Team:BGU Israel/Human Practice/Bedouins

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         <b>Problem: </b>High Risk of developing type 2 diabetes amongst indigenous population.
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         <b>Problem: </b>High risk of developing type 2 diabetes amongst indigenous populations.<br>
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         <b>Goal: </b>Working together with the Bedouin community to raise awareness for type 2 diabetes, in order to lead them to take prevention  measures, and learn about our vision for a synthetic biology solution. </div>
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         <b>Goal: </b>Help the bedouin community adjust to the modern lifestyle by raising awareness and providing them with proper tools.
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         <h3 style="border-bottom:dashed;border-color:#000000">Metabolic Ambassador  <a href="#" onclick="goToByScroll('ambass'); return false;" class="right"></a></h3>
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         Diabetes seminar for Bedouin students in different medical professions
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         Diabetes seminar for Bedouin students in different medical study fields. Providing the students with great knowledge and  tools, so they will carry the message, raise awareness for diabetes in their  community, and motivate people to start taking action.
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         <h3 style="border-bottom:dashed;border-color:#000000">Healthy Cooking Workshop <a href="#" onclick="goToByScroll('cook'); return false;" class="right"></a>
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Prevention measures - healthy cooking workshop and early detection glucose tests for Bedouins spouses
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        Prevention measures - healthy cooking workshop and early detection glucose tests for Bedouins spouses. Balanced nutrition and  early detection are key factors in preventing type 2 diabetes. </div>
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           <p>Some groups are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome, than others. All over the world, groups of indigenous people are far more likely to develop the disease due to a rapid urbanization process and the adoption of modern lifestyle. The Bedouins in Israel provide us with a no different story.<br>
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        Some groups are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than others. Such group could be any indigenous population who is far more likely to develop the disease due to a rapid urbanization process and the adoption of modern lifestyle. The Bedouins in Israel provide us with a no different story.<br>
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            Populations of Indigenous people all over the world have shifted from  traditional to modern-western lifestyle that includes less physical outdoor work, and increased consumption of industrial foods. This, in addition to low  socio-economic background, leads to today findings indigenous people, such as the Aborigines in Australia, suffer type 2 diabetes far more than any other group. <br>
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          Indigenous populations all over the world have shifted from traditional to modern-western lifestyle that includes less physical outdoor work, and increased consumption of industrial foods. This, with addition to low  socio-economic background, leads to today findings, as we can see that  indigenous, such as the Aborigines in Australia, suffer type 2 diabetes far more than any other group. <br>
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           <br><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c3/BGU14data_1.jpg"> <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c3/BGU14data_1.jpg" width="500px" style="border: thin solid;"  alt=""/></a><br><br>
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          The  Bedouins are an ancient indigenous subgroup within the Arab minority in Israel  with cultural, historical, social and political uniqueness, mostly located in  the Negev desert (southern Israel), very close to Ben-Gurion University. The  Bedouin community has changed drastically, once nomad tribes, now living in concrete houses in concrete cities. Urbanization and adopting modern lifestyle  pushed Bedouins to change their diet almost entirely, and abandon the nomad way  of life, leaving grazing and agricultural work to a more convenient city lifestyle. By meeting with Dr. Abu Rabia, the first Bedouin doctor in southern Israel who  was a tremendous source of knowledge, we have learned that this &quot;convenience&quot; led to a terrible yet amazing fact – in 1960, type 2 diabetes almost did not exist amongst the hard physical working Bedouins, while in 2002 findings show that the presence of the disease in the Bedouin community is significantly higher than in the Jewish sector and twice as much as any other peripheral group. In only 40 years, the Bedouins climbed all the way from the bottom, up to the top of the infamous list of type 2 diabetes risk groups.<strong></strong></p>
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        The  Bedouins are an ancient indigenous subgroup within the Arab minority in Israel  with cultural, historical, social and political uniqueness, mostly located in  the Negev (southern Israel), very close to Ben-Gurion University. The Bedouin community had been changed drastically, once nomad tribes, now live in concrete houses in concrete cities.  
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        Urbanization and adopting modern lifestyle pushed Bedouins to change their diet almost entirely, and abandon the nomad way of life, leaving grazing and agricultural work to a more convenient city lifestyle.<br>
