Team:Paris Bettencourt/Citizen Science

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<tr>
<tr>
<td><b><center>BACKGROUND</center></b></br><br>
<td><b><center>BACKGROUND</center></b></br><br>
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<p class=text1> <ul style="list-style-type:square">
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<p class=text1>  
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Body odor is a unique characteristic of each individual and it is influenced by many parameters.
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Body odor is very complex and varies between individuals. In order to get non-scientists involved, we used a crowdsourcing approach.
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To get non-scientists involved, we used a crowdsourcing approach.
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Citizen scientists learned about the project and synthetic biology, while helping us collect and analyze samples.
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Citizen Scientists helped us collect and analyse samples while learning about Synthetic Biology.
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</p></td>
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</ul>.</p></td>
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<td><b><center>AIMS</b></center></br><br>
<td><b><center>AIMS</b></center></br><br>
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<p class=text1><ul style="list-style-type:square">
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<p class=text1>
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  Getting Citizen Scientists involved: by giving samples or by analyzing samples.
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  Our aims included getting citizen scientists involved by giving us their samples and by analyzing samples. To facilitate this aim we needed to develop an online platform to analyze the data for a wide range of volunteers
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  Development of an online platform to analyse the data.
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</p></td>
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Collect samples and analysis from a wide range of volunteers.
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<td><b><center>ACHIEVEMENTS</center></b></br><br>
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</ul>. </p></td>
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<p class=text1><ul style="list-style-type:square"><li>More than 600 citizen scientists participated.
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<td><b><center>RESULTS</center></b></br><br>
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  </li><li>Developing a <i>Smell game</i> for sample analysis.</li><li>Living lab event in <i>Cite de Sciences et de l'Industrie.</i></li><li>Watching a scary movie had little to no affect on body odor intensity</li> </ul></p></td>
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<p class=text1><ul style="list-style-type:square"><li>More than 600 participations.
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  </li><li>Developing a <i>Smell game</i> for sample analysis.</li><li>Living lab event in <i>Cite de Sciences et de l'Industrie.</i></li><li><i>Smell of fear</i> analysis.</li> </ul></p></td>
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<div id=part1 class=project>
<div id=part1 class=project>
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<h6>Introduction</h6><br>
 
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<p class=text3>
 
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<img src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/d2/Logosmellgame.png"><img src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ef/Screencap2.png">
 
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<span class=legende><b>Figure 1: The smell game welcome page.</b>This is the platform developed by Rennes Team on which we gathered the smell analyzis.</span>
 
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<h6>Introduction</h6><br></p>
 +
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<span class=legende><b>Figure 2: The Smell Game.</b>This is an example of results gathered on the platform for the same sample.Results represent the sum of every smelling test made by the citizen scientists.Intensity and pleasantness change according to the smell results</span></br>
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<p class=text3>Body odor is a complex concept that is specific to each individual. To assess this relationship, we chose a crowdsourcing approach, which has been shown to be successful in the past (such as Fold It and Eterna) for big data scientific studies. <br><br>
-
Body odor is a unique characteristic of each individual. Our body aroma is extremely complex and previous studies showed that this odor is influenced by many parameters.To assess this relationship, we chose a crowdsourcing approach, which has been shown to be successful in the past (ref: foldit) for big data scientific studies. </br></br>
+
 
-
In this process, the general public can participate both by giving data and analyzing it. While helping us with the project, they learn about their own odor and Synthetic Biology.  
+
In this study, the general public has the opportunity to participate both by giving us their sweat samples and evaluating smells using "The Smell Game" platform (a screen shot of which is shown in Fig. 1). While helping us with the project, citizens can learn about their own odor and synthetic biology. <br><br>
 +
<p class=text3><img src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/81/SmellgameimagePB.png"></br>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<span class=legende><b>Figure 1: Different types of odors you might smell.</b>This is just part of the odor range people can choose on the platform, alongside the type of emotion they feel when smelling the samples.</span></br>
</p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id=part2 class=project>
<div id=part2 class=project>
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<p class=text2></p>
 
