WatsOn

WatsOn

Part of the biosensor system Cellock Holmes are our agar chips. They contain our engineered sensing cells that fluoresce in the presence of the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, bacteria are small and the fluorescent signal cannot be seen with the naked eye. Thus the central question "What's on the chip?" remains.

To answer this question we present our measurement device WatsOn.

The device can incubate the sensing cells, take images and analyze them.

WatsOn is designed such that it can be easily copied. Our work heavily emphasizes the Open Source concept. Therefore, the construction manual and all technical detailes are published on our wiki. Analogous to our OD/F Device, we used low-cost and easily available parts.

Application

How to use WatsOn This scheme illustrates handling WatsOn when testing the 2D biosensor chip for a fluorescent signal.

Hardware

Hardware components From top left to bottom right: Arduino, Peltier element, Raspberry Pi, relay, cables, MOSFET, temperature display, camera, LEDs and resistors.

Our hardware consists of the casing and the electronical components. The casing which can be seen in the first section was build from laser cutted acrylic glass.

The electronic circuit is a combination of the components displayed in the image above. We combined the Raspberry Pi - a small single-board computer running a Linux operating system - and an Arduino board which is a programmable microcontroller. The Arduino operates the excitation LEDs and a Peltier heater for incubation. For taking images of the sensor chips we used the Raspberry Pi camera module which is directly connected to the board.

A detailed description of all components and the wiring can be found in the Engineering section of our Notebook.

Software

image taken with the camera	analyzed image

The software is responsible for presenting a user interface on the display of the device and to take images with the LED wavelength selected by the user. Therefore it is separated into three single components: the graphical user interface (GUI) with a backend script running on the Raspberry Pi and the code on the Arduino board.
The GUI(left image) provides the user with the option to take a single image or a time lapse shooting and specify parameters for the camera and the wavelength of the LEDs. The wavelength used in our device are 480nm for GFP and 450nm for iLOV. Furthermore the images are analysed for the presence or absence of P. aeruginosa by analysing the image and providing the user with a visual feedback (right image). All taken images can be saved to disk manually for single images and automatically for time lapse shootings.
Further details on the software including the backend which gives the possibility of using the GUI remotely on a different device (e.g. notebook) in the same local network can be found here [1].

Measurarty

SRM component of our image analysis component Measurarty SRM is one of the core components of our image analysis approach. This image shows the different regions created.

Measurarty is the image analysis software of our device and is designed to allow an automatic segmentation and classification of our agar chip pictures. Therefore, it expects as input an image from WatsOn, and produces an output image with pathogenic regions marked in red.

This component mainly focuses on recognizing pathogens early, such that pure thresholding is not necessary. We therefore designed a pipeline and established a smoothness index to make statements about the pathogenity of a chip as early as possible, but also with as much certainty as possible.

A sample output of the segmentation is presented below, showing that the pipeline works as intended.

Achievements

When developing WatsOn our goal was to build a system that

• incubates the sensing cells and the sampling chip
• illuminates the chip with the right excitation wavelength for our fluorescence proteins
• takes photos and time lapse shootings of the chips
• uses cheap filter slides to block the light emitted from the LEDs
• analyzes the fluorescence signal
• gives feedback to the user about the presence or absence of P. aeruginosa through a GUI (graphical user interface)
• prevents escape of potentially sampled pathogens and our genetically engineered cells
• is portable and fast in analyzing the images

With our final device we achieved all goals we set in the beginning. WatsOn is housed in a closed casing and is able to take images and time lapse shooting using LEDs with required wavelengths, analyze the image and visualize the result.

All technical details including laser cutting plans, the list of needed components, sourcecodes for the different software and a building instruction are open-source and available on our wiki[2].