Team:Paris Bettencourt/Patenting

From 2014.igem.org

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<p class=text2>However, in the past, we have seen commercial products and patenting coming out of ideas started in iGEM, although different methods and biological materials. </p>
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<h6>Lorem ipsum</h6><br>
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<h6>iGEM and Patenting</h6><br>
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<p class=text1>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut imperdiet diam eget quam imperdiet imperdiet. Mauris dapibus risus felis, sed ornare diam accumsan aliquet. Sed eu turpis porta, porttitor tortor et, condimentum augue. Curabitur a maximus nisi. Vivamus vitae magna ex. Donec congue auctor odio vitae tempus. In a gravida neque, et tristique tortor. Phasellus a odio sit amet enim ornare lobortis. Morbi sodales, diam non rutrum aliquam, ligula mauris consectetur urna, sed interdum quam risus sit amet enim. Aenean euismod enim magna, id pretium eros molestie non. Proin rutrum lobortis leo, sit amet congue erat. Nulla congue pellentesque augue porta dignissim. Pellentesque quis ex sollicitudin, condimentum risus varius, aliquet ipsum. Ut pulvinar aliquet maximus. Praesent imperdiet interdum commodo. </p>
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<p class=text1>Started based on the idea of open science, iGEM values the sharing of knowledge through the sharing of research data, lab notebook and constructed part. That being said, participating in iGEM means signing a contract to give up the possibility of patenting anything coming directly out of iGEM competition. </p>
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<p class=text1>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam bibendum purus eu neque finibus, eget pellentesque sapien viverra. Vestibulum ultrices posuere tempor. Maecenas ultrices sodales magna ac placerat. Sed a ex dignissim, ornare metus non, malesuada arcu. Etiam ullamcorper odio leo, at molestie eros sollicitudin in. Morbi aliquam scelerisque facilisis. Aenean tincidunt aliquam erat, quis ullamcorper nulla accumsan ac. Proin interdum nibh quam, in lacinia ipsum dignissim at. Nunc elementum lacus sed purus pharetra tincidunt. Sed ac velit vel turpis pulvinar accumsan ut in mauris. Praesent ac dapibus dui. Nullam finibus turpis et turpis sagittis congue. </p>
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<p class=text2>Second, in the process, as a team, we have talked about and thought about continuing the project with more advanced methods and different bacterial strains and turning it into a commercial product. With this discussion, came the question of legal status. The research on patenting keeps the entrepreneur motivation open.  </p>
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<h6>Part: BBa</h6><br>
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<h6>Why are we talking about patenting?</h6><br>
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<p class=text1>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed sit amet laoreet metus, ac viverra dolor. Sed et orci imperdiet sem vulputate ultricies. Aliquam erat volutpat. Cras semper ex non odio aliquet, eget feugiat eros tempor. Integer hendrerit odio et bibendum maximus. Duis scelerisque lacus in odio faucibus fringilla. Nulla eleifend aliquet molestie. Morbi aliquam rhoncus efficitur. Proin consectetur augue aliquam risus convallis egestas. Nunc viverra felis non nibh consequat, nec faucibus ipsum rutrum. Proin placerat faucibus libero vitae dapibus. </p>
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<p class=text1>Since we are not supposed to patent anything coming out of this current stage of the project, why are we talking about patenting here? There are mainly two reasons. </p>
 +
<p class=text1>First of all, ever since its establishment, biotechnology keeps posting questions to current patenting system. Just last year, we saw the federal court case of patentability of biological constructs. As synthetic biologists, we are curious about both the system and the underlined ethical discussion and wish to learn more about them using this iGEM project as a gateway. </p>
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<div id=part3><br><br>
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<p class=text2>To what extent do patent owners hold the right of limiting the use of the product? Should the derivative of a patented biological part be protected under the same patent ? Although those questions lead us to meaningful conversations and debates, we didn’t find much specific or useful information for our project. As hesitating as we were about how to go with it, we narrowed down the searching scope again to patenting related to bacteria, especially in cosmetics. Questions include “what kind of strain or gene can be patented”, “what is the premarket regulation”, “how long would it take”, and etc. </p>
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<h6>Part: BBa</h6><br>
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<h6>Questions we asked</h6><br>
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<p class=text1>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam eu justo a dolor efficitur laoreet ut at lorem. Fusce dapibus lobortis nisi vehicula porttitor. In volutpat mauris et aliquam pellentesque. Vestibulum fringilla lacus metus, ac ullamcorper lectus sagittis sed. Suspendisse congue magna sed risus molestie aliquam. Sed placerat sagittis volutpat. Phasellus id erat neque. Quisque bibendum iaculis ante et feugiat. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Fusce placerat lorem vel felis tincidunt, in elementum odio condimentum. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Donec tincidunt bibendum lacus non viverra. Nulla mattis, ante vitae faucibus auctor, mi purus consequat dolor, non malesuada nulla lorem ac odio. </p>
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<p class=text1>Any kind of study related to genetically modified organism would not be easy, especially when people who are curious about perspective of bioethics conduct it. The research actually started as a research on GMO regulation and comparison of the US and European system. However, we were soon overwhelmed by the amount of information and the research was constantly slowed down by our daily debates about the culture behind different attitudes toward GMOs in different countries and how the future policy should be. Therefore, we cut down it to only questions about the patent system: is patenting encouraging science development or hindering it? </p>
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<div id=part4><br><br>
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<p class=text2>Nevertheless, while trying to talk to business owner, we did realize the reluctance of sharing too much information about, for example, their cream formula.</br> </br> In our project, we use mostly <i>Corynebacterium</i> to study human body odor. Majority of <i>Corynebacterium</i> strains are patentable since they have been used for industrial application in the past, although regulation can differ for specific strains. As a matter of fact, there is an existing patent on isolated agaA gene and the formula of cream for growing of <i>Corynebacterium</i> bacteria. If we keep working on the same gene, we would only be able to patent our method of isolation and a new formula for method of nurturing. One interesting point about cosmetic product in the US is that there is not required premarket approval, meaning heavy regulation of safety usually happens after certain safety issue has occurred. </br> </br> A patent of cosmetic product, if submitted directly as an European application under fast track, it will take about three years to be approved, while an international application use takes around 5 years.  </p>
 +
<h6>Conclusion we drew </h6><br>
 +
<p class=text1>First of all, it is beyond argument that the start of patent was one of the most beneficial things to the development of science. The sense of ownership encouraged millions of researchers to create. It also established the link between business and research, which then initiated the growth of engineering and brought technologies into daily life. However, as science develops and the link between business and research gets stronger and stronger, patenting, especially in a new and fast-developing field like synthetic biology, becomes the hinder of effective problem solving in labs. We think the system of open science should be the dominant system in lab. At the same time, patenting in business encourages small-scale projects and attracts capital into biotechnology fields and is essential for the industrial development. On the other hand, since biological technology is linked, often, to human beings’ basic rights of surviving, the time length, application limit on the patent should be regulated in a way so that development of biotechnology in a certain country wouldn’t cause more inequality, especially in basic human rights, in the world.  </p></br>
 +
<p class=text1>Fortunately, synthetic biologists are mostly open with their study and happy to share resources. We have definitely taken advantage of the openness in building our project. </p><br><br><br><br></div>
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Latest revision as of 12:46, 15 October 2014