<h6>Aims</h6><br>
<h6>Aims</h6><br>
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<p class=text1> - <b>Getting Citizen Scientists involved:</b> The general public can be involved by either giving samples and/or by analyzing them through an online game called “The Smell Game”. </br></br>
+
<p class=text3><b>Getting citizen scientists involved</b>: The general public should be involved by either giving samples and/or by analyzing them through an online platform called “The Smell Game”. <br>
-
 
+
<b>Collecting and analyzing armpit smell samples</b>: Volunteers should place cotton pads under their armpits for a specified amount of time and fill a form with information about their lifestyle, diet, gender, and age. <br>
-
- <b>Collecting and analyzing armpit smell samples:</b> The volunteers placed cotton pads under their armpits for a specified amount of time and filled a form with information about their lifestyle, diet, gender and age. </br></br>
+
<b>Developing an online game to analyze the samples and learn more about the microbiome </b>: The participants use the online platform created to analyze samples that have been given by other participants. People will assess their personal impression of the fragrance of the different samples. The final aim is to give users the analysis of their personal odor provided by others participants. <br>
-
 
+
<b>Study how emotions can affect body odor</b>: Take samples of volunteers before and after watching a horror movie and making a smell test to determine if there is a significant change in their body odor. <br><br>
-
- <b>Developing an online game to analyze the samples and learn more about the microbiome:</b> The participants use our online platform to analyze samples that have been given by other participants. People will assess their personal impression of the fragrance of the different samples. The final aim is to give users the analysis of their personal odor provided by others participants. </br></br>
+
-
 
+
-
- <b>Study how emotions can affect body odor:</b> Taking samples of volunteers before and after watching a horror movie and making a smell test to determine if there is a significant change in their body odor.</br></br>
+
  </p>
  </p>
</div>
</div>
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<p class=text2>  
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<img id=graph1 src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/3d/Deo2Intensitypb.jpg">
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<img id=graph1 src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/53/Deo2IntensityA.jpg">
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<img id=graph1 src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/08/Deo3PleaB.jpg">
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<span class=legende><b>Figure 3a: The Smell Game.</b>We collected samples of 300 volunteers from iGEM teams and citizen scientists and separated the ones with and without deodorant.Subjects smelled 6 samples and rated its intensity and pleasantness in addition to the emotions they felt on the platform.They also collected their sweat on cotton pads and answered a quick questionnaire about their daily habits.The confidence interval is equal to 95%.No differences in pleasantness were found.</span></br>
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<span class=legende><b>Figure 2a: Deodorant has no effect on smell intensity. </b>We collected samples of 300 volunteers from iGEM teams and citizen scientists. Subjects smelled 6 samples and rated their intensity.No difference was found between these 2 types of samples.The confidence interval is equal to 95%.</span></br>
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<span class=legende><b>Figure 3b: The smell game.</b>From the same samples.All the data generated through this game is anonymous and randomised automatically. Differences were found in pleasantness.(P=0.0235).</span></br>
+
<span class=legende><b>Figure 2b: Deodorant has a negative effect on body odor pleasantness.</b>On the same samples, a better pleasantness has been found for people not spraying deodorant, (P=0,0235).</span></br>
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<img id=graph1 src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b0/GenderInt2.jpg">
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<img id=graph1 src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/45/GenderIntA.jpg">
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<img id=graph1 src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c1/GenderPleapb.jpg">
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<img id=graph1 src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f5/GenderPleaB.jpg">
