height="300" border="5" /></a></div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td height="15">    <div align="center">    <strong> Fig. 6-1-5-1. </strong>Picture of the <em>Newton</em> article</div></td>
+                   <td height="15">    <div align="center">    <strong> Fig. 6-1-5-2.</strong> Group photo of our team in the article</div></td>
+                 </tr>
+               </table>
+               <p class="info-18">&nbsp;</p>
+               <p><span class="head">Reference </span><br />
+                 <em>Yasashiku  Wakaru Seimei no Kagaku [Easily Understandable Life Science].</em> (Newton supplement Mook) Tokyo: Newton Press, 2014</p>
+               <p>&nbsp; </p>
+               <p class="entry-long"><a name="Visit" id="Visit"></a></p>
+               <p align="center" class="title-small">6. Visit to Elementary School</p>
+               <p align="left" class="info-18">Our team members (Paniti, Ayaka, Gyomon, and Miyabi) took part in a catered lecture on September 8th at Ohyamaguchi Elementary School. The aim of this visit was to let elementary schoolchildren know how important DNA and protein are for our human beings, as well as the essence of synthetic biology, which is: combining genes.</p>
+               <p align="left" class="title-small">6-1 iGEM card game</p>
+<p align="left" class="info-18">For this event, we created &ldquo;iGEM card game&rdquo; which represents the essence of synthetic biology by combiningcards. This card game has several series of cards. Each series consists of 3 to 5 cards, each card represents the key parts of an iGEM project. </p>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td><p align="left" class="info-18">The rule of this game is like poker. When we gather a whole series of cards, we can get points. By gathering them together, the player can understand how the combination of different genetic parts can be used to create living organisms with new and desired function. </p></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-1.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/4/4b/Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-1.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-1.jpg" width="222" height="167"  /></a></div></td>
+    <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-2.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/4/49/Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-2.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-2.jpg" width="222" height="167" /></a></div></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-6-1. </strong>Our group member playing iGEM cards with the students</div></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="info-18"><p class="info-18">For example, one series represented Tokyo_Tech 2013&rsquo;s project, &ldquo;Mutant Ninja coli&rdquo;. The aim of this project was to design a story by using a state switching circuit in <i>E. coli</i> to represent the life of ninja: switching between the state of mimicking civilian and battling with samurai. There are three characters, E. ninja, E. Samurai, and E. civilian in this story. This series consists of three parts: &ldquo;state switching&rdquo;,&rdquo;receiving signal molecule from E. Samurai&rdquo; and &rdquo;attacking E. Samurai with Shuriken&rdquo;. Each of the cards represents one of the three parts (<strong>Fig. 6-1-6-2.</strong>). </p></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="info-18"><p class="info-18">These cards not only represent the nature of synthetic biology, but also has many illustrations. Therefore, the card game became very popular among the students. Some students played the game many times and asked us if they can keep the cards for themselves. </p></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td><div align="right"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-1.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/cc/Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-1.png" width="125" height="205" /></a></div></td>
+    <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-2.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f6/Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-2.png" width="126" height="205" /></a></div></td>
+    <td><div align="left"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-3.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/80/Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-3.png" width="125" height="205" /></a></div></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="3"><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-6-2.</strong> iGEM CARD GAME</div></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><p class="info-18">To make sure the students understood the essence of the card game, we also explained the team’s project by using slides (<strong>Fig. 6-1-6-3.</strong>).</p></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Fig6-1-16-1.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/95/Fig6-1-16-1.png" width="249" height="173" /></a></div></td>