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          By meeting with Dr. Abu Rabia, the first Bedouin doctor in southern Israel who was a tremendous source, we have learned that this &quot;convenience&quot; led to a terrible yet amazing fact –   in 1960, type 2 diabetes almost did not exist amongst the hard physical working Bedouins, while in 2002 findings show that the presence of the disease in the Bedouin community is significantly higher than in the Jewish sector and twice as much as any other peripheral group.  
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          In only 40 years, the Bedouins climbed all the way from the bottom, up to the top of the infamous list of type 2 diabetes risk groups.
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           Awareness is key, yet hard to find  in the Bedouin community. We can see how lack of awareness is reflected in many  Bedouin day-to-day habits, and by that, could drastically affect the failure of  prevention and development of type 2 diabetes. Until recently, being diabetic  was considered shameful in the Bedouin community. As a result, people prevented themselves from taking proper treatment. In a more religious manner, Bedouin  women tend to stay at home, and avoid being seen in any open-air activity, even a casual stroll in the streets. These cultural-religious habits and others add to the risk of developing the disease, which with the proper awareness could  improve the prevention and eventually lower the number of type 2 diabetes cases  amongst Bedouins. But even when Bedouin diabetics do go to clinics to get  medical care, many of them still refuse being treated with insulin, mostly due  to the perceived shame of that act.  
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           <p>Awareness is key, yet hard to find  in the Bedouin community. We can see how lack of awareness is reflected in many  Bedouin day-to-day habits, and by that, could drastically affect the failure of  prevention and development of type 2 diabetes. Until recently, being diabetic  was actually considered shameful in the Bedouin community. As a result, people actively avoided taking proper treatment. From a religious perspective, Bedouin women tend to stay at home, and avoid being seen in any open-air activity, even a casual stroll in the streets. These cultural-religious habits and others add to the risk of developing the disease, which with the proper awareness could  improve the prevention and eventually lower the number of type 2 diabetes cases  amongst Bedouins. But even when Bedouin diabetics do go to clinics to get  medical care, many of them still refuse being treated with insulin, mostly due  to the perceived shame of that act.<br>
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          <br>The Inner Doctor treatment (like the genetic engineering) is an advanced, more difficult to understand and accept by the patient. Providing the Inner Doctor solution could be much complicated in a community that rejects a basic insulin treatment, or fails to understand the daily lifestyle that could lead to diabetes, all due to lack of information and awareness. Therefore, we  understood that this fundamental obstacle has to be removed in order to have  the Bedouin more open and willing to use our solution, more aware of the  implications of diabetes and what causes it, and by that, take an action, first  towards prevention, and second, by getting the right treatment if needed. <div id="ambass" style="top:330px; position:relative;"></div> This  is the complete solution of the Inner Doctor.
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          The Inner Doctor treatment (like genetic engineering) is an advanced, more difficult to understand and accept by the patient. Providing the Inner Doctor solution could be much complicated in a community that rejects a basic insulin treatment, or fails to understand the daily lifestyle that could lead to diabetes, all due to lack of information and awareness. Therefore, we  understood that this fundamental obstacle has to be removed in order to have  the Bedouin more open and willing to use our solution, more aware of the  implications of diabetes and what causes it, and by that, take an action, first  towards prevention, and second, by getting the right treatment if needed. This  is the complete solution of the Inner Doctor.<span dir="RTL"> </span></p>
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         <div class="col2"><br>We organized a seminar for 40 Bedouin students in medical  professions, which received the knowledge and motivation to start taking action  and raise awareness for Diabetes in their communities. The lectures we  organized gave tools and inspired them to keep learning about this subject, and  we also handed out brochures in Arabic for them to share within their social  networks and communities. To make an everlasting effect, together with the Dean  of Students <em>Prof</em>.&nbsp;<em>Moshe</em>&nbsp;Kaspi we  successfully established scholarships (up to 70%) for about 8 students to volunteer in Diabetes Clinics in their communities: helping, treating and guiding patients, while learning much themselves and gaining experience in the process. We also met with the CEO of the diabetes association in Israel Mr. Moti Peralmuter and arranged a scholarship: a position for a Bedouin student as the branch manager of the association in the southern Negev.<br>
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          We organized a seminar for 40 Bedouin students in medical  professions, which received the knowledge and motivation to start taking action  and raise awareness for Diabetes in their communities. The lectures we  organized gave tools and inspired them to keep learning about this subject, and  we also handed out brochures in Arabic for them to share within their social  networks and communities. To make an everlasting effect, together with the Dean  of Students <em>Prof</em>.&nbsp;<em>Moshe</em>&nbsp;Kaspi we  successfully established scholarships (up to 70% of tuition) for 8 students who would volunteer in Diabetes Clinics in their communities: helping, treating and guiding patients, while learning themselves and gaining experience in the process. We also met with the CEO of the diabetes association in Israel Mr. Moti Peralmuter and arranged a scholarship: a position for a Bedouin student as the branch manager of the association in the southern Negev. <br>
          
