Team:UANL Mty-Mexico/project/DNA-Program-Delivery
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<p><b>Reference</b> | <p><b>Reference</b> | ||
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</ol> | </ol> |
Revision as of 03:40, 18 October 2014
Project |
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DNA Delivery System
What is a DNA delivery system?
DNA Delivery Systems on Eukaryotes With evidence on induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS cells). Animal-bacteria horizontal gene transfer. Animal yeast transfer systems The design of a vector capable of replicating in both amoebas and yeasts might seem complicated, but finding a real life application for the idea is even more complex. Non-living delivery systems. Plant gene transfer systems. Agrobacterium tumefasciens. Agrobacterium tumefasciens is a species of bacteria widely distributed in soil; it is the oldest and best researched plant transformation method, though we still lack even though we still lack important amounts of knowledge about the basic mechanisms of recognition, attachment, and integration. Nevertheless, our primary concern about using A. tumefasciens on crops is not its transformation efficiency, but the possibility of disseminating transgenes in the environment. While it is true that A. tumefasciencs is widely distributed in soil, most isolates do not contain this plasmid, and the only genes it can transfer are the vir genes; this genes do not represent an advantage to the host organism, so they do not survive or overcome the rest of the population. However, if we transform the host organism on the field with an A. tumefasciens circuit, it could also transform other plants, giving them the traits that the circuit could carry, giving them (or not) an advantage over other organisms. But the problem is the capability of the bacteria to transform other organisms. We cannot change a mechanism that we do not understand, so making the bacterium host-specific is impossible, since we do not know what proteins are involved in host attachment and recognition. Virus In plants, there’s a very special kind of virus, called “virions”, they are RNA particles with no mRNA activity, whose use as a DNA delivery system is null. Continuing with the virus subject, as in animals, the genetic material of plant virus can be RNA or DNA, never both. Among the RNA virus are the families Tobacovirus (turnip vein-clearing virus, tobacco mosaic virus) and Potexvirus (Alternanthera mosaic virus and potato virus X), and among DNA (which are relevant to us) are the Geminiviridae; small viruses (2.5-3.0 kb per single stranded DNA circle) which replicate within the nucleus, completely depending on host proteins to complete their life cycle. Which means another transformation method, one involving the modification of certain sequences in the Geminivirus, along with the addition of the relevant vir genes from A. tumefasciens or a transposon linked sequence, and our circuit, can be proposed.This way we would have a host-specific delivery system for plants, which could be transfected by a simple rub-inoculation. The system could be replication-competent or replication-deficient, depending on the modified sequences, and integrative or episomal in function of the number of vir genes added. Though not a major set-back, the rub-inoculation method has the disadvantage of limiting the number of specimens that can be transformed at one time; a difficulty that the reprogramator method does not have due to its sprayed inoculation approach. Genetic delivery system using specific virus for plants Conclusion Reference |