+    <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Fig6-1-16-2.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/Fig6-1-16-2.png" width="248" height="172" /></a></div></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-6-3.</strong> Slides used for explaining Tokyo_Tech 2013 project </div></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><p align="left" class="title-small">6-2 Questionnaire</p></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td><p class="info-18">After the game, we asked the students to answer a questionnaire. Our survey consisted of the following questions: <br />
+      Q1. Was the game rule easy to understand? : Easy / Cannot Say / Difficult<br />
+      Q2. Was the explanation on the card easy to understand? : Easy / Cannot Say / Difficult<br />
+      Q3. Have you heard of genes and proteins before? : Yes / No<br />
+      Q4. What kind of image did you have about genes?<br />
+      Q5. Did you know the word &ldquo;synthetic biology&rdquo; before? : Knew very well / A little / Not at all<br />
+      Q6. Did you become interested in synthetic biology after playing the game? : Yes / No<br />
+      Q7. What do you want to make by using synthetic biology?<br />
+      Q8. Free comments about the game</p></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td><p align="left" class="title-small">6-3 Result of Analysis</p></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<table width="900" border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <td><p align="left" class="info-18"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Tokyo_Tech/Policy_and_Practices/Visit_to_Elementary_School/Result_of_Analysis">Click here too see the result</a></p></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><p align="left" class="title-small">6-4 Consideration of Safety</p></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><p class="info-18">After playing cards with the students, we were able to have a talk with the school principal and vice principal. They appreciated us for creating cards and teaching the students about synthetic biology in a simple and approachable way. </p>
+      <p class="info-18">It was their first time to learn about synthetic biology in detail, so the principals were impressed of the possibility of this field. However, they had doubts about the safety using genetically engineered creatures. Since those creatures do not exist in nature, we do not know what will happen when they are released into the wild. If something happens, it might take a long time to get the previous nature back. Many people have this fear of genetic engineering, and this leads to the bad image of synthetic biology. Based on these doubts, we explained to them the scientists&rsquo; measurements for safety. When we make a discovery, for example &ldquo;iPS cells&rdquo;, we consider if it is okay to use them for human or nature on a long-term basis. Just like inventing a new medicine, we have to test them on animals for more than ten years, and when the safety is secured, we decide to use them on human. </p>
+      <p class="info-18">By discussing with the principals, we were able to know the public mind toward synthetic biology. We feel this image is due to the ignorance of this field. If we can get more people informed of the reality of synthetic biology, maybe we can change the general opinion. We will continue interacting with a variety of people so that more and more people can learn about synthetic biology. </p></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+               <p class="entry-long"><a name="Inheritance" id="Inheritance"></a></p>
+               <p align="center" class="title-small">7. Genetics Society of Japan</p>
+               <p class="info-18">Our team members (Naoto and Riku) attended the 86th Annual Meeting of the Genetics Society of Japan. iGEM team Nagahama hosted this meeting, and 8 teams (HokkaidoU Japan, UT-Tokyo, Tokyo-Tech, TMU-Tokyo, Gifu, Kyoto, and Osaka) attended. There were three events at this meeting.</p>
+               <table width="900" border="0">
              <tr>
-              <td><p class="info-18">Economics  is basically called the &quot;QUEEN SUBJECT &quot; of all subjects of social  sciences . Economics is one of the most useful of all sciences, because it make  us aware of how thing are exchanged, flourish, and survive within multiple  markets. Not even that , it makes us aware of lots of facts which we know  earlier but have not .<br />
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><div align="left">                       1) Exchanging opinions with other teams by using team poster</div></td>
-              </p></td>
              </tr>
-            <tr>
+                 <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><div align="left">                       2) Presentation of this year's project</div></td>
-            </tr>
+                 </tr>
-            <tr>
+                 <tr>
-              <td><div align="center" class="underName"><em>“Economics places a key role in all aspects of  life and is an important subject worth knowing more about”</em></div></td>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><div align="left">                       3) Discussion about iGEM JAPAN's future initiatives</div></td>
-            </tr>
+                 </tr>
-            <tr>
+                 <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            <tr>
+                 </tr>
-              <td><p class="info-18">How can a student ,who has  never studied economics before, start to learn?
