Let's Talk Science

In an effort to extend our reach into our university and city communities, the University of Ottawa iGEM Human Practices Team partnered up with Let's Talk Science for the 2014 season. Let's Talk Science is an award-winning, national organization that creates and delivers programs to engage youth and educators in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). As a team, we recognized that our interests as Policy and Practices overlapped with the interests of Let's Talk Science in educating youth about the possibilities that science, including the field of synthetic biology, brings. We established communication with the Ottawa Chapter of Let's Talk Science and a great partnership was established for the 2014 season.

Through our collaboration with LTS, we were able to set up an iGEM station at the Let’s Talk Science Challenge, an annual event that brings together a large group of students from Grades 6, 7 and 8. These students participate in a science trivia competition for the first half of the day and face-off in a design challenge later in the day. By setting up a station at this event in Ottawa, we were able to reach tens of elementary-aged students and introduce them to the concepts of synthetic biology in a fun and engaging manner (see below). In return, our iGEM Team members volunteered their time to help score both the trivia competition and the design challenge.

Our booth at the Let's Talk Science challenge, featuring Mr. Cool's Microscopic Adventures books (uOttawa iGEM Human Practices 2013), a Think Challenge that asked participating young students to think of the craziest idea synthetic biology could help us achieve and a bracelet-making activity that was based on a 'DNA code' where different colour beads represented the base pairs in amino acid codons.

Furthermore, in the context of this partnership, a few members of our Human Practices Team were able to participate in a training workshop offered by Let's Talk Science to improve their skills as youth science educators. This served to enhance our ability to communicate science concepts to the general public, specifically to a young audience.

As an established organization in the Ottawa community, Let's Talk Science had prior contact with elementary, middle and high schools across the city. They were able to advertise our offer of synthetic biology-oriented presentations to these schools and the response was huge and immediate.

Classroom Presentations

In addition to participating in Let's Talk Science and community events, our collaboration with Let's Talk Science also allowed us to extend our outreach to students in public schools. This is profound because the classroom setting allows us to teach students in an environment of learning where distractions, such as those present at community events, are minimal. And the earlier students are exposed to synthetic biology and science in general, the less time they have had to have been influenced by the plethora of misconceptions about science that are circulating in the public sphere. Very often adults assume that young children are incapable of grasping or appreciating the beauty and elegance of scientific ideas but they could not be more wrong. In fact, children's minds are far more open than those of adults allowing them to circumvent the problem altogether.

We discovered that teachers whole-heartedly agree with our sentiments about presenting synthetic biology to students early on, after receiving dozens of requests to give in-class presentations within the first few days of having our presentations advertised by Let's Talk Science. Despite the fact that we were not able to meet an overwhelming demand for presentations, we managed to reach several elementary and middle schools and the response from the teachers and students was resoundingly positive. Students' questions were never-ending and the teachers' feedback always included a request to return and do more activities.

During the one-month period that we had to plan and carry out the activities, we managed to do three presentations at three different schools and received wonderful feedback from all three schools. Once schools open up again this September, we will resume our activities in the classrooms to allow us to reach an even greater number of students.

Fairs and Festivals

Engineering Family Fair Day (University of Ottawa)

In March 2014, as part of National Engineering Month, the University of Ottawa organized the Engineering Family Fair Day. Multiple booths featured tools and activities to showcase engineering to the general public, including young kids. The uOttawa iGEM team was invited to participate and we set up a booth of our own where we displayed our children's book (Human Practices Project 2013) and guided participants through multiple activities including DNA base pair matching exercises and "DNA bracelet" making. We even talked to some young students about possible careers in synthetic biology and related fields.

The Ottawa International Children’s Festival

In May 2014, the uOttawa iGEM Team ran educational science activities at the International Children's Festival in Ottawa. Children of various ages visited our table to read Mr. Cool's Microscopic Adventures and make bracelets spelling their names based on a DNA/amino acid code! Throughout the day, we were able to disseminate fundamental biological concepts such as mitosis, meiosis and amino acid code to the students. The students were extremely receptive to the novel ideas that the activities offered. Both parents and students found the activities to be unique and creative, which made the science not only detailed but fun as well.

