Team:SCUT/HP/Magazine/iGEM People

From 2014.igem.org

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The Story of Our Team Leader
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Scientists Move Closer to Inventing Artificial Life>科学家真的做出了人造生命？
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It is reported that an international team has inserted a man-made chromosome into brewer's yeast, producing a life form that thrives and successfully passes the designer genes on to its offspring.
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1.fight for IGEM
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SCUT students won two gold medals and one silver in the Asia division’, seven students from  ’SCUT-BGI genome innovative science institute’participate in ‘BGIC_ATCG’ and ‘ BGIC_0101’。And both of them perform outstandingly and won the gold medal in Asia division while these two teams both make the iGEM  finals which was hold in MIT in 1st November 2013. What’s more, SCUT won silver medal via their first participation which is a breakthrough in the college. In the team, a handsome young boy worked day after day and persisted in the scientific road. Who is he?——2014 iGEM-SCUT leader Zhang Junjie.
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据报道，一支由各国科学家组成的科研队伍近日将人造染色体成功导入啤酒酵母（我们常喝的青岛啤酒、珠江啤酒都是由靠这种重要的可食用菌发酵产生的哦!!!）内，创造出了可以独立健康成长并可将改造后的基因传给子孙后代的一种生命体形式。这一实验结果意味着人类在创造生命的路途上迈出了重要的第一步。下面我们就来具体看看这一全新生命体是如何被创造出来的。
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Chromosomes are the packages for genes. In plants, animals, and fungi like yeast, they are contained within a cell nucleus, which simpler microbes like bacteria do not have. People have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and yeasts have 16. Best known for their role in baking bread and brewing beer, yeasts share about a third of their genes with people.
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2.Bring iGEM to SCUT
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Junjie studied in Heyuan Zijin High School before he took the national university entrance examination in 2009 and chose bioengineering as his major in South China University of Technology with an excellent performance. When he first entered the college, like many other students specializing in biology, he had a negative impression of the future of biology and started to the preparation for transferring to another major. But a conference changed his mind and he made up his mind to do something great in biology. That was the orientation week, the dean of the biology school，Wang Xiaoning introduced an innovative pattern to the bachelor students——‘SCUT-BGI’which studied bioinformatics. Effected by Professor Wang, he decided to work harder expecting to join in the class. Owing to his study in BGI, he had an intimate contact with iGEM, and finally he introduced this chagelling competition into SCUT..
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染色体是基因的集中体。在植物、动物和真菌等真核生物中，染色体存在于细胞核中；而在简单低等的原核生物如细菌，染色体和细胞核都是不存在的。相对于人类的23对染色体，用于酿酒和制作面包的酵母只有16对，并且酵母基因的三分之一都是人类基因中可以找到的。
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In his sophomore year, he studied in the innovative class as his wish, and started his one year research in the BGI institute. Through this year’s study, he participate in many projects, including Method and Device for  Detecting Microdeletion in Chromosome STS Area etc, applied four patents, one international patent and two paper still writing included. What’s more, he represented ShenZhen BGI and participate in 2012 iGEM .
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Early in 2013, he returned to his Alma Mater and start to introduced iGEM to every students as well as recruit 2013 iGEM team member. After several week’s hard working, he established the first iGEM team. Last summer vacation, he and his team members worded in the lab, without holiday, lad, air conditioner, Internet, even worse the limitation of equipment and material. So, they had to borrow other students lab and at the last detection of the experiment he stayed up for two nights. Finally, the team achieve the satisfactory results and won the silver medal in iGEM Asia division in October. From then on , iGEM started to have a significant influence on SCUT.
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（Pic 1 The budding yeast is just like roast photo with delicious sausage.
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图为正在出芽的啤酒酵母,看起来像不像一个土豆盖着许多片烤香肠呢？
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嘿嘿，是不是又饿了^_^）
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3.The anecdotes
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Tolerant of genetic tinkering, yeast played a role in a previous synthetic biology breakthrough, when scientists led by J. Craig Venter assembled the first artificial bacterial genome inside yeast cells in 2009. And man-made DNA strips cooked up inside yeasts, so-called yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), have been used to make gene maps for decades. Yeast was one of the first organisms to have its entire genome sequenced, in 1996.