          
<div style="width=120px; float:left; text-align:center; font-size:12px; font-weight:bold"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4c/BGU14sari.png" width="120px" style="border: thin solid;"  alt=""/><br>
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– 4th year Nursing student
– 4th year Nursing student
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<div style="font-size:14px; line-height:16px;"><b>&quot;As a Nursing student I was exposed to enormous proportions of diabetes  among the Bedouin sector. I was happy to help the iGEM BGU team making the  seminar happen for 2 reasons: to raise awareness among the younger generation  who will be able to bring great change in the Bedouin society,  and second, for  my opinion, the INNER DOCTOR solution can really help people who has diabetes  and metabolic syndrome&quot;.</b> </div>
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<div style="font-size:14px; line-height:16px;"><b>&quot;As a Nursing student I was exposed to enormous proportions of diabetes  among the Bedouin sector. I was happy to help the iGEM BGU team making the  seminar happen for 2 reasons: to raise awareness among the younger generation  who will be able to bring great change in the Bedouin society,  and second, for  my opinion, the INNER DOCTOR solution can really help people who have diabetes  and metabolic syndrome&quot;.</b> </div>
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   <p><strong>&quot;</strong><b>The scholarships for students volunteering in the diabetes clinics at  the Bedouin sector are no less than a revolution&quot;</b></p>
   <p><strong>&quot;</strong><b>The scholarships for students volunteering in the diabetes clinics at  the Bedouin sector are no less than a revolution&quot;</b></p>
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  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sic6bL-u2mU"><u>Watch the full video</u></a></div>
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  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sic6bL-u2mU&cc_load_policy=1"><u>Watch the full video</u></a></div>
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   <p>Finally, we met with the Director of BGU's School of Pharmacy in the Faculty of Health Sciences <a href="http://in.bgu.ac.il/en/Pages/news/riad_appointment.aspx" title="Prof. Riad Agbaria appointed as Advisor to Rector for Arab Student Affairs">Prof.&nbsp;<strong>Riad</strong>&nbsp;Agbaria</a> who was very enthusiastic about  the seminar and said he would organize a similar one next year.&nbsp; We received amazing feedback from the  participants who learned so much and were extremely satisfied. We got great  support from everyone who volunteered to help: university faculty members,  medical professionals whether a Doctor, nutritionist, or a nurse, they all came  and supported the cause on their day off. There was also a patient who came to  tell his personal story dealing with Diabetes, and we couldn't have done it  without a nursing student who helped make this day happened. </p><div id="cook"></div>
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   <p>Finally, we met with the Director of BGU's School of Pharmacy in the Faculty of Health Sciences <a href="http://in.bgu.ac.il/en/Pages/news/riad_appointment.aspx" title="Prof. Riad Agbaria appointed as Advisor to Rector for Arab Student Affairs">Prof.&nbsp;<strong>Riad</strong>&nbsp;Agbaria</a> who was very enthusiastic about  the seminar and said he would organize a similar one next year.&nbsp; We received amazing feedback from the  participants who learned so much and were extremely satisfied. We got great  support from everyone who volunteered to help: university faculty members,  medical professionals whether a Doctor, nutritionist, or a nurse, they all came  and supported the cause on their day off. There was also a patient who came to  tell his personal story dealing with Diabetes, and we couldn't have done it  without a nursing student who helped make this day happened. </p>
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         <br>Balanced nutrition is a key factor in keeping a  healthy lifestyle and inhibiting diseases, especially when talking about type 2  diabetes. In addition to our bio-engineered Inner Doctor, we set goals for a  more complete solution. One that will include a treatment, but just as  important, awareness for prevention steps of diabetes. With the corporation of  the Israeli Diabetes Association and a local&nbsp;clinic in Rahat, we have  organized a healthy cooking workshop and early detection glucose tests for  Bedouins spouses. Rahat is the largest Bedouin city in the world, and above all reflects the massive Bedouin urbanization process. The women who attended the occasion have at least one diabetic relative under their care.</div>
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        Balanced nutrition is a key factor in keeping a  healthy lifestyle and inhibiting diseases, especially when talking about type 2  diabetes. In addition to our bio-engineered Inner Doctor, we set goals for a  more complete solution. One that will include a treatment, but just as  important, awareness for prevention steps of diabetes. With the corporation of  the Israeli Diabetes Association and a local&nbsp;clinic in Rahat, we have  organized a healthy cooking workshop and early detection glucose tests for  Bedouins spouses. Rahat is the largest Bedouin city in the world, and above all reflects the massive Bedouin urbanization process. The women who attended the occasion all have at least one diabetic relative under their care. </div>