The Mayfair Community Carnival

Every year, Farley Mowat Public School in Ottawa hosts the Mayfair carnival and invites families from across Ottawa to take part. Over the years, the Mayfair has grown from a small school fundraiser to a community-wide, must-attend event. This year, the uOttawa iGEM Team was there to run activities for kids and talk to the families about iGEM and synthetic biology. We prepared fact sheets about our iGEM Team and handed them out to attendees. We chatted with the parents as the kids enjoyed making DNA out of marshmallow and candy, among other activities. Our booth was a huge hit and it was so rewarding to see the looks of awe on the kids' faces as they twisted the DNA double helix they had just constructed.

We also had the pleasure of chatting with the Mayor of Ottawa, Mr. Jim Watson, who attended the carnival and visited our booth.

Enrichment Mini-Courses Program

The Enrichment Mini-Courses Program offers talented middle school and high school students from Eastern Ontario and Western Quebec the opportunity to explore a field of interest in a university setting. Each year, nearly 3000 students participate in this weeklong program and the University of Ottawa is a major participating post-secondary institution. This year, the uOttawa iGEM team did three presentations as part of EMCP courses. We did presentations in both English and French versions of the "Detectives in Genes/Jeans" course and a presentation in "The Wonderful World of Electronic Imaging." Our presentations featured activities such as DNA extraction from strawberries, exploration of synthetic gene network design using Lego and building marshmallow animals to learn about meiosis. Throughout the course of these presentations, we reached around 100 students and had a great time doing it.

In fact, we enjoyed this experience so much that we are now in talks to design and run our own enrichment mini-course program. Preparation starts up again this fall and we are ready to get involved.

University Course Design

Inspired by universities around the world who have already integrated synthetic biology courses in their curricula and by our own belief in the importance of exposing undergraduate students to the emerging field of synthetic biology, our iGEM HP team has helped put a synthetic biology course in the works at the University of Ottawa. As a team, we researched various topics and put together a first draft of the course outline, after which we handed it over to our team instructor and faculty member Dr. Mads Kaern, who will be moving the idea forward.

To gauge interest in a synthetic biology course, our team also designed and administered a survey to students at the University of Ottawa. The primary results were overwhelmingly positive.

This figure breaks down the survey respondents by field of study. Total responses = 72.

Responses to the main question in the student survey show that over 80% of respondents would be interested in taking a course discussing synthetic biology and genetic engineering concepts. Total responses = 74.

Some student comments we received as part of the survey:

• "I think this course could be really practical!"
• "This sounds so cool. I wish I wasn’t graduating so I could stick around and take this class."
• "I think this is [a] fantastic idea for a course and I hope it generates enough interest to become a reality!"
• "Great idea, hope this pans out!"

oGEM and Synthetic Biology Ontario

The Ontario Genetically Engineered Machine (oGEM) conference was held in Toronto on Aug 9-10. The conference aimed to further develop the iGEM competition and involved the discussion of topics relevant to this purpose among the five Ontario iGEM teams.

Based on the presentations given by each team, all Policy and Practices projects incorporated high school outreach in some way. Thus, in order to stand out from other teams, it was suggested that Policy projects should be linked to the application of the wet lab project. This would help iGEM teams have a more integrated and collaborative team effort since the wet lab and Policy projects would be tightly linked.

Another major area of discussion involved the development of an undergraduate-level, "Introduction to Synthetic Biology" or even iGEM-specific course. The course would potentially teach students the basics of synthetic biology and related lab techniques, as well as crucial aspects of the iGEM competition and how to give an effective presentation. The overarching idea is that it would be a preparatory course for students wishing to pursue careers in synthetic biology, thus opening up a career pathway which does not exist as of yet.

The course would also address two very common problems that iGEM teams face: spending valuable months training new students and lacking developed ideas at the beginning of summer. If the course were implemented, the iGEM teams would potentially have students who know all the basic lab techniques they need to hit the ground running. Also, if these students were to begin working on a project throughout the duration of the course or simply have had the opportunity to develop ideas, they would have a project that they could begin working on immediately once the iGEM season starts.