+                 <tr>
-              We  iGEMers know the knowledge of Synthetic Biology a lot , however we don’t know  economics well. So we hope that we could make an educational tool for iGEMers to  learn economics by using our familiar E.colis as their first degree. </p></td>
+                   <td height="315"><div align="center"> <a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Poster.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/2/21/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Poster.jpg/427px-Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Poster.jpg" alt="" height="300" /></a> </div></td>
-            </tr>
+                   <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Group_Photo.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/2/23/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Group_Photo.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Group_Photo.jpg" alt="" width="430" /></a></div></td>
-            <tr>
+                 </tr>
-              <td height="30"><span class="info-18">This  year we participated in the following activities.</span></td>
+                 <tr>
-            </tr>
+                   <td><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-7-1.</strong> Poster of the 86th Annual Meeting of <br />
-            <tr>
+                     the  Genetics Society of Japan</div></td>
-              <td height="40" class="info-18">&#8226;Poster Session at the University of Tokyo</td>
+                   <td><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-7-2.</strong> Group photo after the presentation</div></td>
-            </tr>
+                 </tr>
-            <tr>
+                 <tr>
-              <td height="40" class="info-18">&#8226;Interview with the Science Magazine  &quot;Newton&quot;</td>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
+                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            <tr>
+                 </tr>
-              <td height="40" class="info-18">&#8226;MUSE TALK</td>
+                 <tr>
-            </tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p class="title-small"><u>7-1 Discussion about Team Project</u></p></td>
-            <tr>
+                 </tr>
-              <td height="40" class="info-18">&#8226;
+                 <tr>
-              Visit to Elementary School</td>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18">Each team did a presentation at the poster session on this year's or previous years' project.</td>
-            </tr>
+                 </tr>
-            <tr>
+                 <tr>
-              <td height="40" class="info-18">&#8226;Annual Meeting of the Genetics Society of  Japan</td>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
+                 </tr>
-            <tr>
+                 <tr>
-              <td><p class="info-18">We aimed at letting a broad range of people, from elementary students to  elderly, from people without any scientific background to people who majored in  Computer Science know synthetic biology. During these activities, we did poster  session and presentation using interactive visuals and understandable text to  explain our projects, what genetic manipulation is and what benefits  synthetic biology can bring to us. We received many feedbacks about our  projects and opinions about how they think about synthetic biology. After  reviewing the feedbacks from them, discussing with specialists , we decided our  goal of project: Making an educational tool of economics by using E.colis.</p></td>
+                   <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Team_Poster.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/2/2d/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Team_Poster.jpg/424px-Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Team_Poster.jpg" alt="" height="300" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
+                   <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Japan_Teams.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/1/17/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Japan_Teams.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Japan_Teams.jpg" alt="" width="430" /></a></div></td>
-          </table>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-7-3.</strong> Our team poster</div></td>
+                   <td><div align="center"><strong>Fig. 6-1-7-4.</strong> Teams of iGEM Japan</div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Presen.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Presen.jpg" width="425" height="319" /></div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><div align="center"> <strong>Fig. 6-1-7-5. </strong>Our member presenting in the meeting </div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p class="title-small"><u>7-2 Discussion about iGEM JAPAN</u></p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18">We discussed about iGEM JAPAN’s future initiative at this meeting. Setting up iGEM JAPAN was committed to making it easier for iGEM teams to communicate with each other. However, the interactions between the iGEM teams have been decreasing recently, and the only event that iGEM teams gather together this year is the meetup held at Tokyo Metropolitan University in August.</p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18">We had to seek a solution for this problem. At this meeting in Nagahama, iGEM JAPAN created a Facebook page. Our future plan is to make a website directed toward the outside.</p></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="entry-long">&nbsp;<a name="Biosafety" id="Biosafety"></a></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="title-small"><div align="center">8. Our Question About Biosafety</div></td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                   <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
+                 </tr>
+                 <tr>
+                     <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18">Through the activities mentioned <a href="#Important">above</a>, we found one question about our project : how can we can solve the safety problem (related to the commercialization. )</p>