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        <p>During the workshop they got plenty of great tips on how to cook and consume healthily. With completion of the workshop, they all had the opportunity to be checked and diagnose their glucose level. It is important to understand that early diagnose is crucial, since once you get type 2 diabetes you cannot go back.  <br>
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        During the workshop they got plenty of great tips on how to cook and consume healthily. With completion of the workshop, they all had the opportunity to be checked and diagnose their glucose level. It is important to understand that early diagnose is crucial, since once you get type 2 diabetes you cannot go back.   
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          A major goal for this day was to create a  strong link between the clinic in Rahat and the Israeli Diabetes Association. That was gladly achieved as this day was announced to be an annual event from now on, which will continue promoting healthy cooking and early diagnose  awareness long time after the iGEM 2014 competition will end.</p><div id="gallery1" style="position:relative; bottom:30px"></div>
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      A major goal for this day was to create a strong link between the clinic in Rahat and the Israeli Diabetes Association.That was gladly achieved as this day was announced to be an annual event from now on, which will continue promoting healthy cooking and early diagnose  <div id="gallery1"></div>awareness long  time after the iGEM 2014 competition will end.
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         <li><span dir="LTR"> </span>2 big events within the Bedouin community, in order to provide necessary knowledge and raise awareness and motivation for saving lives by taking an action.</li><br>
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         <li><span dir="LTR"> </span> We arranged 2 big events within the Bedouin community, in order to provide necessary knowledge and raise awareness and motivation for saving lives by taking an action.</li><br>
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         <li><span dir="LTR"> </span>New scholarships for 8 Bedouin students who will volunteer in the diabetes clinics in the community.</li><br>
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         <li><span dir="LTR"> </span> We managed to create new scholarships for 8 Bedouin students who will volunteer in the diabetes clinics in the community.</li><br>
         <li><span dir="LTR"> </span>A scholarship for a Bedouin student, in order to open, for the first  time, a branch of  the Israeli Diabetes Association in Rahat </li><br>
         <li><span dir="LTR"> </span>A scholarship for a Bedouin student, in order to open, for the first  time, a branch of  the Israeli Diabetes Association in Rahat </li><br>
         <li><span dir="LTR"> </span>Strong cooperation with DR. Younes Abu  Rabia and other experts in the diabetes field in the Bedouin  sector. </li><br>
         <li><span dir="LTR"> </span>Strong cooperation with DR. Younes Abu  Rabia and other experts in the diabetes field in the Bedouin  sector. </li><br>
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         It was important to us to learn about the Bedouin society and understand the causes for the high rate of diabetics in the community when comparing to the Jewish sector. Therefore, we have consulted with experts within the society itself and mapped the barriers for making a real change.
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         It was important to us to learn about the Bedouin society and understand the causes for the high rate of diabetics in the community when compared to other sectors. Therefore, we have consulted with experts within the society itself and mapped the barriers for making a real change.
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We discovered a major problem of awareness, and lack of motivation to take action and save lives.</div>
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      All the events that we organize had a goal of dealing with these barriers and set the ground for a more open-minded treatment (like our Inner Doctor) that might be implemented in the future. We wanted to avoid one-time events, and for that we involved potential partners along the way, who will be willing to continue the cooperation and execute more events long after the competition.
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      All the events that we organize had a goal of dealing with these barriers and set the ground for a more open-minded treatment (like our Inner Doctor) that might be implemented in the future. We wanted to avoid one-time events, and for that we involved potential partners along the way, who will be willing to continue the cooperation and execute more events long after the competition.
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Latest revision as of 22:36, 17 October 2014