Furthermore, one of the most promising ideas raised at the conference was to link iGEM teams with industry. After all, iGEM teams are trying to solve real-world problems using synthetic biology and industries have the knowledge of what problems exist and need to be solved. It was discussed that Dennis, the coordinator of oGEM, will work on establishing contacts with industries and will subsequently match these industries with iGEM teams at a conference that would take take place in January of 2015. This conference would allow both industries and iGEM teams to communicate what it is that they can provide in this partnership. This would give the iGEM teams several months to develop their ideas and would allow Policy teams to brainstorm ideas for projects related to the wet lab, since the wet lab project would be already known by the beginning of summer.

In addition to serving as a liaison between industry and individual iGEM teams, Dennis will also be able to provide assistance to iGEM teams by connecting them to services they might require such as an up-to-date database of bacterial strains that can be viewed by all iGEM teams. In an effort to establish and maintain a strategic and long-term industry partnership, each team will assign an oGEM Delegate who will be the contact point for Dennis to communicate the interests of industries to their partnered iGEM teams. To continue the collaborative effort to further expand iGEM, an advisory board will be formed which will allow PIs interested in teaching and research to coordinate long-term collaborations with industries and create a nurturing environment for synthetic biology to thrive and flourish.

Genetics and Patent Law

A question came out of our wet lab this year that served as a springboard for related questions and speculations regarding ease of sharing in the realm of synthetic biology research. This initial question was the following: "Our lab received a part from a colleague in the United States. Although no patent exists for this part, the US lab offered it exclusively to our research team (as per email correspondence). Could our team submit this genetic sequence to the Registry of Standard Parts, which would make it available to all iGEM teams?"" Although the vast majority of our team members were immediately inclined to answer no, with the question seemingly being one of courtesy if nothing more, it got us thinking nonetheless. If the sequence were indeed patented, how would our presence in Canada (as opposed to the US) influence how we might be able to use and share this sequence? And how do we foster collaboration between American and Canadian scientists, and even better, how do we foster international collaboration?

The following infographic outlines what we have set out to do:

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Our team has arranged to meet with a few experts on law and policy to discuss our thoughts and questions. We also wanted to get an idea of what students in science and/or law thought about these questions, so we designed a survey to do just that. The survey asked 6 main questions, not including questions about students' background.

1. Should genetic sequences be patentable?
2. If a patent exists for a particular genetic sequence, where should the patent be applicable?
3. If a patent on a genetic sequence hinders the advancement of science or stands in the way of the public good, should the patent be restricted or terminated?
4. Who should decide when a patent is hindering scientific advancement?
5. How do we encourage collaboration between American and Canadian synthetic biologists?

And the question that started it all:

6. Our lab received a part from a colleague in the United States. Although no patent exists for this part, the US lab offered it exclusively to our research team (as per email correspondence). Could our team submit this genetic sequence to the Registry of Standard Parts, which would make it available to all iGEM teams (internationally)?

The two infographics below present the results of this survey:

Click to enlarge

Click to enlarge

Conclusions

In answering whether or not genetic sequences should be patentable, a large portion of respondents assumed the discussion involved naturally occurring genetic sequences and thus identified that option as unacceptable. However, interestingly enough, most respondents agreed that should a patent exist, it should be applicable everywhere around the world. This perhaps suggests a perceived significance of intellectual property. Also appearing of very high significance to student respondents are scientific advancement and the general good. All but one of those surveyed agreed that a patent should be restricted if either scientific advancement or the public good is affected. Among the suggestions for encouraging collaboration between synthetic biologists, one recurring idea called for an open-access database of genetic sequences. Here, we cannot help but think of the Registry of Standard Parts and the role that it is playing in performing this exact function internationally. Finally, 17 out of 23 respondents agreed that our lab should not submit the sequence we received from a US colleague (refer to paragraph one on this page), at least not without permission of the lab who sent it to us. This aligns with our team’s perceptions as well, as discussed earlier