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<span class=legende><b>Figure 4a: The Smell Game.</b>Differences were found in odor intensity (P=0.081).</span>
+
<span class=legende><b>Figure 3a:Gender has no influence on body odor intensity.</b>There is no measurable difference between male and female body odor intensity, (P=0,081).</span>
-
<span class=legende><b>Figure 4b: The Smell Game.</b>No differences were found in pleasantness.</span></br>
+
<span class=legende><b>Figure 3b:Women don't smell better than men.</b>No significant difference was found between male and female body odor pleasantness.</span></br>
-
<img id=graph2 src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0f/AgeIntensity2.jpg"></br>
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<img id=graph2 src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/5e/AgeIntensity.jpg"></br>
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<span class=legende><b>Figure 5: The Smell Game.</b>Differences we found with a significant increase for teenagers.</span></br>
+
<span class=legende><b>Figure 4: People aged between 20 and 35 have the strongest body odor.</b>As expected,odor intensity was found to increase with the age. Surprisingly, teenagers are not the people with the strongest body odor. We limited our study to these four groups, to reflect the amount and age range of the participants.</span></br>
<img src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/8c/MovieNight_CitizenScience_PB.jpg"></br>
<img src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/8c/MovieNight_CitizenScience_PB.jpg"></br>
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<span class=legende><b>Figure 6: The horror movie experiment.</b> We collected samples of 17 volunteers before and after watching a scary movie. Differences in strength and pleasantness were not found significant overall (Wilcoxon test, difference in strength p=0.69; difference in pleasantness p=0.84) although some individuals did experience a significant change (volunteers number 3 and 9). Samples were tested by at least 4 people.</span></br>
+
<span class=legende><b>Figure 5: The horror movie experiment.</b> We collected samples of 17 volunteers before and after watching a scary movie. Differences in strength and pleasantness were not found significant overall (Wilcoxon test, difference in strength p=0.69; difference in pleasantness p=0.84) although some individuals did experience a significant change (volunteers number 3 and 9). Samples were tested by at least 4 people.The number of smell analyzes is too low to conclude anything. </span></br>
<h6>Results</h6><br>
<h6>Results</h6><br>
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<b>1. The smell game </b></br>
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<b>The Smell Game </b></br>
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The Smell Game was developped by a team from Rennes as a collaboration with Paris Bettencourt team. At this time, users can give a sample of his own sweat, play with the samples of others and then obtain a position of their smell. The web platform continues to evolve, with an important support of actual 'players' that helps to make the 'odor database' bigger.  
+
The Smell Game was developed with a group of students from University of Rennes. This platform is used to store the smell evaluation data entered by Citizen Scientists. The Smell Game project web platform is available at: http://smellofus.synbio4all.org.</br>To find out more about how this project emerged and was developed see the <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Paris_Bettencourt/The_Smell_Game">'The Smell Game'</a> page on the Wiki.</br></br>
-
The Smell Game project relies on a web platform available at: http://smellofus.synbio4all.org.</br>To find out more about how this project emerged and was developped look at <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Paris_Bettencourt/The_Smell_Game">'The Smell Game'</a> page of the Wiki </br></br>
+
-
<i>Effect of deodorant on body odor </i> </br>
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<b>Effect of deodorant on body odor </b> </br>
-
According to the Smelling Game, wearing deodorant does not alter the intensity of the smell, while people that do not use deodorant are considered to have a more pleasant smell. This statistically significant conclusion is based on more than 400 analyses of 200 unique samples. </br></br>
+
According to Fig. 2A, wearing deodorant does not alter the intensity of the smell, while people that do not use deodorant are considered to have a more pleasant smell (Fig. 2B). This statistically significant conclusion is based on more than 400 analyses of 200 unique samples.</br></br>
   