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由于对基因改造有很好的耐受性，酵母在以往合成生物学的重大突破中都扮演了很重要的角色。2009年，以J.Craig Venter为首的科学家们在酵母细胞中组建了第一个人工细菌基因。另外，酵母中的某些DNA被人工敲除（使酵母中原有的一些可以表达的基因沉默不能表达，从而抑制相关生物功能），改造成为酵母人造染色体（YAC），多年来都被用作构建基因图谱。1996年，酵母成为第一个被全部测序的有机体。
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Actually, iGEMer’s life is full of fun, we will introduce two funny stories about our group leader Zhang Junjie.
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The new study's "synIII" artificial chromosome implanted into brewer's yeast builds on this legacy. It crowns a seven-year "Build a Genome" project that involved more than 60 biologists in its assembly.
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In the normal time, he is a generous and casual person. He often watches movies, plays the card games, and plays the badminton. He is easygoing and willing to help the juniors. And his nickname is ‘sis pili’.
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这项将“synIII”人造染色体植入啤酒酵母中的研究全部建立在上述基础上。它被称为“7年构建一个基因组”项目，共有60多位生物学家参与它的构建。
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Speaking of the origin of his nickname, it’s a dark history, but related to our design of experiment. First, ’junjie’ is the pinyin of his name but when you type in the computer ‘sis bacteria’ shows in the bar that’s why we all call it sis bacteria. But why changed it into ‘sis pili’, there are two versions. The first one is related to project which we designed to reform pili and after the permit of our professor Li Shuang and Junjie we start to call it sis pili. As the second, we kept it as a secret.
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Essentially, the study researchers created a stripped-down, but still functional, third chromosome of brewer's yeast, which contains about 2.5 percent of the organism's total genes.
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从本质上讲，这项研究的研究人员创造了一个更为精简但功能齐全的含有三分之一的原有染色体和2.5%基因总量的啤酒酵母。
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What’s more, junjie fell into love with one of our team member yaoyao.
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“This is a major step towards being able to design completely novel organisms," says Todd Kuiken of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. "The research team has created what some might call the first synthetic cell that was designed, built and reproduced without a host cell present," he says.
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“这是迈向设计出全新生物体的重要一步。“华盛顿特区Woodrow Wilson国际学者中心的Todd Kuiken说，“研究小组已经创造出第一个合成细胞，它能够不需要宿主细胞的存在而自主设计、构建和复制。”
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This winter vacation, iGEMer returned to school very early, and started to design our project. Life seemed simple and boring, every member sat together discussing the projects and papers. Because we lack of the profound knowledge of biology and the limitation of English level, we took long to finish reading one paper.
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Still awaiting scientists is the assembly of a complete artificial genome: man-made versions of all the chromosomes in a plant or animal.
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仍有待科学家们完成的是一个完整的人造基因组的组装构建：所有动植物的人造基因组。
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During this time, we needed to report every three days and shared ideas with others or ask junjie for help. Among these people, yaoyao is the most hard-working one, after the project design and training of experiment technique, yaoyao cooperate very well with junjie all the time and that makes them good partners. Finally, in a May night, leader showed his love, and they start a stable relationship.
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Ideally, synthetic biology will produce microbes with specific genetic codes embedded to cheaply churn out renewable fuels or medicines such as the antimalarial drug artemisinin.
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Nowadays, our team encounters a intensive situation, and this couple guide the team to achieve our goal. Wish the SCUT team could overcome all the difficulties and win the gold medal！
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科学家的理想是，合成生物学能够创造出植入特定基因的工程菌，这些工程菌可以廉价生产出可再生燃料和像抗疟药青蒿素这样的高成本药物。
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Revision as of 19:12, 17 October 2014

Scientists Move Closer to Inventing Artificial Life>科学家真的做出了人造生命？

It is reported that an international team has inserted a man-made chromosome into brewer's yeast, producing a life form that thrives and successfully passes the designer genes on to its offspring.