+                       <p class="info-18">Our approaches to this problem were interview to a biosafety specialist. </p>
+                       <p align="left" class="info-18">We consulted the biosafety expert, Mr. Tomoya Saito, who is working for National Institute of Public Health. He gave us a lecture on dual-use technology. After that, we asked him some questions about biosafety. </p>
+                       <p align="left" class="info-18">&nbsp;</p>
+                       <p class="info-18">Q1. When we use bacteria that produces harmless substances, does a biosafety or biosecurity problem arise? (Naoto)</p>
+                       <p class="info-18">A1. In that circumstance, it is necessary to find out whether the problem comes from the bacteria or the substances. In other words, the measurement against the problem differs depending on whether the problem is biohazard or chemical hazard.</p>
+                       <p class="info-18">&nbsp;</p>
+                       <p class="info-18">Q2. No matter how hard we try to keep biosafety, there remains a probability that researchers themselves might abuse the technology. How can we prevent that? (Riku)</p>
+                       <p class="info-18">A2. The most important thing is to not provide&nbsp; funding or facility to those people. For example, the researcher who has dubious funding sources or who ordered dangerous series of reagents might be surveyed. Also, the achievements and status as a researcher will be checked if they ordered synthesis of genes. In the U.S, when they have debts or criminal records, their applications will be rejected. </p>
+                       <p class="info-18">&nbsp;</p>
+                       <p class="info-18">The lecture of an expert in biosafety taught us many things we have to pay attention to as a scientist. When we thought about the comment for the first question &ldquo;it is necessary to find out whether the problem comes from the bacteria or the substances&rdquo;, we came to the answer that the problem came from the bacteria we use. After this lecture, we gave close attention to the waste liquid treatment. When the waste included E. coli, we made sure it was thrown in the Biohazard waste bag. All the experiments were carried out with more than one person, so that we can check each other&rsquo;s mistakes. <br />
+                       From this approach , we were able to learn about the points scientists need to be aware of. We can say that this feedback gave many good effects for us. </p></td>
+                   </tr>
-                      <div class="title" style="clear: both;">&nbsp;</div>
+               </table>
-	              <div class="entry-long" style="clear: both;"><a name="Todai" id="Todai"></a></div>
+                <p>&nbsp;</p>
-                      <div class="title"> </div>
+                </div>
-	              <div class="title-small" style="clear: both;">
+        </div>
-	                <div align="center">2.Poster Session at the University of Tokyo</div>
-	              </div>
-                      <div class="title"> </div>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18">We participated in a poster  session held at the University of Tokyo on May 18th. iGEM teams from all  over Japan</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td width="491" rowspan="3"><p align="justify" class="info-18" style="text-indent:0px;">gathered at this event and introduced their project to the visitors. Not only students and professors at the university, but also people without any  scientific background came and listened to our projects. After introducing our projects, we asked  visitors  for feedbacks to  make our projects better.  <span class="info-18" style="text-indent:0px;">Our</span> central purpose in this event was to let people know what iGEM is, and change the negative thinking about synthetic biology that many people have. </p>                </td>
-              <td width="399" height="212"><div align="center"> <a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session1.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/4/49/Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session1.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session1.jpg" alt="" width="316" height="205" /></a><br />
-              </div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="19"><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-1. A team member describing the project to visitors</div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <p class="info-18">To introduce our projects to the visitors, we made a poster for each project. Using figures, we tried our best to make it easy for people from any background to understand. Besides posters for our projects, we also made an introduction to iGEM to let more people know about it.  </p>
-          <p class="info-18">The five projects that we introduced at the poster session were: solar battery, treatment for pollen allergy, lie detector, Bank E. coli, and fertilizer. </p>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2"><strong class="head">&#8226; Solar  Battery</strong></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td width="280">&nbsp;</td>
-              <td width="610">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center"><span class="info-18"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Sola.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ea/Tokyo_Tech_Sola.png" alt="" width="244" height="322" /></a></span></div></td>
-              <td><p align="left" class="info-18">Solar energy is one of the alternative sources of energy widely used in the world. In this project, we made a solar battery by using photosynthetic bacteria and current generating bacteria to generate power. Wherever sunlight shines, electricity can be generated by this solar battery. It was invented and improved in several institutes, but the low efficiency and inconvenient hardware still tend to be a problem. Therefore, we tried to improve the efficiency of the existing bacteria-using solar battery to make it practical.</p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-2. Bacteria-using Solar Battery Poster </div></td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2"><strong class="head">&#8226; Treatment for Pollen Allergy </strong></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="27">&nbsp;</td>
