Team:UST Beijing/Footsteps

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        var arrMessages = ["Red fluorescent protein, which is also called RFP, is widely used as indicator or reporter gene in iGEM and other researches because it is easy for observation and measurement. During our experiments, RFP was also used in our experiment design. Parts from igem delivered plates, BBa_J04450, pSB1AC3 (http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J04450), is an expression vector with highly engineered RFP gene sequence. But in our experiment, we found some very interesting character of this part. After that, we repeated the same procedures to make eliminate possible operation errors which make us believe that the phenomenon we observed can be reproducible. Since temperature was the only factor that has influenced the expression rate of rfp, there are several possible mechanisms our team members have proposed to explain it. The first kind of opinion is that, under lower temperature, the cells’ metabolism rate is also lowered, which means slower rate of transcription and expression rate. When cells facing with such problems, they might choose to appropriate their limited energy and material to the expression of house-keeping genes. On the other hand, 28 centigrade temperature is probably not cold enough to cause too much survival pressures for bacteria but may induce some other change to the RFP gene transcription and expression. Long hairpin structure caused by long reverted repeat sequences might hinder the movement of ribosome along mRNA, which means the lower rate of expression. ",
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                          "In this paper published in 2006, researchers believe that the secondary structure near the start codon AUG of mRNA is essential form the expressing rate of human genes in Ecoli. Long hairpin structures near the start codon could form quickly after the initiation of transcription and become obstacles to ribosome movement along mRNA and then the elongation of peptide. This article make us believe that we should analyze the inverted repeats sequence especially the ones in the neighborhood of start codon. Then we used the software RNA structure and an online tool(http://rna.tbi.univie.ac.at) to predict the possible secondary structures in the RFP gene sequence. ",
 +
                          "Results from both online or software secondary structure prediction show that A lot of secondary structures exist in the gene sequence. Since RFP has been used in a wide range not only in igem competition, its expression rate instability could be a problem for its application. In previous igem competitions, RFP have been used as reporter gene of Arsenic reporter, which could the host bacteria as Arsenic concentration sensitive color indicator. If the expression rate is significantly interfered by temperature, its indicator utility could be limited. In order to eliminate the possible hairpin structures, new gene sequence should be designed. ",
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                          "In this article published in 2001, melting temperature of short paired DNA sequences, primers and target DNA sequences in PCR for example, can be influenced by many factors including the length of paired sequences, GC content and arrangement and cation concentration in the solution. The authors have also developed a series of mathematic formula to estimate the Tm of double DNA stands, which could be especially useful for primers design in PCR. What’s more, the article also gave us a hint that the addition of Dimethyl Sulfoxide can decrease the Tm of the double strand sequence. Such strategy inspire us to design a new experiment to confirm our hypothesis that the lower expression rate of RFP was caused by secondary structures of the mRNA.",
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                          "20C 72H 200rpm; 20 centigrade 16H, DMSO as labeled",
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                          "30C 72H 200rpm, 20C 16H, DMSO as labeled. Ecoli strain with psb1ac3-RFP plasmid was cultured in 2ml LB. There are two groups under different temperature 27centigrade(upper) and 37 centigrade(lower), respectively. The content of DMSO is 1%, 2%, 3%,4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, and 20%(just for second group), respectively. The results indicate that DMSO concentration at the 5-6% percent can successfully increase the expression rate of RFP. On the other hand, higher concentration of DMSO show toxicity to cells."]
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              <h1>Learn from ancestors.</h1>
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              <p class="lead">An undesirable mutation deprived one of our beloved magics - providing vitamin C for ourselves. Fortunately, we might be able to pick it up from our ancestors.</p>
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    <h2 class="bs-docs-featurette-title">Through evolution, we lost something.</h2>
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        <h2 class="bs-docs-featurette-title">RFP Parts Evaluation</h2>
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    <p class="lead">Looking back at the footsteps of evolution, we human being exploit our limits and potentials to adapt mercurial environment and harsh conditions. We have, however, lost some magical potentials in this process. The capability to generate vitamin C for ourselves is one of the lost magics. </p>
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        <p class="lead">Evaluation and characterization of a highly engineered RFP gene (BBa_J04450): thermo sensitive expression pattern and secondary structure of mRNA.</p>
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         <p align="left">Mutations in L-gulono-gama-lactone oxidase(GLO) gene in many vertebrate species caused the lack of expression of GLO, which leads to a loss of capability to produce vitamin C. As a result of this mutation, many species including human being developed their dependence on food source vitamin C.</p>
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         <p align="left">Vitamin C has been playing a pivotal role in scavenging free radical and collagen synthesis. People with long-time insufficient ingestion of vitamin C, sailors for instance, could suffer from scurvy disease. To make matters worse, accumulation of free radical could be an important factor of aging.</p>
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         <p align="left">The truth is, we lost the ability to provide an indispensable vitamin to ourselves. And here's what we are working around: can we find out a way to reactivate GLO gene and express functional GLO, hence pick up our long-lost magic? We've conducted cell-level experiments and evaluated their possible effects.</p>
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  <p align="left" id="sticksCarouselMessage">Red fluorescent protein, which is also called RFP, is widely used as indicator or reporter gene in iGEM and other researches because it is easy for observation and measurement. During our experiments, RFP was also used in our experiment design. Parts from igem delivered plates, BBa_J04450, pSB1AC3 (http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J04450), is an expression vector with highly engineered RFP gene sequence. But in our experiment, we found some very interesting character of this part. After that, we repeated the same procedures to make eliminate possible operation errors which make us believe that the phenomenon we observed can be reproducible. Since temperature was the only factor that has influenced the expression rate of rfp, there are several possible mechanisms our team members have proposed to explain it. The first kind of opinion is that, under lower temperature, the cells’ metabolism rate is also lowered, which means slower rate of transcription and expression rate. When cells facing with such problems, they might choose to appropriate their limited energy and material to the expression of house-keeping genes. On the other hand, 28 centigrade temperature is probably not cold enough to cause too much survival pressures for bacteria but may induce some other change to the RFP gene transcription and expression. Long hairpin structure caused by long reverted repeat sequences might hinder the movement of ribosome along mRNA, which means the lower rate of expression. </p>
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    <h2 class="bs-docs-featurette-title">The answer is fusion.</h2>
 
