Team:ITESM-CEM/Interlab
From 2014.igem.org
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<table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="Table_01" style="background:transparent;"> | <table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="Table_01" style="background:transparent;"> | ||
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- | <td colspan="3" valign="bottom"><h3>ITESM-CEM | Enzy7-K me</h3></td> | + | <td colspan="3" valign="bottom"><a name="top"><h3>ITESM-CEM | Enzy7-K me</h3></a></td> |
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In order to do so, GFP (BBa_E0240) is used as a marker of gene expression or reporter gene, because of the ease of fluorescence measurement experiments.<br><br> | In order to do so, GFP (BBa_E0240) is used as a marker of gene expression or reporter gene, because of the ease of fluorescence measurement experiments.<br><br> | ||
GFP has long been used as a reporter of patterns of gene expression in both prokaryotes, were it is useful for characterization of promoters, enhancers and terminators; and in eukaryotes, were tissue-specific or time-specific gene expression can be traced (2). The basis of this procedure is the usage of GFP’s fluorescence as a reporter of activity of promoters and enhancers; the relative fluorescence of cells at different experimental conditions can be compared with statistical techniques, and so the efficiency of the parts can be tested. | GFP has long been used as a reporter of patterns of gene expression in both prokaryotes, were it is useful for characterization of promoters, enhancers and terminators; and in eukaryotes, were tissue-specific or time-specific gene expression can be traced (2). The basis of this procedure is the usage of GFP’s fluorescence as a reporter of activity of promoters and enhancers; the relative fluorescence of cells at different experimental conditions can be compared with statistical techniques, and so the efficiency of the parts can be tested. | ||
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<a name="Protocols"> <u><h2>Protocols</h2></u> </a> | <a name="Protocols"> <u><h2>Protocols</h2></u> </a> | ||
- | < | + | <h4>Transformation Protocol</h4> |
<p tyle="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/08/Transformacion.jpg" align="right" width="250" height="250" hspace="20">All the previously assembled BioBricks were transformed into DH5α competent cells acquired from New England Biolabs (NEB ®). In order to do so, NEB ®’s transformation protocol (3) was used: 50 μl of competent cells were added to microtubes; then, 5 μl of each previously assembled device (DNA concentration between 200 and 300 pg/ml, as determined by spectrophotometry) were pipetted into the tube, which was placed on ice for 30 minutes. Afterwards, the samples were submitted to 30 seconds of a 42°C heat shock; after which they were placed on ice for another 5 minutes. After incubation on ice, 950 μl of SOC medium were added to each mixture. <br>The tubes were placed at 37°C and 250 rpm for 60 minutes. Finally, 200 μl of each sample were plated into warm, solid LB media with 0.1% v/v of antibiotic (kanamycin 15 mg/ml for device 1, and chloramphenicol 35 mg/ml for devices 2, and 3).<br> | <p tyle="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/08/Transformacion.jpg" align="right" width="250" height="250" hspace="20">All the previously assembled BioBricks were transformed into DH5α competent cells acquired from New England Biolabs (NEB ®). In order to do so, NEB ®’s transformation protocol (3) was used: 50 μl of competent cells were added to microtubes; then, 5 μl of each previously assembled device (DNA concentration between 200 and 300 pg/ml, as determined by spectrophotometry) were pipetted into the tube, which was placed on ice for 30 minutes. Afterwards, the samples were submitted to 30 seconds of a 42°C heat shock; after which they were placed on ice for another 5 minutes. After incubation on ice, 950 μl of SOC medium were added to each mixture. <br>The tubes were placed at 37°C and 250 rpm for 60 minutes. Finally, 200 μl of each sample were plated into warm, solid LB media with 0.1% v/v of antibiotic (kanamycin 15 mg/ml for device 1, and chloramphenicol 35 mg/ml for devices 2, and 3).<br> | ||
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- | < | + | <h4>MiniPrep Protocol</h4> |
