Team:Michigan/Collaborations/

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<p style="position:absolute;top:19px;left:337px"><font size="6"> TU Braunschweig & Dr. Hust </font></p>
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<p style="position:absolute;top:19px;left:287px"><font size="6"> TU Braunschweig & Dr. Hust </font></p>
<p style="position:absolute;top:88px;width:571px"> Once our project was designed, we seeked overview from specialists in the field. We reached out to Dr. Hust von Technische Universität Braunschweig (Department of Biotechnology). Dr. Hust specializes in building antibody gene libraries and purifying antibody scFvs in E.coli. Through a skype conference he looked over our project, advised experimental design, and helped us build a story around antibody scFv secretion in E.coli. After this discussion, we focused our project on Salmonella sensing and Dr. Hust sent us antibody scFvs targeting Salmonella proteins. These scFv were produced by Dr. Hust through antibody phage display. We wish to thank our collaborator for receiving us with attention and for such strong contribution to our work</p>
<p style="position:absolute;top:88px;width:571px"> Once our project was designed, we seeked overview from specialists in the field. We reached out to Dr. Hust von Technische Universität Braunschweig (Department of Biotechnology). Dr. Hust specializes in building antibody gene libraries and purifying antibody scFvs in E.coli. Through a skype conference he looked over our project, advised experimental design, and helped us build a story around antibody scFv secretion in E.coli. After this discussion, we focused our project on Salmonella sensing and Dr. Hust sent us antibody scFvs targeting Salmonella proteins. These scFv were produced by Dr. Hust through antibody phage display. We wish to thank our collaborator for receiving us with attention and for such strong contribution to our work</p>
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<p style="position:absolute;top:325px;left:205px"><font size="6"> Conference at Carnegie Mellon University </font></p>
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<p style="position:absolute;top:388px;width:571px"> On September 6, our team travelled to Pittsburgh to participate in a conference at Carnegie Mellon University, along with other iGEM teams from the University of Pittsburgh, Montgomery High School, and Pennsylvania State University. During this conference, all teams presented their projects and then gave and received feedback about the content and delivery of these presentations. We also participated in a wiki and presentation workshop in which we received advice from other advisers. Finally, there was a panel with past iGEM participants and current advisers, which gave us the opportunity to ask questions about what new participants could expect from the competition in November. Ultimately, this conference gave our team the opportunity to interact with other iGEM members and forge relationships with other teams, which helped us start a collaboration with the Montgomery High School team. This conference also allowed us to practice our presentation and understand how we could improve before heading off to Boston. </p>
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<p style="position:absolute;top:355px;width:884px"> Through this meeting with Covance, we were able to <b>gauge the practicality </b> of and <b>modify our project</b> to demonstrate the possible applications of our construct. She advised against an aspect of our project that aimed to improve current probiotic supplements with secretable antibodies. For instance, probiotic supplements could have implications in the cattle industry. <i>E. coli</i> is a naturally occurring bacterium in the intestinal microbiome of cattle, and probiotics are used extensively in the industry to promote good health in the cattle. By inoculating currently used probiotics with <i>E. coli</i> capable of secreting antibodies specific to antigens on the surface of Salmonella cells, we could effect agglutination and removal of harmful bacteria. However, Christine advised against this due to the required resources, length of project, and complications with animal testing. We were able to <b> narrow the focus </b> of our project by concentrating on producing overexpressed antibodies that could be secreted and purified easily. By allowing simplified antibody purification, we could make improvements in the time it takes to go from demand to detection. This method seeks to go beyond the bench by allowing others in both <b>academia and industry</b> to obtain complexly folded proteins easily. This collaboration with Covance also <b>guided our Economic Analysis</b>, as we sought to determine the major limitations of antibody production in the biopharmaceutical market. </p>
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<p style="position:absolute;top:660px;left:289px"><font size="6"> Collaboration with USTC </font></p>
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<p style="position:absolute;top:742px;width:511px"> We collaborated with Fangming Xie while he was here participating in a physics REU program at U of M. He was a member of the iGEM team at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Before leaving to go back to China he visited our lab where we discussed the progress of our work and potential future collaboration opportunities. We plan to aid USTC with translating and preparing their project for the conference in Boston</p>
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<p style="position:absolute;top:595px;left:337px"><font size="6"> Public Health Implications </font></p>
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<p style="position:absolute;top:635px;width:884px"> Salmonella, the cause of gastroenteritis, poses potential risks of mild to life threatening infections.  In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that food-borne Salmonella infections cause 1.2 million illnesses yearly, with more than 23,000 hospitalizations and 450 deaths.  The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimated that Salmonella cost the nation about $2.65 billion a year [3]. Consequently, detecting and treating pathogenic Salmonella is important to food and health industries [1]. </p>
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<p style="position:absolute;top:1000px;width:884px"> Environmental samples, food products, and organisms are all tested for Salmonella.  Current detection methods require culturing samples on selective media for preliminary identification that must later be confirmed using biochemical and serological testing.  Biochemical indicators include fermentation of glucose, negative urease reaction, lysine decarboxylase, negative indole test, hydrogen sulfide production, and fermentation of dulcitol.  Serotyping examines for flagellar (H) and somatic (O) antigens.  Salmonella can also be detected using an ELISA, where the Salmonella antigen is immobilized, bound with specific antibodies, and washed to remove any proteins or other bound antibodies.  The result is a visible signal that quantifies the amount of Salmonella antigen present [2].  The cost of the antibodies required in an ELISA can be reduced by using our OsmY purification system.
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<p style="position:absolute;top:1150px;width:884px"> References: </br>
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[1] "Salmonella." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 28 Aug. 2014. Web. 17 Oct. 2014. <http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/>.
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[2] Santiago-Felipe, S., Tortajada-Genaro, L. A., Puchades, R. & Maquieira, A. Recombinase polymerase and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a DNA amplification-detection strategy for food analysis. Analytica chimica acta. 811, 81–7 (2014).
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[3] Ross, Robert. "USDA Estimates E Coli, Salmonella Costs at $3.1 Billion." CIDRAP. University of Minnesota, 24 May 2010. Web. 25 Aug. 2014. <http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2010/05/usda-estimates-e-coli-salmonella-costs-31-billion>.
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TU Braunschweig & Dr. Hust

