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Team:Nankai
From 2014.igem.org
(Difference between revisions)
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} | } | ||
| + | @charset "utf-8"; html, body, button, input, select, textarea { font: 12px/1.5 "\u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1", "\5FAE\8F6F\96C5\9ED1", "微软雅黑",tahoma, arial, "\5b8b\4f53", sans-serif; } body, div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, pre, code, form, fieldset, legend, input, textarea, p, blockquote, th, td, hr, button { margin: 0; padding: 0; } table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } caption, th { text-align: left; font-weight: normal; } html, body, fieldset, img, iframe, abbr { border: 0; } html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; } i, em { font-style: normal; } ol, ul, li { list-style: none; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, small { font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal } textarea { overflow: auto; resize: none; } label { cursor: default; } a, button { cursor: pointer; } a, a:hover { text-decoration: none; } iframe { display: block; } input[type="submit"] { border: none; } button, input, select, textarea { font-size: 100%; } button[disabled], html input[disabled] { cursor: default; } input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: -2px; margin: 0px 3px 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; } .inline-block { display: inline-block; | ||
| + | display: inline; | ||
| + | zoom: 1; } | ||
| + | -webkit-input-placeholder { | ||
| + | color:#ccc; } | ||
| + | -moz-placeholder { | ||
| + | color:#999; } | ||
| + | -moz-placeholder { | ||
| + | color:#999; } | ||
| + | -ms-input-placeholder { | ||
| + | color:#999; } a { outline: none; } .tl { text-align: left !important; } .tc { text-align: center; } .tr { text-align: right; } .bc { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } .fl { float: left; } .fr { float: right; } .vm { vertical-align: middle; } .vt { vertical-align: top; } .pr { position: relative; } .pa { position: absolute; } .abs-right { position: absolute; right: 0; } .abs-left { position: absolute; left: 0; } .hidden { display: none; } .fb { font-weight: bold; } .fn { font-weight: normal; } .no-unl { text-decoration: none; } .word-break { word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; } .gray { color: #A5A5A5; } .red { color: rgb(150,100,85); } .blue { color: #00f; } .yellow { color: #FDB96E; } .violet { color: #A98FAC; } .black { color: #000; } .white { color: #fff; } .link { color: #597ec5; } .w215 { width: 215px; } .w223 { width: 223px; } .w300 { width: 300px; } .w308 { width: 308px; } .w620 { width: 620px; } .w628 { width: 628px; } .w705 { width: 705px; } .w713 { width: 713px; } .w715 { width: 715px; } .w950 { width: 950px; } .w958 { width: 958px; } .pt15 { padding-top: 15px; } .bg-red { background: rgb(126,12,110); } .bg-gray { background: #BFBFBF; } .bg-yellow { background: #f6aa31; } .bg-none { background: none !important; } .bn { border: none !important; | ||
| + | }/* 注： * * 图片垂直居中 使用样式 .vertical-middle-val * 内含元素： * 示例》》 * | ||
| + | * * <img src="static/temp/0.jpg" /> * | ||
| + | * ************************ * 圆角布局 使用 .radius * 示例》》 * | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | //头部圆角 * | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | //此处 w300 为宽度 必须 定义 * | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | //此处w308为宽度 必须定义 两个角各占10像素 出去边框 多8像素 * ......... 这里是内容部分 * | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | //此处 w300 为宽度 必须 定义 * | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | ****************************** * * 带小三角的 按钮 /标签 * btn-tag 基本定义 * .btn-tag.red 红色 * .btn-tag.yellow 黄色 * .btn-tag.blue 蓝色 * .btn-tag.gray 灰色 * 示例》》 * | ||
| + | * * | ||
| + | * * *************************** * 圆角按钮 * 必须包含 样式 btn-base * * 20高度样式 * btn-blue-h20 20高度样式 蓝色 * btn-yellow-h20 20高度样式 黄色 * btn-gray-h20 20高度样式 灰色 * btn-red-h20 20高度样式 红色 * * 37高度样式 * btn-red-h37 37高度样式 红色 * btn-gray-h37 37高度样式 灰色 * 48高度样式 * btn-red-h48 48高度样式 红色 * btn-blue-h48 48高度样式 蓝色 * 示例》》 * * 圆角btn * * * *//*基本布局*/ | ||
| + | body { color: #555; line-height: 22px; background: #F8F8F8; background-image:url(./images/main-bodybg.jpg); background-repeat:repeat; } a { color: rgb(150,100,85); } a:hover { color:#ed5e58; | ||
