Team:UI-Indonesia/Project/Background

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Latest revision as of 03:03, 18 October 2014

Background

Biofilm is a matrix extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that surrounds microbial colonies and causes more than 65% microbial infections^[17]. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases estimates two million healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), most of which associated with biofilms, happened in the United States annually, approximately 100,000 death^[10].

Bacteria hiding in the biofilm is equipped with high resistance towards antibiotics and victim's immune system, and even protecting them from the stomach acid. Hence, this "armored" bacteria could be very dangerous by worsening the diarrhea, thus an effective treatment and management is needed. A higher dose of antibiotics (works like a cannon) does the trick nicely, but on the other side, a higher dose could increase the possibility of "superbugs" (extreme antibiotic resistance bacteria) and also killing the other bacteria residing in the guts^[5]. So, we proposed another solution to combat these "annoying" armored bacteria.

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 <h2>Background</h2>
-<p>Biofilms are dense packaged microbial cells grow on surface or inert and sorround themselves with secreted polymers. Microbial infection estimated 60-80% of microbial infection in the body. According to National Instutute of Health, more than 65% of all microbial infection caused by biofilms<a href="#"><sup>[1]</sup></a>. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases estimates two million healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), most of which associated with biofilms, happened in the United States annually, approximately 100,000 death<a href="#"><sup>[2]</sup></a>.
+<p>Biofilm is a matrix extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that surrounds microbial colonies and causes more than 65% microbial infections<a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:UI-Indonesia/Log_Book/References"><sup>[17]</sup></a>. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases estimates two million healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), most of which associated with biofilms, happened in the United States annually, approximately 100,000 death<a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:UI-Indonesia/Log_Book/References"><sup>[10]</sup></a>.
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-Bacteria inside the biofilm is equipped with high resistance towards antibiotics and host immune defenses. In fact, the biofilm is immune towards acid so that it can protect the bacteria from stomach acid. When ignored, the existence of this biofilm can cause severe illness and worsen diarrhea, thus we need specific and effective management.  High dose of antibiotic can be an alternative way but  higher dose of antibiotic has been given for case with broad resistant , it is not the right answer to fight biofilm. Excessive dose of antibiotic will increase the probability of resistant bacteria<a href="#"><sup>[3]</sup></a>.</p>
+Bacteria hiding in the biofilm is equipped with high resistance towards antibiotics and victim's immune system, and even protecting them from the stomach acid. Hence, this "armored" bacteria could be very dangerous by worsening the diarrhea, thus an effective treatment and management is needed. A higher dose of antibiotics (works like a cannon) does the trick nicely, but on the other side, a higher dose could increase the possibility of "superbugs" (extreme antibiotic resistance bacteria) and also killing the other bacteria residing in the guts<a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:UI-Indonesia/Log_Book/References"><sup>[5]</sup></a>. So, we proposed another solution to combat these "annoying" armored bacteria.</p>
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-<h2>Overviwe
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