Alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhA)

During our literature research about the isobutanol production pathway we found out, that the AdhA from Lactococcus lactis is the best described alcohol dehydrogenase in the literature (Atsumi et al., 2008, Atsumi et al., 2010). For that reason we wanted to increase the production of isobutanol by cloning the adhA gene behind our production pathway. The adhA from L. Lactis was not available as a BioBrick so we designed a new part which contains the coding sequence it (BBa_K1465301). You can read more about our approach in the following sections.

Cloning

For the isolation of the adhA gene from L. lactis we first had to isolate the genomic DNA. Afterwards we amplified the adhA gene with the primer rev_pSB1C3_adhA and fw_adhA_pSB1C3. Via these primer the ahdA gene was combined with the RBS BBa_B0034. Together with the amplified backbone we performed a Gibson Assembly. All verifications proofed that our cloning was successful but our backbone was pSB1K3 and not pSB1C3. For that reason we performed a successful recloning in pSB1C3 and pSB1C3_adhA is our part BBa_K1465301 which is ready for usage.

For the characterization of our BioBrick BBa_K1465301 we needed a promoter for expression and therefore performed a BioBrick Suffix Assembly with pSB1A2_T7 (BBa_I719005 ) and our part. We wanted to have the new created part in pSB1C3 too, so a successful recloning in pSB1C3 was done resulting in pSB1C3_T7_adhA. The new part can now be found as the BioBrick BBa_K1465304.
Additionally we performed a BioBrick Prefix Assembly with the pSB1C3_ptac (BBa_K731500) and our part. The successfully created part pSB1C3_ptac_adhA can now also be found as the BioBrick BBa_K1465305.

Expression

For the protein expression analysis of AdhA we performed a cultivation of Escherichia coli KRX with our inducible construct pSB1A2_T7_adhA. Samples were taken like explained in the cell lysis for a SDS-PAGE Protocol. Protein expression was induced with rhamnose when the culture reached an OD₆₀₀ of 0,8. The first sample was taken right before the induction. Additionally we took samples one, two, three and 20 hours after the induction. With these samples, we made a SDS Page (Figure 1).

Figure 1: SDS page from pSB1A2_T7_adhA.
The mass of the overexpressed protein AdhA is 35,776 Da

You can see that the size of the band at a mass of ~ 38 kD increases the later the sample was taken. There is a conspicuously difference between the size of the bands of the point of induction and 20 hours later. This is an indication for the successful overexpression of the AdhA (35,776 Da).
Analytics via MALDI-TOF identified the band at ~ 38 kD as the alcohol dehydrogenase (adhA) from the organism L. lactis. The analysis was done via tryptic digestion in silico and alignment of the identified peptides with the in silico peptides. Three identical peptides could be found and the sequence coverage (MS) was 13.3 %. The sequence coverage (MS/MS) was 4.0 %. Analyzing a second sample (the band was cut into two pieces), two identical bands were found with a sequence coverage of 8.4 % (MS) and 4.0 % (MS/MS).

These evidences lead to the conclusion that the AdhA was successfully overexpressed in E. coli KRX.

Conclusion

We successfully created three new BioBricks (BBa_K1465301, BBa_K1465304 and BBa_K1465305). We also could demonstrate the successful overexpression of the AdhA from L. lactis in E.coli via SDS Page and following MALDI-TOF.
This part is used in our isobutanol production pathway. A alcohol dehydrogenase is required for the conversion of isobutyraldehyde into isobutanol.

References

• Atsumi S, Hanai T, Liao JC., 2008. Non-fermentative pathways for synthesis of branched-chain higher alcohols as biofuels. In: Nature 451, 86–89.
• Atsumi S, Wu TY, Eckl EM, Hawkins SD, Buelter T, Liao JC. 2010. Engineering the isobutanol biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli by comparison three aldehyde reductase/alcohol dehydrogenase genes. In: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol 85, 651–657