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/92/Miniprep.jpg" align="left" width="250" height="250" hspace="20"><p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;">Common miniprep plasmid-DNA extraction was performed. To do so, an isolated colony obtained from the transformation step was transferred from the Petri dish into an Erlenmeyer flask containing LB medium with the selection antibiotic (0.1% v/v). The flask was incubated overnight at 37°C and 250 rpm; 10 ml of the resulting culture were centrifuged at 13500 rpm for 30 seconds, so that biomass could be separated. The supernatant was discarded and cells were resuspended in 350 μl of STET buffer. The mixture was then transferred to a 1.5 ml microtube, where 5 μl of lysozyme (10 mg/ml) were added. The mixture was incubated during 3 minutes, after which the tube was transferred to a boiling water bath for 2 minutes in order to inactivate the enzyme. <br> | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/92/Miniprep.jpg" align="left" width="250" height="250" hspace="20"><p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;">Common miniprep plasmid-DNA extraction was performed. To do so, an isolated colony obtained from the transformation step was transferred from the Petri dish into an Erlenmeyer flask containing LB medium with the selection antibiotic (0.1% v/v). The flask was incubated overnight at 37°C and 250 rpm; 10 ml of the resulting culture were centrifuged at 13500 rpm for 30 seconds, so that biomass could be separated. The supernatant was discarded and cells were resuspended in 350 μl of STET buffer. The mixture was then transferred to a 1.5 ml microtube, where 5 μl of lysozyme (10 mg/ml) were added. The mixture was incubated during 3 minutes, after which the tube was transferred to a boiling water bath for 2 minutes in order to inactivate the enzyme. <br> | ||
Afterwards, the sample was centrifuged at 13500 rpm for 10 minutes. The bacterial pellet was taken out of the liquid using a sterile micropipette, and 10 μl of RNase A were added. The mixture was incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. Then, 20 μl of sodium acetate (3M), and 250 μl of isopropanol were added. The mixture was gently stirred and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. Afterwards, it was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 12400 rpm; the supernatant was discarded, and the pellet washed 2 times with 1 ml of ethanol 70% v/v. Finally, the DNA was resuspended in 100 μl of distilled water and quantified by spectrophotometry.<br><br> | Afterwards, the sample was centrifuged at 13500 rpm for 10 minutes. The bacterial pellet was taken out of the liquid using a sterile micropipette, and 10 μl of RNase A were added. The mixture was incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. Then, 20 μl of sodium acetate (3M), and 250 μl of isopropanol were added. The mixture was gently stirred and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. Afterwards, it was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 12400 rpm; the supernatant was discarded, and the pellet washed 2 times with 1 ml of ethanol 70% v/v. Finally, the DNA was resuspended in 100 μl of distilled water and quantified by spectrophotometry.<br><br> | ||
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- | < | + | <h4>Assembly Protocol</h4> |
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/43/3AAssembly.jpg" align="left" width="200" height="200" hspace="20" BORDER=10><p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;">Promoters from New device 1 and 2 (contained in a psB1C3 plasmid),were digested using the restriction enzymes SpeI and EcoRI. Reagents were added to a 0.5 ml PCR tube in the following order: 12.5 μl of water for molecular biology, 4 μl of NEB® Buffer 2.1, 0.5 μl of BSA, 20 μl of DNA (BioBrick BBa_K823005 in psB3K3 backbone), 1.5 μl of SpeI enzyme, and 1.5 μl of EcoRI enzyme. The content of the tube was gently mixed, and placed at a Thermoblock at 37°C for 75 minutes. After incubation, the tube was placed at a water bath at 80°C for 20 minutes so that the enzyme could be inactivated. Finally, the digestion product was stored at -20°C.<br><br></p> | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/43/3AAssembly.jpg" align="left" width="200" height="200" hspace="20" BORDER=10><p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;">Promoters from New device 1 and 2 (contained in a psB1C3 plasmid),were digested using the restriction enzymes SpeI and EcoRI. Reagents were added to a 0.5 ml PCR tube in the following order: 12.5 μl of water for molecular biology, 4 μl of NEB® Buffer 2.1, 0.5 μl of BSA, 20 μl of DNA (BioBrick BBa_K823005 in psB3K3 backbone), 1.5 μl of SpeI enzyme, and 1.5 μl of EcoRI enzyme. The content of the tube was gently mixed, and placed at a Thermoblock at 37°C for 75 minutes. After incubation, the tube was placed at a water bath at 80°C for 20 minutes so that the enzyme could be inactivated. Finally, the digestion product was stored at -20°C.<br><br></p> | ||
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- | < | + | <h4>Fluorescence Measurement Protocol</h4> |
<p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;"> | <p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;"> | ||
