Summary

Emergence of complex patterns in nature is a fascinating and widely spread phenomenon, which is not fully understood yet. Mosaicoli aims to investigate emergence of complex patterns from a simple rule by engineering a cellular automaton into E. coli bacteria. This automaton comprises a grid of colonies on a 3D-printed millifluidic chip. Each colony is either in an ON or OFF state and updates its state by integrating signals from its neighbors according to a genetically pre-programmed logic rule. Complex patterns such as Sierpinski triangles are visualized by fluorescence after several steps of row-wise propagation. Sequential logic computation based on quorum sensing is challenged by leakiness and crosstalk present in biological systems. Mosaicoli overcomes these issues by exploiting multichannel orthogonal communication, riboregulators and integrase-based XOR logic gates. Engineering such a reliable system not only enables a better understanding of emergent patterns, but also provides novel building blocks for biological computers.

Background

Our project : Mosaicoli

Principle and Goals

The aim of our project is to engineer an pattern of fluorescence on a grid of E. coli, emergent from the simple logic gates implemented in these bacteria.

Bacterial populations are placed on a grid on a millifluidic chip. Every population is either on an ON or OFF state. ON state means bacteria express GFP, OFF state means bacteria do not express GFP.

Implementation in E. coli

Biological tools: quorum sensing and integrases

Applications

alginate-microencapsulated implantsⁱD. Ausländer et al., A Synthetic Multifunctional Mammalian pH Sensor and CO2 Transgene-Control Device, Molecular Cell, 55, 2014

Multichannel orthogonal communication