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    <p class="lead">Lemur catta，also called Lemur, is a kind of monkey and one of the two species of anthropoids with full and functional GLO gene. Lemur could be a good source of GLO gene if intend to regain our capability of producing vitamin C, just like our ancestors. However, there's still a long way to go.</p>
 
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Revision as of 15:20, 16 October 2014

USTB iGEM14 Footsteps

RFP Parts Evaluation

Evaluation and characterization of a highly engineered RFP gene (BBa_J04450): thermo sensitive expression pattern and secondary structure of mRNA.

Red fluorescent protein, which is also called RFP, is widely used as indicator or reporter gene in iGEM and other researches because it is easy for observation and measurement. During our experiments, RFP was also used in our experiment design. Parts from igem delivered plates, BBa_J04450, pSB1AC3 (http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J04450), is an expression vector with highly engineered RFP gene sequence. But in our experiment, we found some very interesting character of this part. After that, we repeated the same procedures to make eliminate possible operation errors which make us believe that the phenomenon we observed can be reproducible. Since temperature was the only factor that has influenced the expression rate of rfp, there are several possible mechanisms our team members have proposed to explain it. The first kind of opinion is that, under lower temperature, the cells’ metabolism rate is also lowered, which means slower rate of transcription and expression rate. When cells facing with such problems, they might choose to appropriate their limited energy and material to the expression of house-keeping genes. On the other hand, 28 centigrade temperature is probably not cold enough to cause too much survival pressures for bacteria but may induce some other change to the RFP gene transcription and expression. Long hairpin structure caused by long reverted repeat sequences might hinder the movement of ribosome along mRNA, which means the lower rate of expression.

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