In order to measure the relative fluorescence of the three different GFP-expressing genetic devices, a fluorometer was used. This was done at the Research Center CINVESTAV (Center of Advanced Studies and Investigations) of National Polytechnic Institute, at Mexico City. Firstly, isolated colonies of bacteria expressing BioBricks BBa_I20260 (Device 1), BBa_K823005 + BBa_E0240 (Device 2), and BBa_K823012 + BBa_E0240 (Device 3); as well as common Top10, and DH5α strains (negative controls) were cultured overnight at 37°C in a Shaker using 5 ml of LB media with 0.1% v/v of antibiotic (15 mg/ml kanamycin for device 1, and 35 mg/ml chloramphenicol for devices 2 and 3). Then, 1 ml of the resulting culture was further subcultured 2 hours at 37°C and 250 rpm in another 5 ml of LB media, with no antibiotic; while the rest of it was kept at 4°C.<br> | In order to measure the relative fluorescence of the three different GFP-expressing genetic devices, a fluorometer was used. This was done at the Research Center CINVESTAV (Center of Advanced Studies and Investigations) of National Polytechnic Institute, at Mexico City. Firstly, isolated colonies of bacteria expressing BioBricks BBa_I20260 (Device 1), BBa_K823005 + BBa_E0240 (Device 2), and BBa_K823012 + BBa_E0240 (Device 3); as well as common Top10, and DH5α strains (negative controls) were cultured overnight at 37°C in a Shaker using 5 ml of LB media with 0.1% v/v of antibiotic (15 mg/ml kanamycin for device 1, and 35 mg/ml chloramphenicol for devices 2 and 3). Then, 1 ml of the resulting culture was further subcultured 2 hours at 37°C and 250 rpm in another 5 ml of LB media, with no antibiotic; while the rest of it was kept at 4°C.<br> | ||
After two hours, both sets of samples (stored at 37°C and 4°C respectively) were centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 1 minute to separate the biomass. As suggested in previous fluorometric studies (4), the supernatant was discarded, and the samples washed with 1 ml of PBS 1X three times using the same centrifuge conditions, so that all the remnants of LB liquid media could be removed (because LB is capable of emitting fluorescence). Finally, the sample was resuspended in 1 ml of PBS and diluted, the absorbance of 100 μl of the sample was determined at a wavelength of 600 nm using a spectrophotometer. Using the optical density data obtained, the original samples were serially diluted to create a standard curve with values of OD600 ranging from 0 to 1, with increasing intervals of 0.2 units. This data was later translated to cell number.<br> | After two hours, both sets of samples (stored at 37°C and 4°C respectively) were centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 1 minute to separate the biomass. As suggested in previous fluorometric studies (4), the supernatant was discarded, and the samples washed with 1 ml of PBS 1X three times using the same centrifuge conditions, so that all the remnants of LB liquid media could be removed (because LB is capable of emitting fluorescence). Finally, the sample was resuspended in 1 ml of PBS and diluted, the absorbance of 100 μl of the sample was determined at a wavelength of 600 nm using a spectrophotometer. Using the optical density data obtained, the original samples were serially diluted to create a standard curve with values of OD600 ranging from 0 to 1, with increasing intervals of 0.2 units. This data was later translated to cell number.<br> | ||
After verifying the OD600 of each dilution, samples of 150 μl for each biomass concentration were transferred to a fluorometer plaque, and their relative fluorescence was measured by triplicate using the appropriate filters (excitation 485 nm, emission 510 nm), while stirring. A standard curve was obtained for each bacterial strain (DH5α, Top10, and devices 1 to 3) using the statistical mean of the 3 measurements. | After verifying the OD600 of each dilution, samples of 150 μl for each biomass concentration were transferred to a fluorometer plaque, and their relative fluorescence was measured by triplicate using the appropriate filters (excitation 485 nm, emission 510 nm), while stirring. A standard curve was obtained for each bacterial strain (DH5α, Top10, and devices 1 to 3) using the statistical mean of the 3 measurements. | ||
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c7/Rsz_flourskan.jpg" align="center" width="400" height="225" hspace="10" BORDER=10> | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c7/Rsz_flourskan.jpg" align="center" width="400" height="225" hspace="10" BORDER=10> | ||
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<a name="Comp"><u><h2>Assembly verification</h2></u></a> | <a name="Comp"><u><h2>Assembly verification</h2></u></a> | ||
<p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;"> | <p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;"> | ||