-              <td rowspan="4"><p align="left" class="info-18">In Japan, it is said that one in five people suffers from pollen allergy. More than twenty million people suffer from symptoms, and the number is increasing every year. In order to cure this, we thought of using E. coli in immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a recently developed treatment that can completely cure the allergy. You introduce allergen into the body in very small amounts, and by gradually increasing it, you can suppress the body′s hyper-allergic reaction. However, there are several defects in this treatment. You have to go to the hospital for treatment many times, and it takes three to five years for a complete recovery. By using E. coli, we tried to invent a faster and easier immunotherapy.</p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="8"><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Pollen.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/7/71/Tokyo_Tech_Pollen.jpg/450px-Tokyo_Tech_Pollen.jpg" alt="" width="245" height="329" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="8"><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-3. Immunotherapy Poster </div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="9">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2"><strong class="head">&#8226; Lie Detector </strong></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Lie.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/a/a9/Tokyo_Tech_Lie.jpg/424px-Tokyo_Tech_Lie.jpg" alt="" width="245" height="324" /></a></div></td>
-              <td><p class="info-18">In  this project, we tried to make a lie detector by using E. coli. By putting Na+  channel in the flagellum motor, E. coli responds to the sodium ion contained in a liar′s sweat and starts running. If the E. coli moves, it comes in contact with lysozyme and the outer membrane dissolves. Then, ATP inside the E. coli is released to react with luciferase, producing a glow.</p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-4. Lie Detector Poster </div></td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2"><strong class="head">&#8226; Bank E.coli </strong></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Bank.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/b/be/Tokyo_Tech_Bank.jpg/450px-Tokyo_Tech_Bank.jpg" alt="" width="245" height="330" /></a></div></td>
-              <td><p class="info-18">We  thought of making E. coli act as a bank by taking things in and out. We had two scenarios for this  theme: </p>
-                <p class="info-18" style="line-height:normal">&#8226; Exchanging  things between Bank E. coli and Consumer E. coli</p>
-                <p class="info-18" style="line-height:normal">&#8226; Making deposits and withdraws by a group of Bank E. coli</p>
-                <p class="info-18">Other than these stories,  recreating the bursting of the bubble economy with E. coli was also in the  plan.</p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-5. Bank E. coli Poster </div></td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2"><strong class="head">&#8226; Fertilizer </strong></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td rowspan="3"><p class="info-18">Micronutrient fertilizer is very important to the growth of crops. However, more than 70% of the fertilizer goes unused in soil. Phosphorus included in the fertilizer becomes insoluble by binding with metals, such as aluminum and calcium. Since plants cannot absorb these immobilized phosphorus, the phosphorus accumulates in the soil. To solve this problem, we decided to use E. coli to degrade the immobilized phosphorus into phosphoric acid, which plants can absorb. After producing phosphoric acid, E. coli stores it in its body in a polymeric form. By collecting these E. coli and extracting the polymer, we can retrieve the phosphorus left in the soil.</p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fertilizer.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/4/43/Tokyo_Tech_Fertilizer.jpg/450px-Tokyo_Tech_Fertilizer.jpg" alt="" width="245" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="19"><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-6. Fertilizer Poster </div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <p><span class="title-small">Results</span></p>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-             <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18">After introducing  what iGEM is and our projects to the visitors, they gave us many <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Tokyo_Tech/Policy_and_Practices/Poster_Session_at_University_of_Tokyo/Visitors_Opinions">advices and  opinions.</a> We prepared blue and yellow blank Post-it notes, and asked them to write down their opinions. Expressions of agreement or support were written on the yellow Post-it notes, while critical points or suggestions were written on the blue Post-it notes. We reflected the feedback and comments from the visitors to make our projects better (The comments that visitors gave for each project are listed in Table 1). We thank all the visitors for cooperating us in this poster session. </p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td width="508"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session2.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/6/60/Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session2.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Poster_session2.jpg" alt="" width="500" /></a></td>
-              <td width="382" rowspan="3"><p class="info-18">Many  visitors, especially people without any scientific background, had negative  thinking of E. coli at first. However, by introducing the properties of E.  coli, they changed their mind. On the Post-it, there were many opinions saying  that they were looking forward to new inventions using E. coli. We can say that  our goal, which is letting people know and changing the negative  thinking of  synthetic biology, has been achieved.<br />