However, in the past, we have seen commercial products and patenting coming out of ideas started in iGEM, although different methods and biological materials.

iGEM and Patenting

Started based on the idea of open science, iGEM values the sharing of knowledge through the sharing of research data, lab notebook and constructed part. That being said, participating in iGEM means signing a contract to give up the possibility of patenting anything coming directly out of iGEM competition.



Second, in the process, as a team, we have talked about and thought about continuing the project with more advanced methods and different bacterial strains and turning it into a commercial product. With this discussion, came the question of legal status. The research on patenting keeps the entrepreneur motivation open.

Why are we talking about patenting?

Since we are not supposed to patent anything coming out of this current stage of the project, why are we talking about patenting here? There are mainly two reasons.

First of all, ever since its establishment, biotechnology keeps posting questions to current patenting system. Just last year, we saw the federal court case of patentability of biological constructs. As synthetic biologists, we are curious about both the system and the underlined ethical discussion and wish to learn more about them using this iGEM project as a gateway.



To what extent do patent owners hold the right of limiting the use of the product? Should the derivative of a patented biological part be protected under the same patent ? Although those questions lead us to meaningful conversations and debates, we didn’t find much specific or useful information for our project. As hesitating as we were about how to go with it, we narrowed down the searching scope again to patenting related to bacteria, especially in cosmetics. Questions include “what kind of strain or gene can be patented”, “what is the premarket regulation”, “how long would it take”, and etc.

Questions we asked

Any kind of study related to genetically modified organism would not be easy, especially when people who are curious about perspective of bioethics conduct it. The research actually started as a research on GMO regulation and comparison of the US and European system. However, we were soon overwhelmed by the amount of information and the research was constantly slowed down by our daily debates about the culture behind different attitudes toward GMOs in different countries and how the future policy should be. Therefore, we cut down it to only questions about the patent system: is patenting encouraging science development or hindering it?



Nevertheless, while trying to talk to business owner, we did realize the reluctance of sharing too much information about, for example, their cream formula.

In our project, we use mostly Corynebacterium to study human body odor. Majority of Corynebacterium strains are patentable since they have been used for industrial application in the past, although regulation can differ for specific strains. As a matter of fact, there is an existing patent on isolated agaA gene and the formula of cream for growing of Corynebacterium bacteria. If we keep working on the same gene, we would only be able to patent our method of isolation and a new formula for method of nurturing. One interesting point about cosmetic product in the US is that there is not required premarket approval, meaning heavy regulation of safety usually happens after certain safety issue has occurred.

A patent of cosmetic product, if submitted directly as an European application under fast track, it will take about three years to be approved, while an international application use takes around 5 years.

Conclusion we drew

First of all, it is beyond argument that the start of patent was one of the most beneficial things to the development of science. The sense of ownership encouraged millions of researchers to create. It also established the link between business and research, which then initiated the growth of engineering and brought technologies into daily life. However, as science develops and the link between business and research gets stronger and stronger, patenting, especially in a new and fast-developing field like synthetic biology, becomes the hinder of effective problem solving in labs. We think the system of open science should be the dominant system in lab. At the same time, patenting in business encourages small-scale projects and attracts capital into biotechnology fields and is essential for the industrial development. On the other hand, since biological technology is linked, often, to human beings’ basic rights of surviving, the time length, application limit on the patent should be regulated in a way so that development of biotechnology in a certain country wouldn’t cause more inequality, especially in basic human rights, in the world.


Fortunately, synthetic biologists are mostly open with their study and happy to share resources. We have definitely taken advantage of the openness in building our project.





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