Team:York/Project

From 2014.igem.org

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Thanks a lot to the 2011 Brown-Stanford and 2012 Lethbridge iGEM teams for snippets of their code!
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https://2011.igem.org/Team:Brown-Stanford,https://2012.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge
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<h1 >WELCOME TO iGEM 2014! </h1>
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<p>Your team has been approved and you are ready to start the iGEM season!
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<br>On this page you can document your project, introduce your team members, document your progress <br> and share your iGEM experience with the rest of the world! </p>
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<br>
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<p style="color:#E7E7E7"> <a href="https://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:York/Project&action=edit"style="color:#FFFFFF"> Click here  to edit this page!</a> </p>
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<a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York"style="color:#000000">Home </a> </td>
 
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<a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Team"style="color:#000000"> Team </a> </td>
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<a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2014&team_name=York"style="color:#000000"> Official Team Profile </a></td>
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<a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Project"style="color:#000000"> Project</a></td>
 
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<a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Attributions"style="color:#000000"> Attributions </a></td>
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<br>
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<h3>References </h3>
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iGEM teams are encouraged to record references you use during the course of your research. They should be posted somewhere on your wiki so that judges and other visitors can see how you though about your project and what works inspired you. </p>
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It's important for teams to describe all the creativity that goes into an iGEM project, along with all the great ideas your team will come up with over the course of your work.  
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It's also important to clearly describe your achievements so that judges will know what you tried to do and where you succeeded. Please write your project page such that what you achieved is easy to distinguish from what you attempted.  
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<a href="#" class="yorknav"><li class="yorknav" id="Sponsors">Sponsors</li></a>
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<a href="#" class="yorknav"><li class="yorknav" id="Project">Project</li></a>
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<h3>Our Project</h3>
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<p>Portman Bay is an area in South-east Spain. It is about 10 x 5 km and contains one of the highest densities of galena concentrations in Spain. Open pit mining for galena (Pb-Zn) and sphalerite (ZnS) began in the 1960s. Pyrate (FeS2) also taken as a product for industrial production of sulphuric acid. <br><br>
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The mining carried out was open-pit. This meant that the minerals were blasted from the ground using explosives. The rock collected was then crushed, milled, and processed in a plant. The processing involved separating the useful minerals (concentrates) from the rest (tailings) through a process called froth flotation. The concentrates could then be sent to the smelter while the tailings were disposed of. The tailings can make up 95% of the original material. Usually the tailings will be disposed of in a specially designed impoundment plant. <br><br>
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However, in Portman Bay, there was no room for an impoundment plant to be built. At the time, this problem was got around, simply by pumping the waste from the plant straight into the bay. Between the years 1957 and 1990 when it was finally shut down, 50 million tons of tailings were pumped into the bay.<br><br>
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The separation processes at the Portman Bay plant were not 100% efficient and though some pyrite was removed for industrial use, the content of pyrite in the tailings exceeded 10%. Small but significant quantities of the other minerals being mined also ended up in the tailings. The tailings themselves also contain high concentrations of metals known to be toxic including zinc, lead and arsenic. The combination of pyrate with the other sulphates causes serious problems as they react to produce environmentally hazardous products. The layers of rock underneath Portman bay are rich in carbonate and this reacts to consume some but not all of the sulphuric acid produced.<br><br>
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Studies in the area show the serious impacts this is having on the local wildlife. The main problems are caused by the leaching of metals from the soil. Fish in the area accumulate the highest lead, mercury and arsenic levels, and mussels, the highest lead, cadmium and mercury levels on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Biodiversity is suffering as many larval species cannot develop properly in the environment. Marine communities are becoming overwhelmed by the few species able to survive and the future ecological impacts are unknown.<br><br></p>
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</div></div>
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</div>

Revision as of 19:52, 27 August 2014

Our Project

Portman Bay is an area in South-east Spain. It is about 10 x 5 km and contains one of the highest densities of galena concentrations in Spain. Open pit mining for galena (Pb-Zn) and sphalerite (ZnS) began in the 1960s. Pyrate (FeS2) also taken as a product for industrial production of sulphuric acid.

The mining carried out was open-pit. This meant that the minerals were blasted from the ground using explosives. The rock collected was then crushed, milled, and processed in a plant. The processing involved separating the useful minerals (concentrates) from the rest (tailings) through a process called froth flotation. The concentrates could then be sent to the smelter while the tailings were disposed of. The tailings can make up 95% of the original material. Usually the tailings will be disposed of in a specially designed impoundment plant.

However, in Portman Bay, there was no room for an impoundment plant to be built. At the time, this problem was got around, simply by pumping the waste from the plant straight into the bay. Between the years 1957 and 1990 when it was finally shut down, 50 million tons of tailings were pumped into the bay.

The separation processes at the Portman Bay plant were not 100% efficient and though some pyrite was removed for industrial use, the content of pyrite in the tailings exceeded 10%. Small but significant quantities of the other minerals being mined also ended up in the tailings. The tailings themselves also contain high concentrations of metals known to be toxic including zinc, lead and arsenic. The combination of pyrate with the other sulphates causes serious problems as they react to produce environmentally hazardous products. The layers of rock underneath Portman bay are rich in carbonate and this reacts to consume some but not all of the sulphuric acid produced.

Studies in the area show the serious impacts this is having on the local wildlife. The main problems are caused by the leaching of metals from the soil. Fish in the area accumulate the highest lead, mercury and arsenic levels, and mussels, the highest lead, cadmium and mercury levels on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Biodiversity is suffering as many larval species cannot develop properly in the environment. Marine communities are becoming overwhelmed by the few species able to survive and the future ecological impacts are unknown.

Retrieved from "http://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Project"