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Device 3 is the only exception to these observations, since its control lane presents a band of the appropriate size; however, the restriction lane does not correspond with the predicted fragment sizes.<br><br> | Device 3 is the only exception to these observations, since its control lane presents a band of the appropriate size; however, the restriction lane does not correspond with the predicted fragment sizes.<br><br> | ||
Given the previous analysis, the only possible explanation for the lack of fluorescence of devices 2 and 3 is an error in either the sequence or the cloning procedures for promoters in plasmid psB1C3; or an unexpected pattern of BioBrick ligation. It is then concluded that no efficient activity can be characterized for Promoter BBa_K823012 or for any of the BioBricks assembled with psB1C3 plasmid backbone. | Given the previous analysis, the only possible explanation for the lack of fluorescence of devices 2 and 3 is an error in either the sequence or the cloning procedures for promoters in plasmid psB1C3; or an unexpected pattern of BioBrick ligation. It is then concluded that no efficient activity can be characterized for Promoter BBa_K823012 or for any of the BioBricks assembled with psB1C3 plasmid backbone. | ||
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<a name="Control"><u><h2>Control measurements</h2></u></a> | <a name="Control"><u><h2>Control measurements</h2></u></a> | ||
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f9/Interlab_Results_%282%29-2.jpg" align="middle" hspace="10" BORDER=10><br> | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f9/Interlab_Results_%282%29-2.jpg" align="middle" hspace="10" BORDER=10><br> | ||
<b>Figure 2.</b> Mean Relative Fluorescence plot for negative control samples taken from overnight cultures at increasing optical densities. All correlation coefficients are shown. | <b>Figure 2.</b> Mean Relative Fluorescence plot for negative control samples taken from overnight cultures at increasing optical densities. All correlation coefficients are shown. | ||
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/Interlab_Results_%282%29-8.jpg" align="middle" hspace="10" BORDER=10><br> | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/Interlab_Results_%282%29-8.jpg" align="middle" hspace="10" BORDER=10><br> | ||
<b>Figure 4.</b> Comparative plot of Mean Relative Fluorescence for genetically modified E. coli DH5α strain, transformed with BioBrick BBa_I20260, at increasing optical densities. The upper curve belongs to a sample taken of the 2-hour subculture at 37°C in LB media; while the lower one was obtained directly from an overnight culture stored at 4°C. The basal levels of fluorescence emission were subtracted. All correlation coefficients are shown. | <b>Figure 4.</b> Comparative plot of Mean Relative Fluorescence for genetically modified E. coli DH5α strain, transformed with BioBrick BBa_I20260, at increasing optical densities. The upper curve belongs to a sample taken of the 2-hour subculture at 37°C in LB media; while the lower one was obtained directly from an overnight culture stored at 4°C. The basal levels of fluorescence emission were subtracted. All correlation coefficients are shown. | ||
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<a name="GFP1"><u><h2>Device 1 (BBa_I20260)</h2></u></a> | <a name="GFP1"><u><h2>Device 1 (BBa_I20260)</h2></u></a> | ||
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Device 1 (BBa_I20260) shows a very strong positive linear relationship between biomass concentration (cell number) and relative fluorescence units (RFU) measured by the fluorometer, this result strongly suggests that promoter BBa_K23005 is properly working, and GFP is being expressed. Furthermore, figure 4 shows a comparative plot where the levels of GFP expression for this device were tested at two different experimental conditions, but with a fixed number of cells: the lower curve belongs to a sample taken from bacteria stored on ice (4°C) during two hours, while the upper one belongs to a sample taken from bacteria incubated at 37°C and constant stirring during the same time. Since the cell number for each data point is the same for both measurements, this experiment was designed to assess the effect of metabolic activity in promoter function. | Device 1 (BBa_I20260) shows a very strong positive linear relationship between biomass concentration (cell number) and relative fluorescence units (RFU) measured by the fluorometer, this result strongly suggests that promoter BBa_K23005 is properly working, and GFP is being expressed. Furthermore, figure 4 shows a comparative plot where the levels of GFP expression for this device were tested at two different experimental conditions, but with a fixed number of cells: the lower curve belongs to a sample taken from bacteria stored on ice (4°C) during two hours, while the upper one belongs to a sample taken from bacteria incubated at 37°C and constant stirring during the same time. Since the cell number for each data point is the same for both measurements, this experiment was designed to assess the effect of metabolic activity in promoter function. | ||