-              <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Tokyo_Tech/Policy_and_Practices/Poster_Session_at_University_of_Tokyo/Visitors_Opinions"> Click here too see  visitors'  opinions </a></p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="8"><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-7. Our members discussing about the project with the visitor.<br />
-                Post-it with comments are stuck on the board
-</div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="9">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <p class="info-18">&nbsp;</p>
-	              <div class="title-small" style="clear: both;">
-	                <div align="center" class="entry-long"><a name="Interview" id="Interview"></a></div>
-                  </div>
-	              <p align="center" class="title-small">3.Interview with the Science Magazine <em>Newton</em></p>
-                  <p class="info-18">On June 17th, we had an interview on graphic science magazine <em>Newton</em>. <em>Newton</em> is one of  the most popular science magazine born in Japan. Although it is a scientific  book, easy contents<u> </u>and catchy photos are used, so it has been read by  many people regardless of age and sex. <strong> </strong>            In the article, the history and requirements of  iGEM, as well as what our team has done in preparing for the Jamboree were  written. The article is shown below.</p>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td width="502"><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Newton.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e9/Tokyo_Tech_Newton.jpg" alt="" height="300" border="5" /></a></div></td>
-              <td width="388"><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Newton2.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/d7/Tokyo_Tech_Newton2.jpg" alt="" height="300" border="5" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="15">         Fig. 6-1-8. Picture of the <em>Newton</em> article</td>
-              <td height="15">         Fig. 6-1-9. Group photo of our team in the article</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="19">&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <p><span class="head">Reference </span><br />
-              <em>Yasashiku  Wakaru Seimei no Kagaku [Easily Understandable Life Science].</em> (Newton supplement Mook) Tokyo: Newton Press, 2014</p>
-          <p>&nbsp;</p>
-          <div align="center" class="entry-long"><a name="MUSE" id="MUSE"></a></div>
-          <p align="center" class="title-small">4.Muse Talk</p>
-          <p align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_MUSE_TALK.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/b/b4/Tokyo_Tech_MUSE_TALK.png/769px-Tokyo_Tech_MUSE_TALK.png" alt="" width="400" style="margin-top:20px;" /></a></p>
-           <div align="center">Fig. 6-1-10. Our member speaking at MUSE TALK</div>
-          <p class="info-18">On September 1st,  we gave a presentation at a workshop called “MUSE TALK”. Managers, executives and technicians working in IT company participated in this event to learn about things outside their specialty. The contents of the presentation are listed below.</p>
-          <p class="info-18">    &#8226; What is iGEM?</p>
-          <p class="info-18">    &#8226; The trend in synthetic biology  (The trend in iGEM 2013)</p>
-          <p class="info-18">     &#8226; The project of Team Tokyo_Tech 2013</p>
-          <p class="info-18">     &#8226; The development of technique  that supports iGEM</p>
-          <p class="info-18">       (BioBrick, database related to synthetic biology, MATLAB,  etc.)</p>
-          <p class="info-18">     &#8226; Introduction of Team  Tokyo_Tech</p>
-          <p class="info-18">     &#8226; What Team Tokyo_Tech 2014 has  been doing since the new team was organized </p>
-          <p class="info-18">In the presentation, we used many pictures and figures in the slide to make it easier to image synthetic biology, which is a completely new field for them.</p>
-           <div align="center">Fig. 6-1-11. Our members explaining the iGEM database and BioBrick</div>
-　　　　　 <p class="info-18">After the presentation, we were able to get opinions from the audience. Hearing from people working in a different field was a great opportunity for us. Some people gave us ideas of a new product which we never thought of. Also, there were people who asked questions related to safety. All the people with those questions had things in common; they all thought it would be a big business chance if genetically engineered E. coli can be released safely in human and nature. </p>
-           <p class="info-18">By listening to our presentation, many audience were impressed with the technology of synthetic biology, and acknowledged it as a research which estimates future prospects. We are planning to present in this workshop again after this year’s Jamboree, so we will be glad if more people from a variety of fields come to attend. In the next presentation, we are planning to introduce the trends in iGEM2014.</p>
-         <div align="center">Fig. 6-1-12. Our members exchanging opinions with the audience</div>
-          <div class="title" style="clear: both;"></div>
-          <div class="title-small" style="clear: both;">
-            <div align="center"></div>
-          <div class="title-small" style="clear: both;">
- <div class="title"> </div>
- <div class="title"> </div>
-            <div align="center" class="entry-long"><a name="Visit" id="Visit"></a></div>
-          </div>
- <div class="title"> </div>
-          <div align="center" class="title-small">5.Visit to Elementary School</div>
-          </div>
-          <div class="title"> </div>
-          <p align="left" class="info-18">Our team members (Paniti Achararit, Ayaka Murase, Gyomon Ryu, and Miyabi Hishinuma) took part in a catered lecture on September 8th at Ohyamaguchi Elementary School. The aim of this visit was to let children know how important DNA and protein are for our human beings, as well as the essence of synthetic biology, which is: combining genes.</p>