Once our project was designed, we seeked overview from specialists in the field. We reached out to Dr. Hust von Technische Universität Braunschweig (Department of Biotechnology). Dr. Hust specializes in building antibody gene libraries and purifying antibody scFvs in E.coli. Through a skype conference he looked over our project, advised experimental design, and helped us build a story around antibody scFv secretion in E.coli. After this discussion, we focused our project on Salmonella sensing and Dr. Hust sent us antibody scFvs targeting Salmonella proteins. These scFv were produced by Dr. Hust through antibody phage display. We wish to thank our collaborator for receiving us with attention and for such strong contribution to our work

Conference at Carnegie Mellon University

On September 6, our team travelled to Pittsburgh to participate in a conference at Carnegie Mellon University, along with other iGEM teams from the University of Pittsburgh, Montgomery High School, and Pennsylvania State University. During this conference, all teams presented their projects and then gave and received feedback about the content and delivery of these presentations. We also participated in a wiki and presentation workshop in which we received advice from other advisers. Finally, there was a panel with past iGEM participants and current advisers, which gave us the opportunity to ask questions about what new participants could expect from the competition in November. Ultimately, this conference gave our team the opportunity to interact with other iGEM members and forge relationships with other teams, which helped us start a collaboration with the Montgomery High School team. This conference also allowed us to practice our presentation and understand how we could improve before heading off to Boston.

Collaboration with USTC

We collaborated with Fangming Xie while he was here participating in a physics REU program at U of M. He was a member of the iGEM team at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Before leaving to go back to China he visited our lab where we discussed the progress of our work and potential future collaboration opportunities. We plan to aid USTC with translating and preparing their project for the conference in Boston