A 2-fold (200%) increase was found for the slope of the curve of 37 °C samples. This strongly suggests that more molecules of mutant GFP exist per cell, and that promoter BBa_K823005 increases its level of gene expression as metabolic activity within the cell increases. According to these observations, an appropriate efficiency has been described for the levels of gene expression of the studied promoter. | A 2-fold (200%) increase was found for the slope of the curve of 37 °C samples. This strongly suggests that more molecules of mutant GFP exist per cell, and that promoter BBa_K823005 increases its level of gene expression as metabolic activity within the cell increases. According to these observations, an appropriate efficiency has been described for the levels of gene expression of the studied promoter. | ||
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<a name="GFP2"><u><h2>Device 2 & 3 (BBa_K823005+BBa_E0240, BBa_K823012+BBa_E0240)</h2></u></a> | <a name="GFP2"><u><h2>Device 2 & 3 (BBa_K823005+BBa_E0240, BBa_K823012+BBa_E0240)</h2></u></a> | ||
<p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;"> | <p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-word;"> | ||
It was expected that a significant increase in fluorescence level would exist for device 2, since it is formed by the exact same arrangement of promoter BBa_K823005 and mutant GFP BBA_E0240, now contained in a higher copy-number plasmid (psB1C3); however, no fluorescence at all was found when compared with the negative control strains. This same result was found when analysing device 3 (composed of promoter BBa_K823012, combined with the same mutant GFP in the same high copy-number plasmid backbone). Since both promoter BBa_K823005 and mutant GFP had already been proved to work efficiently, as suggested by the curve obtained for device 1, it was hypothesized that an error could exist in the remaining structure. | It was expected that a significant increase in fluorescence level would exist for device 2, since it is formed by the exact same arrangement of promoter BBa_K823005 and mutant GFP BBA_E0240, now contained in a higher copy-number plasmid (psB1C3); however, no fluorescence at all was found when compared with the negative control strains. This same result was found when analysing device 3 (composed of promoter BBa_K823012, combined with the same mutant GFP in the same high copy-number plasmid backbone). Since both promoter BBa_K823005 and mutant GFP had already been proved to work efficiently, as suggested by the curve obtained for device 1, it was hypothesized that an error could exist in the remaining structure. | ||
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<a name="Conclusion"><u><h2>Conclusions</h2></u></a> | <a name="Conclusion"><u><h2>Conclusions</h2></u></a> | ||
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No characterization was possible for promoter BBa_K823012 in plasmid psB1C3, because no fluorescence was found for any of the samples.<br> | No characterization was possible for promoter BBa_K823012 in plasmid psB1C3, because no fluorescence was found for any of the samples.<br> | ||
It is hypothesized that either an error existed in the cloning procedures used for BioBrick assembly in plasmid psB1C3, or a wrong ligation product was obtained when ITESM CEM team performed the assembly of BioBricks in psB1C3 plasmid. | It is hypothesized that either an error existed in the cloning procedures used for BioBrick assembly in plasmid psB1C3, or a wrong ligation product was obtained when ITESM CEM team performed the assembly of BioBricks in psB1C3 plasmid. | ||
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<a name="Annex"><u><h2>Annexes</h2></u></a> | <a name="Annex"><u><h2>Annexes</h2></u></a> | ||
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Statistical means and standard deviations calculated for each triplicate of measurements of relative fluorescence, using samples taken from E. coli DH5α transformed with BioBrick BBa_I20260, subcultured for 2 hours at 37°C and constant stirring.<br> | Statistical means and standard deviations calculated for each triplicate of measurements of relative fluorescence, using samples taken from E. coli DH5α transformed with BioBrick BBa_I20260, subcultured for 2 hours at 37°C and constant stirring.<br> | ||
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<u><h2>References</h2></u> | <u><h2>References</h2></u> |
Revision as of 19:26, 10 October 2014
ITESM-CEM | Enzy7-K me |
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