- <div class="title"> </div>
-          <p align="left" class="title-small">iGEM card game</p>
-          <p align="left" class="info-18">For this event, we created &ldquo;iGEM card game&rdquo; which represents the essence of synthetic biology by combiningcards. This card game has several series of cards. Each series consists of 3 to 5 cards, each card represents the key parts of an iGEM project. </p>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Grouppicturewiththestudents.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/5/5d/Tokyo_Tech_Grouppicturewiththestudents.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Grouppicturewiththestudents.jpg" width="600" height="442" align="middle" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><p align="center">Fig. 6-1-13. Group picture with the students </p></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><p align="left" class="info-18">The rule of this game is like poker. When we gather a whole series of cards, we can get points. By gathering them together, the player can understand how the combination of different genetic parts can be used to create living organisms with new and desired function. </p></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-1.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/4/4b/Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-1.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-1.jpg" width="222" height="167"  /></a></div></td>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-2.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/4/49/Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-2.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-14-2.jpg" width="222" height="167" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><p align="center">Fig. 6-1-14. Our group member playing iGEM cards with the students</p></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td class="info-18"><p class="info-18">For example, one series represented Tokyo_Tech 2013&rsquo;s project, &ldquo;Mutant Ninja coli&rdquo;. The aim of this project was to design a story by using a state switching circuit in E. coli to represent the life of ninja: switching between the state of mimicking civilian and battling with samurai. There are three characters, E. ninja, E. Samurai, and E. civilian in this story. This series consists of three parts: &ldquo;state switching&rdquo;,&rdquo;receiving signal molecule from E. Samurai&rdquo; and &rdquo;attacking E. Samurai with Shuriken&rdquo;. Each of the cards represents one of the three parts (<strong>Figure 1</strong>).
-              </p></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="right"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-1.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/cc/Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-1.png" width="125" height="205" /></a></div></td>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-2.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f6/Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-2.png" width="126" height="205" /></a></div></td>
-              <td><div align="left"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-3.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/80/Tokyo_Tech_Fig6-1-15-3.png" width="125" height="205" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="3"><p align="center">Fig. 6-1-15. The card of Tokyo_Tech 2013 project</p></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td class="info-18"><p>These cards not only represent the nature of synthetic biology, but also has many illustrations. Therefore, the card game became very popular among the students. Some students played the game many times and asked us if they can keep the cards for themselves.</p></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Fig6-1-16-1.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/95/Fig6-1-16-1.png" width="249" height="173" /></a></div></td>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Fig6-1-16-2.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/Fig6-1-16-2.png" width="248" height="172" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><p align="center">Fig. 6-1-16. Slides used for explaining Tokyo_Tech 2013 project </p></td>
-            </tr>
- <td><p align="left" class="title-small">Questionnaire</p></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><p class="info-18">After the game, we asked the students to answer a questionnaire. Our survey consisted of the following <span class="info-18">questions:     <br />
-              </span>Q1. Was the game rule easy to understand? : Easy / Cannot Say / Difficult<br />
-                  Q2. Was the explanation on the card easy to understand? : Easy / Cannot Say / Difficult<br />
-                  Q3. Have you heard of genes and proteins before? : Yes / No<br />
-                  Q4. What kind of image did you have about genes?<br />
-                  Q5. Did you know the word &ldquo;synthetic biology&rdquo; before? : Knew very well / A little / Not at all<br />
-                  Q6. Did you become interested in synthetic biology after playing the game? : Yes / No<br />
-                  Q7. What do you want to make by using synthetic biology?<br />
-              Q8. Free comments about the game</p></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><p align="left" class="title-small">Result of Analysis</p></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td><p align="left" class="info-18"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Tokyo_Tech/Policy_and_Practices/Visit_to_Elementary_School/Result_of_Analysis">Click here too see the result</a></p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><p align="left" class="title-small">Consideration of Safety</p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><p class="info-18">After playing cards with the students, we were able to have a talk with the school principal and vice principal. They appreciated us for creating cards and teaching the students about synthetic biology in a simple and approachable way. </p>
