Team:UESTC-China/Project

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  <h1 class="SectionTitles" style="width:1100px;">Overview</h1><br/>
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  <h1 class="SectionTitles" style="width:1100px;">Project overview</h1><br/>
<p style="color:#1b1b1b;">Relevant data shows that air pollutants indoor are five to ten times higher than that outdoor, and the number of indoor air pollutants is up to 500. The indoor air pollutant formaldehyde (HCHO), a major indoor air pollutant, attracts worldwide attention because the exposure to formaldehyde is known to cause irritation, allergic asthma and neurasthenia, as well as to induce carcinogenicity and carcinogenesis (Fig.1) (<i>Tang et al., 2009</i>). The National Cancer Institute (NCI) published a survey report of 25,000 people who are exposed to formaldehyde while working in chemical plants in 2009 showed that the people who are often exposed to formaldehyde are 37% more likely to die from leukemia or lymph cancer. In China, the national standard concentration of indoor formaldehyde was published in 2002 and the concentration should below 0.1mg/m3. However, a survey in China during the period of 2002–2004 revealed that indoor formaldehyde levels in more than 69.4% of all new or newly remodeled houses exceeded the national standard of China (<i>Xu et al., 2011</i>).
<p style="color:#1b1b1b;">Relevant data shows that air pollutants indoor are five to ten times higher than that outdoor, and the number of indoor air pollutants is up to 500. The indoor air pollutant formaldehyde (HCHO), a major indoor air pollutant, attracts worldwide attention because the exposure to formaldehyde is known to cause irritation, allergic asthma and neurasthenia, as well as to induce carcinogenicity and carcinogenesis (Fig.1) (<i>Tang et al., 2009</i>). The National Cancer Institute (NCI) published a survey report of 25,000 people who are exposed to formaldehyde while working in chemical plants in 2009 showed that the people who are often exposed to formaldehyde are 37% more likely to die from leukemia or lymph cancer. In China, the national standard concentration of indoor formaldehyde was published in 2002 and the concentration should below 0.1mg/m3. However, a survey in China during the period of 2002–2004 revealed that indoor formaldehyde levels in more than 69.4% of all new or newly remodeled houses exceeded the national standard of China (<i>Xu et al., 2011</i>).
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<strong>Fig.1</strong> Hazard of formaldehyde.  
<strong>Fig.1</strong> Hazard of formaldehyde.  
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<strong>Fig.2</strong> Schematic diagram of formaldehyde metabolism pathways. A: folate-independent pathway; B: HCHO assimilation pathway
<strong>Fig.2</strong> Schematic diagram of formaldehyde metabolism pathways. A: folate-independent pathway; B: HCHO assimilation pathway
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<strong>Fig.3</strong> Schematic representation of the design strategy of super plant using synthetic biology.
<strong>Fig.3</strong> Schematic representation of the design strategy of super plant using synthetic biology.
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<p style="color:#1b1b1b;">In total, we constructed 11 different vectors, including two backbones, six mono-gene expression vectors and three multi-gene expression vectors. The production of <i>HPS, PHI,</i> and <i>FDH</i> are located in chloroplast, while <i>FALDH</i> is located in cytoplasm. Chloroplast transit peptides were used for the purpose of chloroplast orientation. For comparison, those vectors carrying the genes of <i>HPS, PHI,</i> and <i>FDH</i> without the presence of transit peptide were also constructed. Those genes were inserted into tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disk transformation method. By performing DNA and RT-PCR analysis, we got about 30 positive plants for each vector. The formaldehyde absorbance ability of our super plants was explored by both qualitative and quantitative detection. The results showed that our super plants have remarkable increased abilities of formaldehyde tolerance and can dramatically reduce the concentration of air formaldehyde (Fig. 4). Due to the time limitation, the following investigations are under the way: 1) the effect of individual four key enzymes on the metabolic efficiency of formaldehyde; 2) whether the presence of transit peptides can affect the metabolic efficiency of formaldehyde; 3) the expression of the gene <i>AHA2</i> in tobacco.</p><br/>
<p style="color:#1b1b1b;">In total, we constructed 11 different vectors, including two backbones, six mono-gene expression vectors and three multi-gene expression vectors. The production of <i>HPS, PHI,</i> and <i>FDH</i> are located in chloroplast, while <i>FALDH</i> is located in cytoplasm. Chloroplast transit peptides were used for the purpose of chloroplast orientation. For comparison, those vectors carrying the genes of <i>HPS, PHI,</i> and <i>FDH</i> without the presence of transit peptide were also constructed. Those genes were inserted into tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disk transformation method. By performing DNA and RT-PCR analysis, we got about 30 positive plants for each vector. The formaldehyde absorbance ability of our super plants was explored by both qualitative and quantitative detection. The results showed that our super plants have remarkable increased abilities of formaldehyde tolerance and can dramatically reduce the concentration of air formaldehyde (Fig. 4). Due to the time limitation, the following investigations are under the way: 1) the effect of individual four key enzymes on the metabolic efficiency of formaldehyde; 2) whether the presence of transit peptides can affect the metabolic efficiency of formaldehyde; 3) the expression of the gene <i>AHA2</i> in tobacco.</p><br/>
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<strong>Fig.4</strong> Phenotype testing of transgenic and wildtype plants on formaldehyde exposure. A: Before exposure to HCHO. B: Exposure to 10 μl 37% HCHO for two weeks.
<strong>Fig.4</strong> Phenotype testing of transgenic and wildtype plants on formaldehyde exposure. A: Before exposure to HCHO. B: Exposure to 10 μl 37% HCHO for two weeks.

Latest revision as of 02:54, 18 October 2014

UESTC-China