Overview


Problem: High risk of developing type 2 diabetes amongst indigenous populations.
Goal: Working together with the Bedouin community to raise awareness for type 2 diabetes, in order to lead them to take prevention measures, and learn about our vision for a synthetic biology solution.

Metabolic Ambassador


Diabetes seminar for Bedouin students in different medical study fields. Providing the students with great knowledge and tools, so they will carry the message, raise awareness for diabetes in their community, and motivate people to start taking action.

Healthy Cooking Workshop


Prevention measures - healthy cooking workshop and early detection glucose tests for Bedouins spouses. Balanced nutrition and early detection are key factors in preventing type 2 diabetes.

Check Out the Gallery

Check Out Our Achievements

Overview

Some groups are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome, than others. All over the world, groups of indigenous people are far more likely to develop the disease due to a rapid urbanization process and the adoption of modern lifestyle. The Bedouins in Israel provide us with a no different story.
Populations of Indigenous people all over the world have shifted from traditional to modern-western lifestyle that includes less physical outdoor work, and increased consumption of industrial foods. This, in addition to low socio-economic background, leads to today findings – indigenous people, such as the Aborigines in Australia, suffer type 2 diabetes far more than any other group.



The Bedouins are an ancient indigenous subgroup within the Arab minority in Israel with cultural, historical, social and political uniqueness, mostly located in the Negev desert (southern Israel), very close to Ben-Gurion University. The Bedouin community has changed drastically, once nomad tribes, now living in concrete houses in concrete cities. Urbanization and adopting modern lifestyle pushed Bedouins to change their diet almost entirely, and abandon the nomad way of life, leaving grazing and agricultural work to a more convenient city lifestyle. By meeting with Dr. Abu Rabia, the first Bedouin doctor in southern Israel who was a tremendous source of knowledge, we have learned that this "convenience" led to a terrible yet amazing fact – in 1960, type 2 diabetes almost did not exist amongst the hard physical working Bedouins, while in 2002 findings show that the presence of the disease in the Bedouin community is significantly higher than in the Jewish sector and twice as much as any other peripheral group. In only 40 years, the Bedouins climbed all the way from the bottom, up to the top of the infamous list of type 2 diabetes risk groups.




Awareness is key, yet hard to find in the Bedouin community. We can see how lack of awareness is reflected in many Bedouin day-to-day habits, and by that, could drastically affect the failure of prevention and development of type 2 diabetes. Until recently, being diabetic was actually considered shameful in the Bedouin community. As a result, people actively avoided taking proper treatment. From a religious perspective, Bedouin women tend to stay at home, and avoid being seen in any open-air activity, even a casual stroll in the streets. These cultural-religious habits and others add to the risk of developing the disease, which with the proper awareness could improve the prevention and eventually lower the number of type 2 diabetes cases amongst Bedouins. But even when Bedouin diabetics do go to clinics to get medical care, many of them still refuse being treated with insulin, mostly due to the perceived shame of that act.
The Inner Doctor treatment (like genetic engineering) is an advanced, more difficult to understand and accept by the patient. Providing the Inner Doctor solution could be much complicated in a community that rejects a basic insulin treatment, or fails to understand the daily lifestyle that could lead to diabetes, all due to lack of information and awareness. Therefore, we understood that this fundamental obstacle has to be removed in order to have the Bedouin more open and willing to use our solution, more aware of the implications of diabetes and what causes it, and by that, take an action, first towards prevention, and second, by getting the right treatment if needed. This is the complete solution of the Inner Doctor.