-                <p class="info-18">It was their first time to learn about synthetic biology in detail, so the principals were impressed of the possibility of this field. However, they had doubts about the safety using genetically engineered creatures. Since those creatures do not exist in nature, we do not know what will happen when they are released into the wild. If something happens, it might take a long time to get the previous nature back. Many people have this fear of genetic engineering, and this leads to the bad image of synthetic biology. Based on these doubts, we explained to them the scientists&rsquo; measurements for safety. When we make a discovery, for example &ldquo;iPS cells&rdquo;, we consider if it is okay to use them for human or nature on a long-term basis. Just like inventing a new medicine, we have to test them on animals for more than ten years, and when the safety is secured, we decide to use them on human. </p>
-                <p class="info-18">By discussing with the principals, we were able to know the public mind toward synthetic biology. We feel this image is due to the ignorance of this field. If we can get more people informed of the reality of synthetic biology, maybe we can change the general opinion. We will continue interacting with a variety of people so that more and more people can learn about synthetic biology. </p>
-              <p class="info-18">&nbsp;</p><p align="left" class="info-18">&nbsp;</p></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-          <p>&nbsp;</p>
-          <p>&nbsp;</p>
-          <div class="entry-long"><a name="The" id="The"></a></div>
-          <div align="center" class="title-small">6.The Genetics Society of Japan</div>
-          <table width="900" border="0">
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-　　　　　　</div>
-            <tr><p class="info-18">We attended the 86th Annual Meeting of the Genetics Society of Japan. iGEM team Nagahama hosted this meeting, and 8 teams (HokkaidoU Japan, UT-Tokyo, Tokyo-Tech, TMU-Tokyo, Gifu, Kyoto, and Osaka) attended. There were three events at this meeting. </p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><div align="left">                       1) Exchanging opinions with other teams by using team poster</div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><div align="left">                       2) Presentation of this year's project in front of many scholars</div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><div align="left">                       3) Discussion about iGEM JAPAN's future initiatives</div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td width="445">&nbsp;</td>
-              <td width="445">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td height="315"><div align="center">
-                  <a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Poster.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/2/21/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Poster.jpg/427px-Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Poster.jpg" alt="" height="300" /></a>
-              </div></td>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Presen.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/5/56/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Presen.jpg/799px-Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Presen.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="300" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-17. Poster of the 86th Annual Meeting of <br />
-                the  Genetics Society of Japan</div></td>
-              <td><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-18. Our member presenting in front of scholars</div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2"><span class="head">Discussion about the Project</span></td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-              <td>&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18">Each team did a poster session on this year's or previous years' project.</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Team_Poster.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/2/2d/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Team_Poster.jpg/424px-Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Team_Poster.jpg" alt="" height="300" /></a></div></td>
-              <td><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Japan_Teams.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/1/17/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Japan_Teams.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Japan_Teams.jpg" alt="" width="430" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-19. Our team poster</div></td>
-              <td><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-20. Teams of iGEM Japan</div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2"><span class="head">Discussion about iGEM JAPAN</span></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2"><p class="info-18">We discussed about iGEM JAPAN’s future initiative at this meeting. Setting up iGEM JAPAN was committed to making it easier for iGEM teams to communicate with each other. However, the interactions between the iGEM teams have been decreasing recently, and the only event that iGEM teams gather together this year is the meetup held at Tokyo Metropolitan University in August.</p></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18">&nbsp;</td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2" class="info-18"><div align="center"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/File:Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Group_Photo.jpg"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/thumb/2/23/Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Group_Photo.jpg/800px-Tokyo_Tech_Congress_Group_Photo.jpg" alt="" width="430" /></a></div></td>
-            </tr>
-            <tr>
-              <td colspan="2"><div align="center">Fig. 6-1-21. Group photo after presentation</div></td>
-            </tr>
-          </table>
-	      </div>
-	    </div>
 	  </div>
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