| + | } .wrap { width: 960px; margin: 0 auto; } .content { width: 630px; } .sidebar { width: 310px; } .block-list { margin: 0 0 20px; } .main { min-height: 700px; _height: 700px; } .font-yen { font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', STXihei, MingLiu; }/* CLEARFIX */ .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .clearfix { display: inline-block; } | ||
| + | html .clearfix { | ||
| + | height: 1%; } .clearfix { display: block; }/*图标*/ .common-sprite { background-image: url('./images/icon_sprite.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; } .icons { background-image: url('./images/icons.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; } .txt-err { background-image: url('./images/icons_v1.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; }/*图片垂直居中*/ .vertical-middle { overflow: hidden; text-align: center; font-size: 0; } .vertical-middle .hook { display: inline-block; width: 0; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; margin-left: -1px; font-size: 0; line-height: 0; vertical-align: middle; } .vertical-middle img { vertical-align: middle; border: 0 none; } .radius { border-radius: 5px; }/*圆角布局*/ .radius-hd, .radius-ft { width: 100%; height: 5px; } .radius-hl, .radius-hr, .radius-fl, .radius-fr { width: 5px; height: 5px; line-height: 0px; font-size: 0px; } .radius-hl { float: left; background-position: 0px 0px; } .radius-hr { float: right; background-position: -7px 0px; } .radius-fl { float: left; background-position: 0px -7px; } .radius-fr { float: right; background-position: -7px -7px; } .radius-hc, .radius-fc { float: left; height: 4px; line-height: 0px; font-size: 0px; background-color: #FFF; } .radius-hc { border-top: 1px solid #E5E5E5; } .radius-fc { border-bottom: 1px solid #E5E5E5; } .radius-bd { background-color: #FFF; border-left: 1px solid #E5E5E5; border-right: 1px solid #E5E5E5; }/*带右下三角的按钮&标签*/ .tag { position: relative; width: 90px; height: 30px; color: #FFF; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; text-shadow: 2px 2px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); } .triangle { width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0; font-size: 0; vertical-align: middle; border-left: 10px solid #810500; border-right: 0 none; border-top: 0px solid transparent; border-bottom: 10px solid transparent; _color: #F8F8F8; _filter: chroma(color=#FF3FFF); position: absolute; right: 0px; bottom: -10px; }/*带右下三角的按钮&标签 --- 颜色设置*/ .tag.bg-red { background-color: #ed5f59; } .tag.bg-red .triangle { border-left: 10px solid #810500; } .tag.bg-yellow { background-color: #f5aa31; } .tag.bg-yellow .triangle { border-left: 10px solid #945b00; } .tag.bg-blue { background-color: #50a5fb; } .tag.bg-blue .triangle { border-left: 10px solid #00356b; } .tag.bg-gray { background-color: #a4a4a4; } .tag.bg-gray .triangle { border-left: 10px solid #717171; }/*基本按钮*/ .btn-base { display: inline-block; | ||
| + | display: inline; | ||
| + | zoom: 1; padding-left: 5px; color: #FFF; } .btn-base:hover { color: #FFF; } .btn-base span { display: inline-block; | ||
| + | display: inline; | ||
| + | zoom: 1; padding-right: 5px; float: left; } .btn-red-h20 { background-position: -223px 0px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; } .btn-red-h20 span { background-position: 100% -263px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; } .btn-blue-h20 { background-position: -223px -21px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; } .btn-blue-h20 span { background-position: 100% -194px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; } .btn-yellow-h20 { background-position: -223px -42px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; } .btn-yellow-h20 span { background-position: 100% -217px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; } .btn-gray-h20 { background-position: -223px -63px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; } .btn-gray-h20 span { background-position: 100% -240px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; } .btn-red-h30 { background-position: -223px -103px; height: 30px; line-height: 30px; } .btn-red-h30 span { background-position: 100% -611px; height: 30px; line-height: 30px; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 5px; } .btn-gray-h30 { background-position: -223px -137px; height: 30px; line-height: 30px; } .btn-gray-h30 span { background-position: 100% -646px; height: 30px; line-height: 30px; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 5px; } .btn-red-h37 { background-position: -199px 0px; height: 37px; line-height: 37px; } .btn-red-h37 span { background-position: 100% -286px; height: 37px; line-height: 37px; font-size: 18px; padding: 0px 20px 0px 15px; } .btn-gray-h37 { background-position: -199px -38px; height: 37px; line-height: 37px; } .btn-gray-h37 span { background-position: 100% -326px; height: 37px; line-height: 37px; font-size: 18px; padding: 0px 20px 0px 15px; } .btn-red-h48 { background-position: -199px -126px; height: 48px; line-height: 48px; } .btn-red-h48 span { background-position: 100% -366px; height: 48px; line-height: 48px; font-size: 18px; padding: 0px 20px 0px 15px; } .btn-blue-h48 { background-position: -199px -76px; height: 48px; line-height: 48px; } .btn-blue-h48 span { background-position: 100% -417px; height: 48px; line-height: 48px; font-size: 18px; padding: 0px 20px 0px 15px; } .btn-nav { background-position: 0px -503px; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; } .btn-nav span { background-position: 100% -503px; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; padding: 0px 20px 0px 15px; color: #555; font-size: 14px; } .select .btn-nav { background-position: 0px -468px; } .select .btn-nav span { background-position: 100% -468px; color: #555; } .ratio-bar { width: 232px; margin: 9px 0px; height: 16px; line-height: 1px; font-size: 1px; background-position: 0px -537px; position: relative; } .ratio-bar span { height: 16px; display: block; line-height: 1px; font-size: 1px; } .ratio-bar .ratio-red { background: url(../images/phoenix/icon/icon-progress.gif?v=45) no-repeat 100% 0; } .ratio-bar .ratio-yellow { background-position: 100% -573px; } .ratio-bar .ratio-gray { background-position: 100% -592px; } .ratio-bar i { width: 6px; height: 16px; line-height: 1px; font-size: 1px; background-position: 0 -119px; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0px; _top: 1px; }/*header*/ .header { width: 100%; height: 70px; padding-top: 2px; background: url(./images/bg-top.png) repeat-x 50% -2px rgb(126, 12, 110); border-bottom: 0px solid #e5e5e5; } .header .img-logo { float: left; } .img-logo { padding: 10px 23px 17px 0; } .img-logo a { width: 180px; height: 60px; display: block; background: url(Nkulogo.png) no-repeat 0 0; text-indent: -9999px; } | ||
| + | .header .igem-logo { float: right; } .igem-logo { padding: 10px 100px 200px 0; } .igem-logo a { width: 180px; height: 60px; display: block; background: url(IGEMsmall.png) no-repeat 0 0; text-indent: -9999px; } | ||
| + | .header .menu { float: left; padding-right: 12px; } .menu ul { float: left; } .menu ul li { padding: 0px 8px; float: left; position: relative; z-index: 5; } .menu ul li a { padding: 23px 10px 14px; height: 30px; line-height: 30px; display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255,255,255); } .menu ul li a:hover { color: #FC3; border-bottom: 3px solid #ed5e58; } .menu ul li a i { width: 10px; height: 8px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; _flort: right; _margin-top: 10px; background-position: -13px -124px; } .menu ul li.select a { | ||
| + | color: rgb(255,255,255); border-bottom: 3px solid #ed5e58; padding: 23px 10px 14px; } .menu ul li ul { position: absolute; width: 105px; left: 12px; top: 70px; border: 1px solid #D5CCCB; border-top: none; z-index: 10; } .menu ul li ul li { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: #FFF; } .menu ul li ul li a { margin: 0px; width: 105px; text-align: center; padding: 6px 0px; } .header .search { float: left; } .search { width: 170px; height: 26px; margin: 25px 0px 19px; background-position: -1px -148px; padding-left: 5px; } .search-key { width: 127px; height: 16px; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; padding: 5px 5px; border: none; background: none; } .btn-search { width: 26px; height: 26px; float: left; text-indent: -9999px; border: none; background: url('./images/icon_sprite.png') no-repeat -53px -92px; cursor: pointer; } .login-wrap { float: right; padding: 25px 0px 23px; font-size: 14px; } .login-wrap a { color: rgb(150,100,85); } .login-wrap a:hover { color: #ed5e58; } .login-wrap em { padding: 0px 10px; color: #b0b0b0; } .quick-links { float: right; height: 22px; padding: 40px 0px 0px; }/*user-menu*/ .user-menu { float: right; position: relative; z-index: 5; } .menu-hd { width: 150px; } .select .menu-bd { display: block; } .menu-hd a { height: 34px; display: block; padding-top: 25px; text-align: right; } .menu-hd img { width: 30px; height: 30px; border-radius: 50%; behavior: url(static/zhongchou/css/phoenix/PIE.htc); position: relative; vertical-align: middle; z-index: 2; } .menu-hd span { height: 22px; padding-left: 10px; line-height: 22px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; padding-right: 15px; background: url('../images/phoenix/icon/icon_tnav.png?v=45') no-repeat 100% -145px; } .menu-hd a:hover span { background-position: 100% -168px; color: #000; } .menu-bd { width: 120px; padding: 10px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 65px; background: #FFF; border: 1px solid #D5CCCB; display: none; } .menu-bd ul li { width: 100%; float: left; height: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-size: 14px; padding: 10px 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f8f8f8; } .menu-bd ul li a { height: 22px; display: block; padding-left: 32px; background-image: url(../images/phoenix/icon/icon_tnav.png?v=45); background-repeat: no-repeat; } .msg a { background-position: 12px 7px; } .spo a { background-position: 12px -40px; } .sup a { background-position: 12px -15px; } .att a { background-position: 12px -62px; } .set a { background-position: 12px -90px; } .exit a { background-position: 12px -120px; }/*footer*/ .footer { width: 100%; background: #5a5a5a; color: #8c8c8c; } .footer-section { padding: 20px 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid #3a3a3a; } .foot-map { float: left; width: 780px; overflow: hidden; } .foot-map dl { float: left; padding-right: 20px; width: 240px; } .foot-map dl dt { font-size: 14px; color: rgb(153,153,153); line-height: 32px; } .foot-map dl dd a { color: #FFF; } .foot-map dl dd em { color: #707070; padding: 0px 7px; } .foot-logo { float: right; padding-top: 20px; } .foot-logo h1 { width: 156px; height: 46px; background: url(../images/phoenix/common/logo-ft.png?v=45) no-repeat 0 0; } .footer-copy { background: #505050; border-top: 1px solid #757575; padding: 12px 0px; } .ft-links { padding: 5px 0px; color: #DDD; text-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); } .ft-links .links-arrow { float: left; font-weight: bold; } .ft-links p { margin-left: 60px; } .ft-links a { font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 5px; color: #DDD !important; } .ft-links a:hover { color: #FFF; }/*mod title*/ .mod-title { width: 100%; height: 32px; } .mod-title h2 { font-size: 20px; float: left; color: rgb(150,100,85); line-height: 32px; } .mod-title .title-sub { float: right; padding: 6px 0px; } .title-sub { font-size: 14px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; } .title-sub ul { float: right; } .title-sub a { vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 5px; } .title-sub ul li { float: left; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; padding-left: 20px; } .title-sub ul li a { float: left; padding: 0px 3px; margin: 0px; }/*list-item*/ .list-item { width: 223px; height: 318px; position: relative; background: #FFF; border: 1px solid #E6E6E6; border-radius: 5px; behavior: url(static/zhongchou/css/phoenix/PIE.htc); } .home-list-item { width: 223px; height: 1818px; position: relative; background: #FFF; border: 1px solid #E6E6E6; border-radius: 5px; behavior: url(static/zhongchou/css/phoenix/PIE.htc); } | ||
| + | .team-list-item { width: 223px; height: 1550px; position: relative; background: #FFF; border: 1px solid #E6E6E6; border-radius: 5px; behavior: url(static/zhongchou/css/phoenix/PIE.htc); } .item-figure { width: 223px; height: 168px; display: block; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; } .item-figure img { height: 168px; width: 223px; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; position: relative; behavior: url(static/zhongchou/css/phoenix/PIE.htc); } .item-figure img { -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease; -moz-transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; } .item-figure img:hover { -webkit-transform: scale(1.15); -moz-transform: scale(1.15); -o-transform: scale(1.15); opacity: 0.90; filter: alpha(opacity=90); } .item-upvote { width: auto; height: 24px; text-align: right; position: absolute; right: 10px; top: 10px; } .item-upvote a { width: auto; height: 22px; line-height: 22px; float: right; padding: 0px 8px 0px 20px; color: rgb(126,12,110); border: 1px solid #e6e6e6; border-radius: 12px; display: block; background: #FFF url(./images/icons.png) no-repeat 3px 6px; position: relative; behavior: url(static/zhongchou/css/phoenix/PIE.htc); } .item-upvote a:hover, .item-upvote .liked { background-color: rgb(126,12,110); color: #FFF; border: 1px solid rgb(126,12,110); background-position: 3px -14px; } .list-item h3 { padding: 0 12px; margin: 10px 0; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; height: 40px; overflow: hidden; } .item-caption { padding: 0px 12px 5px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; color: #A4A4A4; } .item-caption .caption-title { float: left; } .caption-title em { color: #555; } .item-caption .btn-base { float: right; } .progress-bar { width: 223px; height: 6px; line-height: 0px; font-size: 0px; background: #F2F2F2; overflow: hidden; } .progress { height: 6px; line-height: 0px; font-size: 0px; display: block; } .item-rate { padding: 8px 12px 0px; line-height: 18px; color: #A4A4A4; } .item-rate em { color: #555; } .item-rate em.red { color: #ED5E58; } .rate1 { display: block; float: left; text-align: left; width: 50px; } .rate2 { display: block; float: left; text-align: center; width: 76px; } .rate3 { display: block; float: right; text-align: right; width: 70px; }/*page*/ .page { width: 100%; } .page a { width: 25px; height: 25px; margin: 0px 1px; font-size: 14px; color: #FFF; display: inline-block; line-height: 25px; text-align: center; background-position: -128px -2px; } .page a.prev, .page a.next { width: 45px; padding: 0px 10px; color: #a4a4a4; } .page a.select, .page a:hover { background-position: -161px -2px; }/*pop*/ .pop-bg { background: url(../images/phoenix/common/bg-pop.png?v=45) repeat; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 20; } .pop { box-shadow: 5px 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.4); } .form { width: 490px; } .confirm { width: 435px; } .alert { width: 367px; } .pop-box { border-radius: 5px; background: #FFF; border: 1px solid #d6d6d6; position: relative; behavior: url(static/zhongchou/css/phoenix/PIE.htc); } .pop .title { width: 100%; background: rgb(126,12,110); height: 40px; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; position: relative; behavior: url(static/zhongchou/css/phoenix/PIE.htc); } .pop .title h3 { font-size: 16px; color: #FFF; line-height: 40px; padding-left: 10px; float: left; } .btn-close { position: absolute; right: -11px; top: -11px; width: 22px; height: 22px; line-height: 0px; font-size: 0px; background-position: -126px -116px; border-radius: 50%; box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.4); transition: all 0.4s ease-out 0s; } .btn-close:hover { -webkit-transform: rotate(180deg); -moz-transform: rotate(180deg); -ms-transform: rotate(180deg); -o-transform: rotate(180deg); transform: rotate(180deg); -ms-transform: rotate(0); } .pop-body { background: #FFF; padding: 0px 15px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; } .pop .info { padding: 20px 0px; } .form-item { padding: 5px 0px; } .form-item label { width: 100px; float: left; height: 28px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; text-align: right; } .form-item input { width: 160px; height: 18px; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; color: #555; padding: 4px 5px; margin-left: 5px; border: 1px solid #bababa; border-radius: 3px; position: relative; behavior: url(static/zhongchou/css/phoenix/PIE.htc); } .form-item input.ads-ipt { width: 300px; } .form-item .form-msg { width: 160px; height: 22px; font-size: 14px; display: block; padding: 5px 5px; margin-left: 105px; } .form-item .sex-box { width: 180px; height: 22px; margin-left: 105px; padding-left: 5px; } .form-item .sex-box input { width: auto; height: auto; padding: 0; border: none; display: inline; margin: 0 2px 0px 0px; float: none; } .form-item .sex-box span { padding: 0 10px 0 0; vertical-align: middle; } .form-item .option-box { font-size: 14px; display: block; margin-left: 105px; } .form-item .option-box select { width: 100px; height: 26px; line-height: 26px; border: 1px solid #9c9c9c; border-radius: 3px; color: #555; margin-right: 5px; } .form-item input[type="text"]:focus, .form-item input[type="password"]:focus { border-color: #f5a9a6; 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Revision as of 12:32, 10 October 2014