据报道，一支由各国科学家组成的科研队伍近日将人造染色体成功导入啤酒酵母（我们常喝的青岛啤酒、珠江啤酒都是由靠这种重要的可食用菌发酵产生的哦!!!）内，创造出了可以独立健康成长并可将改造后的基因传给子孙后代的一种生命体形式。这一实验结果意味着人类在创造生命的路途上迈出了重要的第一步。下面我们就来具体看看这一全新生命体是如何被创造出来的。

Chromosomes are the packages for genes. In plants, animals, and fungi like yeast, they are contained within a cell nucleus, which simpler microbes like bacteria do not have. People have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and yeasts have 16. Best known for their role in baking bread and brewing beer, yeasts share about a third of their genes with people.

染色体是基因的集中体。在植物、动物和真菌等真核生物中，染色体存在于细胞核中；而在简单低等的原核生物如细菌，染色体和细胞核都是不存在的。相对于人类的23对染色体，用于酿酒和制作面包的酵母只有16对，并且酵母基因的三分之一都是人类基因中可以找到的。

（Pic 1 The budding yeast is just like roast photo with delicious sausage. 图为正在出芽的啤酒酵母,看起来像不像一个土豆盖着许多片烤香肠呢？ 嘿嘿，是不是又饿了^_^）

Tolerant of genetic tinkering, yeast played a role in a previous synthetic biology breakthrough, when scientists led by J. Craig Venter assembled the first artificial bacterial genome inside yeast cells in 2009. And man-made DNA strips cooked up inside yeasts, so-called yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), have been used to make gene maps for decades. Yeast was one of the first organisms to have its entire genome sequenced, in 1996.

由于对基因改造有很好的耐受性，酵母在以往合成生物学的重大突破中都扮演了很重要的角色。2009年，以J.Craig Venter为首的科学家们在酵母细胞中组建了第一个人工细菌基因。另外，酵母中的某些DNA被人工敲除（使酵母中原有的一些可以表达的基因沉默不能表达，从而抑制相关生物功能），改造成为酵母人造染色体（YAC），多年来都被用作构建基因图谱。1996年，酵母成为第一个被全部测序的有机体。

The new study's "synIII" artificial chromosome implanted into brewer's yeast builds on this legacy. It crowns a seven-year "Build a Genome" project that involved more than 60 biologists in its assembly. 这项将“synIII”人造染色体植入啤酒酵母中的研究全部建立在上述基础上。它被称为“7年构建一个基因组”项目，共有60多位生物学家参与它的构建。

Essentially, the study researchers created a stripped-down, but still functional, third chromosome of brewer's yeast, which contains about 2.5 percent of the organism's total genes. 从本质上讲，这项研究的研究人员创造了一个更为精简但功能齐全的含有三分之一的原有染色体和2.5%基因总量的啤酒酵母。

“This is a major step towards being able to design completely novel organisms," says Todd Kuiken of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. "The research team has created what some might call the first synthetic cell that was designed, built and reproduced without a host cell present," he says. “这是迈向设计出全新生物体的重要一步。“华盛顿特区Woodrow Wilson国际学者中心的Todd Kuiken说，“研究小组已经创造出第一个合成细胞，它能够不需要宿主细胞的存在而自主设计、构建和复制。”

Still awaiting scientists is the assembly of a complete artificial genome: man-made versions of all the chromosomes in a plant or animal. 仍有待科学家们完成的是一个完整的人造基因组的组装构建：所有动植物的人造基因组。

Ideally, synthetic biology will produce microbes with specific genetic codes embedded to cheaply churn out renewable fuels or medicines such as the antimalarial drug artemisinin.

科学家的理想是，合成生物学能够创造出植入特定基因的工程菌，这些工程菌可以廉价生产出可再生燃料和像抗疟药青蒿素这样的高成本药物。

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