   
-
<i>Gender effect on body odor</i> </br>
+
<b>Gender effect on body odor</b> </br>
-
There is no measurable difference between male and female body odor samples, for both intensity and pleasantness. This result is contradictory to the popular belief that females have a less intense and more pleasant odor (http://aurasensory.com/blog/did-you-know/fascinating-facts-about-underarm-odor-and-bacteria). One explanation could be that most women shave their armpits, which seems to be a condition that favors the bacterial growth.</br></br>
+
There is no measurable difference between male and female body odor samples, for both intensity (Fig. 3A) and pleasantness (Fig. 3B). This result is contradictory to the popular belief that females have a less intense and a more pleasant odor (http://aurasensory.com/blog/did-you-know/fascinating-facts-about-underarm-odor-and-bacteria). One explanation could be that most women shave their armpits, which seems to be a condition that favors the bacterial growth.</br></br>
   
   
-
<i>Age effect on the odor intensity</i></br>
+
<b>Age effect on the odor intensity</b></br>
-
Odor intensity was found to increase with the age. Surprisingly, the odor intensity of the 10-20 year olds was lower than the 20-35 years old participants. We limited our study to these four groups (name the groups!), to reflect the amount and age range of the participants.</br></br>
+
Odor intensity was found to increase with the age (Fig. 4). Surprisingly, the odor intensity of the 10-20 year olds was lower than the 20-30, and 30-35 years old participants. We limited our study to these four groups, to reflect the demographics of the participants.</br></br>
-
<b>2. Horror movie night experiment </b></br>
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<b>Horror movie night experiment </b></br>
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We collected samples of 17 donors before and after watching a scary movie. After, both samples were rated in a scale from 0 to 5 in strength and pleasantness. At least 4 people analyzed every sample. The difference between the after and before tube was plotted for every individual (Fig. X). After statistical analysis, we found no significant increase in strength and decrease in pleasantness in the participant's body odor after watching the movie (Wilcoxon test, difference in strength p=0.69; difference in pleasantness p=0.84). Although some individuals did experiment a significant change.</br></br>
+
We collected samples of 17 donors before and after watching a scary movie. The samples were rated on a scale from 0 to 5 in strength and pleasantness. At least 4 people analyzed every sample. The difference between the after and before tube was plotted for every individual (Fig. 5). After statistical analysis, we found no global significant difference between the participant's body odor before and after watching the movie (Wilcoxon test, difference in strength p=0.69; difference in pleasantness p=0.84). Though, some individuals did experiment a significant change.</br></br>
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<div id=part4 class=project>
 
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<p class=text2></p>
 
<h6>Achievements</h6><br>
<h6>Achievements</h6><br>
<p class=text1>Overall, more than 600 participants from all around the world collaborated with us (France, Poland, Colombia, Israel, UK). They were aged from 5 to 65 years old. </br></br>
<p class=text1>Overall, more than 600 participants from all around the world collaborated with us (France, Poland, Colombia, Israel, UK). They were aged from 5 to 65 years old. </br></br>
-
We hosted several smell events where Citizen Scientists were able to learn about our project and participate in it. One of the events took place at the <b>'Cité des Sciences'</b> (a known Science Museum in Paris) called “Parfums Microbiens”. During three days, we held up a stand that included posters explaining the relationship between the microbiome and body odor, a place to analyze sweat samples using our 'Smell Game' software and an area to exercise playing a 'Wii' game and donate sweat samples. During this event, we collected around a hundred samples and analysis of smells.
+
We hosted several smell events where Citizen Scientists were able to learn about our project and participate in it. One of the events took place at the <b>'Cité des Sciences'</b> (a known Science Museum in Paris) called “Parfums Microbiens”. During three days, we held up a stand that included posters explaining the relationship between the microbiome and body odor, a place to analyze sweat samples using our 'Smell Game' software, and an area to exercise playing a 'Wii' game and donate sweat samples. During this event, we collected around a hundred samples and had about 200 people play the smell game.
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{{:Team:Paris_Bettencourt/Footer}}
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Latest revision as of 16:12, 12 December 2014

BACKGROUND


Body odor is very complex and varies between individuals. In order to get non-scientists involved, we used a crowdsourcing approach. Citizen scientists learned about the project and synthetic biology, while helping us collect and analyze samples.

AIMS


Our aims included getting citizen scientists involved by giving us their samples and by analyzing samples. To facilitate this aim we needed to develop an online platform to analyze the data for a wide range of volunteers

ACHIEVEMENTS


  • More than 600 citizen scientists participated.
  • Developing a Smell game for sample analysis.
  • Living lab event in Cite de Sciences et de l'Industrie.
  • Watching a scary movie had little to no affect on body odor intensity

Introduction Aims Results Achievements
Introduction

Body odor is a complex concept that is specific to each individual. To assess this relationship, we chose a crowdsourcing approach, which has been shown to be successful in the past (such as Fold It and Eterna) for big data scientific studies.

In this study, the general public has the opportunity to participate both by giving us their sweat samples and evaluating smells using "The Smell Game" platform (a screen shot of which is shown in Fig. 1). While helping us with the project, citizens can learn about their own odor and synthetic biology.


Figure 1: Different types of odors you might smell.This is just part of the odor range people can choose on the platform, alongside the type of emotion they feel when smelling the samples.

Aims

Getting citizen scientists involved: The general public should be involved by either giving samples and/or by analyzing them through an online platform called “The Smell Game”.
Collecting and analyzing armpit smell samples: Volunteers should place cotton pads under their armpits for a specified amount of time and fill a form with information about their lifestyle, diet, gender, and age.
Developing an online game to analyze the samples and learn more about the microbiome : The participants use the online platform created to analyze samples that have been given by other participants. People will assess their personal impression of the fragrance of the different samples. The final aim is to give users the analysis of their personal odor provided by others participants.
Study how emotions can affect body odor: Take samples of volunteers before and after watching a horror movie and making a smell test to determine if there is a significant change in their body odor.