Overview
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Biosurfactants in MEOR
Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is a popular method today in oil production that relies on microorganisms and their metabolic products to mobilize residual oil. Early in 1946 people began to study the application of biosurfactants in oil production, when Zobell discovered that microbe-producing biosurfactants are one of the mechanisms of MEOR. Biosurfactants lower the oil-water interfacial tension, letting the oil droplets release from the sandstones surface, and reduce the viscosity of heavy oil to help its flow. The production of biosurfactants in aerobic environment has been comprehensively researched. Rhamnolipid for instance, has been extensively studied and applied because of its remarkable surface activity and emulsifying properties.
Emulsifying properties of different biosurfactants
Weak(left) Strong(right)
Problems and Solutions
However, until today, it remains at a stage where we have to produce our biosurfactants like rhamnolipid at a bioreactor and then injected them into the oil reservoir. The process of product purification and transportation is very costly and complex, which makes it too unpractical to employ in offshore oil wells. In the meantime, the chance for biosurfactants molecules to meet residual oil along the water pathway is very small. We can’t target the oil droplets separated all over the oil field which is often half wrapped by sandstones. Thus the increase of oil output depends largely on the amount of biosurfactants we pump into the well, causing its low efficiency.
Currently in-situ production of biosurfactants underground is considered advantageous in MEOR. Yet, it is also limited by the oxygen-depleted environments of oil reservoirs because most studied producers are aerobic microorganisms. So clearly, microorganisms that can produce biosurfactants under anaerobic conditions are desperately needed.Why Pseudomonas stutzeri
Among the very few anaerobic biosurfactant-producing microorganisms reported, we selected Pseudomonas stutzeri as our host bacteria. For one reason, we have acquired Pseudomonas stutzeri strains in almost every oil field we studied, indicating its universality. In addition, we want it to produce Rhamnolipid, and Pseudomonas stutzeri is genetically close to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in which Rhamnolipid ligase genes are highly expressed.
Oil-Water Mixture cultivation
Blank(left) Pseudomonas stutzeri(right)Pseudomonas stutzeri take in oil as their carbon source for living. Thus they would trace down to where an oil droplet is held, and surround it as they grow and multiply. In this way, we sucessfully manage to bring our biosurfactant factories right into the reservoir. And all the nutrition we need to supply is nitrogen in the form of nitrates, which is very cheap and easy to transport.
Why Rhamnolipid
Rhamnolipid is a series of congeners, which may have one or two rhamnoses bonded to β-hydroxy fatty acid with different carbon chain lengths. As we mentioned above, Rhamnolipid has excellent surface activity and terrific emulsifying properties. Moreover, since most of the bacteria like Pseudomonas stutzeri themselves have two uncorrelated synthesis systems of rhamnose and fatty acid, all we have to do is transform the Rhamnolipid ligase genes into bacteria.
Rhamnolipid biosynthetic pathway
Rhamnose Parts(left) Fatty Acid Parts(right)Once it is expressed, it would join the two parts together and give the host bacteria the ability to synthesise Rhamnolipid. Therefore our target genes Rhl ABRI are the key to generate our tiny but enormous underground Rhamnolipid factories.
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Our Results
details
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Our Team
people
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Our Costs
money