Metabolic Ambassador


We organized a seminar for 40 Bedouin students in medical professions, which received the knowledge and motivation to start taking action and raise awareness for Diabetes in their communities. The lectures we organized gave tools and inspired them to keep learning about this subject, and we also handed out brochures in Arabic for them to share within their social networks and communities. To make an everlasting effect, together with the Dean of Students ProfMoshe Kaspi we successfully established scholarships (up to 70% of tuition) for 8 students who would volunteer in Diabetes Clinics in their communities: helping, treating and guiding patients, while learning themselves and gaining experience in the process. We also met with the CEO of the diabetes association in Israel Mr. Moti Peralmuter and arranged a scholarship: a position for a Bedouin student as the branch manager of the association in the southern Negev.

Sari Abu Saluk
– 4th year Nursing student
"As a Nursing student I was exposed to enormous proportions of diabetes among the Bedouin sector. I was happy to help the iGEM BGU team making the seminar happen for 2 reasons: to raise awareness among the younger generation who will be able to bring great change in the Bedouin society, and second, for my opinion, the INNER DOCTOR solution can really help people who have diabetes and metabolic syndrome".


Dr. Younes Abu Rabia -
addressing the scholarship:

"The scholarships for students volunteering in the diabetes clinics at the Bedouin sector are no less than a revolution"

  Watch the full video

Finally, we met with the Director of BGU's School of Pharmacy in the Faculty of Health Sciences Prof. Riad Agbaria who was very enthusiastic about the seminar and said he would organize a similar one next year.  We received amazing feedback from the participants who learned so much and were extremely satisfied. We got great support from everyone who volunteered to help: university faculty members, medical professionals whether a Doctor, nutritionist, or a nurse, they all came and supported the cause on their day off. There was also a patient who came to tell his personal story dealing with Diabetes, and we couldn't have done it without a nursing student who helped make this day happened.

Healthy Cooking Workshop


Balanced nutrition is a key factor in keeping a healthy lifestyle and inhibiting diseases, especially when talking about type 2 diabetes. In addition to our bio-engineered Inner Doctor, we set goals for a more complete solution. One that will include a treatment, but just as important, awareness for prevention steps of diabetes. With the corporation of the Israeli Diabetes Association and a local clinic in Rahat, we have organized a healthy cooking workshop and early detection glucose tests for Bedouins spouses. Rahat is the largest Bedouin city in the world, and above all reflects the massive Bedouin urbanization process. The women who attended the occasion all have at least one diabetic relative under their care.

During the workshop they got plenty of great tips on how to cook and consume healthily. With completion of the workshop, they all had the opportunity to be checked and diagnose their glucose level. It is important to understand that early diagnose is crucial, since once you get type 2 diabetes you cannot go back. 
A major goal for this day was to create a strong link between the clinic in Rahat and the Israeli Diabetes Association. That was gladly achieved as this day was announced to be an annual event from now on, which will continue promoting healthy cooking and early diagnose awareness long time after the iGEM 2014 competition will end.

Gallery

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Achievements


  • We arranged 2 big events within the Bedouin community, in order to provide necessary knowledge and raise awareness and motivation for saving lives by taking an action.

  • We managed to create new scholarships for 8 Bedouin students who will volunteer in the diabetes clinics in the community.

  • A scholarship for a Bedouin student, in order to open, for the first time, a branch of  the Israeli Diabetes Association in Rahat

  • Strong cooperation with DR. Younes Abu Rabia and other experts in the diabetes field in the Bedouin sector.

  • Large scale exposure of the iGEM competition and our Inner Doctor project among Bedouins in southern Israel.

It was important to us to learn about the Bedouin society and understand the causes for the high rate of diabetics in the community when compared to other sectors. Therefore, we have consulted with experts within the society itself and mapped the barriers for making a real change. We discovered a major problem of awareness, and lack of motivation to take action and save lives.

All the events that we organize had a goal of dealing with these barriers and set the ground for a more open-minded treatment (like our Inner Doctor) that might be implemented in the future. We wanted to avoid one-time events, and for that we involved potential partners along the way, who will be willing to continue the cooperation and execute more events long after the competition.

Sources

http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/34/6/1249.full

http://www.e-med.co.il/emed/new/usersite/presentations/eyal/messages.asp

http://www.sukeret.co.il/newsite/news2.asp?info_id=4309

Zhiqiang Wang et al. Incidence of type 2 diabetes in Aboriginal Australians: an 11-year prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10: 487

Discussions with Dr. Younes Abu Rabia and Yasmin Association