Figure 2a: Deodorant has no effect on smell intensity. We collected samples of 300 volunteers from iGEM teams and citizen scientists. Subjects smelled 6 samples and rated their intensity.No difference was found between these 2 types of samples.The confidence interval is equal to 95%.
Figure 2b: Deodorant has a negative effect on body odor pleasantness.On the same samples, a better pleasantness has been found for people not spraying deodorant, (P=0,0235).
Figure 3a:Gender has no influence on body odor intensity.There is no measurable difference between male and female body odor intensity, (P=0,081). Figure 3b:Women don't smell better than men.No significant difference was found between male and female body odor pleasantness.

Figure 4: People aged between 20 and 35 have the strongest body odor.As expected,odor intensity was found to increase with the age. Surprisingly, teenagers are not the people with the strongest body odor. We limited our study to these four groups, to reflect the amount and age range of the participants.

Figure 5: The horror movie experiment. We collected samples of 17 volunteers before and after watching a scary movie. Differences in strength and pleasantness were not found significant overall (Wilcoxon test, difference in strength p=0.69; difference in pleasantness p=0.84) although some individuals did experience a significant change (volunteers number 3 and 9). Samples were tested by at least 4 people.The number of smell analyzes is too low to conclude anything.

Results

The Smell Game
The Smell Game was developed with a group of students from University of Rennes. This platform is used to store the smell evaluation data entered by Citizen Scientists. The Smell Game project web platform is available at: http://smellofus.synbio4all.org.
To find out more about how this project emerged and was developed see the 'The Smell Game' page on the Wiki.

Effect of deodorant on body odor
According to Fig. 2A, wearing deodorant does not alter the intensity of the smell, while people that do not use deodorant are considered to have a more pleasant smell (Fig. 2B). This statistically significant conclusion is based on more than 400 analyses of 200 unique samples.

Gender effect on body odor
There is no measurable difference between male and female body odor samples, for both intensity (Fig. 3A) and pleasantness (Fig. 3B). This result is contradictory to the popular belief that females have a less intense and a more pleasant odor (http://aurasensory.com/blog/did-you-know/fascinating-facts-about-underarm-odor-and-bacteria). One explanation could be that most women shave their armpits, which seems to be a condition that favors the bacterial growth.

Age effect on the odor intensity
Odor intensity was found to increase with the age (Fig. 4). Surprisingly, the odor intensity of the 10-20 year olds was lower than the 20-30, and 30-35 years old participants. We limited our study to these four groups, to reflect the demographics of the participants.

Horror movie night experiment
We collected samples of 17 donors before and after watching a scary movie. The samples were rated on a scale from 0 to 5 in strength and pleasantness. At least 4 people analyzed every sample. The difference between the after and before tube was plotted for every individual (Fig. 5). After statistical analysis, we found no global significant difference between the participant's body odor before and after watching the movie (Wilcoxon test, difference in strength p=0.69; difference in pleasantness p=0.84). Though, some individuals did experiment a significant change.

Achievements

Overall, more than 600 participants from all around the world collaborated with us (France, Poland, Colombia, Israel, UK). They were aged from 5 to 65 years old.

We hosted several smell events where Citizen Scientists were able to learn about our project and participate in it. One of the events took place at the 'Cité des Sciences' (a known Science Museum in Paris) called “Parfums Microbiens”. During three days, we held up a stand that included posters explaining the relationship between the microbiome and body odor, a place to analyze sweat samples using our 'Smell Game' software, and an area to exercise playing a 'Wii' game and donate sweat samples. During this event, we collected around a hundred samples and had about 200 people play the smell game.

Centre for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI)
Faculty of Medicine Cochin Port-Royal, South wing, 2nd floor
Paris Descartes University
24, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques
75014 Paris, France
+33 1 44 41 25 22/25
paris-bettencourt-igem@googlegroups.com
Copyright (c) 2014 igem.org. All rights reserved.