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| - | <p><a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#Description"><font color="blue">Description</font></a> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#Objective"><font color="blue">Objective</font></a> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#Explanation"><font color="blue">Explanation</font></a> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#Bases"><font color="blue">Bases</font></a> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#Conclusion"><font color="blue">Conclusion</font></a><br><br><b>Synthetic Rally</b><br>
| + | <br><br><b>Overview</b><br> |
| - | <br><a name="Description"></a><b>Description</b> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#"><font color="blue">Return</font></a></p>
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| - | <p align="justify">One of our activities for human practices consisted in creating a rally that would teach synthetic biology to students from 9th grade. We wanted to show something that was, in some cases, difficult to explain. The plan was to teach them some basic things about molecular biology that would help them understand each of the bases of the rally, including genes and biobricks, and how they could use these to design a circuit for a project. We decided that each of the bases would represent different parts of this year’s circuit, explaining how each of the parts work. For example, base one represented the Promoter; base two, the Riboswitch, and so on. </p> | + | <p align="justify">Since the adoption of the toggle switch [1] and logic gates [2] through the use of synthetic gene circuits, synthetic biologists have demonstrated that cells can be programmed as computers. Subsequently, the component problem [3] drove scientists to the generation of additional parts in order to make possible such programming of living cells. As a next step in bioprogramming, our team designed a strategy to hack programmed cells in situ. We believe that several applications will emerge from our conception, some of them approaching biosafety methods for the release of GMOs into the environment.</p> |
| - | <p><br><a name=" Objective"></a><b> Objective</b> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#"><font color="blue">Return</font></a></p> | + | <p><br><a name=" What is hacking"></a><b> What is hacking</b> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#"><font color="blue">Return</font></a></p > |
| - | <p align="justify">The objective was mainly to help students understand that genetically modified machines work, basically, like a normal machine. We wanted to explain each of the parts that formed our circuit, how each of them worked according to its function, and how every part is necessary for the circuit to work. But all of these are hard to understand when you can’t see the relation between both types of machines. When you tell people who know nothing about genetic engineering that you are building a genetic machine, they have no idea of what to imagine; of how that could work. So we tried to show it to the students in the simplest way. </p> | + | <br> |
| - | <p><br><a name=" Explanation"></a><b> Explanation</b> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#"><font color="blue">Return</font></a></p> | + | <p align="justify">Speaking about computer systems, the word "hacking" has two definitions [4]. The first one, the most commonly known in the globe, refers to the action of breaking into computer systems to sabotage, rearrange/reprogram, and/or monitor a system, the information contained in the system and how the system is programmed . The second one, rarely used in mainstream context, refers to the advanced understanding of computer systems.</p> |
| - | <p align="justify">The first thing we did when arriving to the school, was to organize all of the materials needed for each one of the bases. While we were doing this, three of our team members went to one of the classrooms that the school had lent us, and explained some basic things about DNA and genes to the students. They explained it in a simple manner, just so the students could understand that these were needed to form the biobricks, and these last ones to form a circuit. But that part was explained later on.</p> | + | <p><br><a name=" Bio-hacking"></a><b> Bio-hacking</b> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#"><font color="blue">Return</font></a></p> |
| - | <p align="justify">After finishing the presentation, the 40 students from the first classroom went outside, to the first base. We divided them in two groups, and gave the first twenty of them small ribands of different colors, to divide them in teams for them to compete. The other twenty were kept waiting, while some of us asked them questions for a survey about transgenic food.</p> | + | <p align="justify">Experts in biology are recently being called biohackers. However, in our work we refer to the term as the ability to sabotage or rearrange/reprogram DNA codified programs in a cell. |
| - | <p align="justify">We handed out one small card with the drawing of our circuit to each one of the teams from the first group; a card that we would mark, whenever they finished one of the bases, with the points they had earned. The one who came out first place would receive 4 points; second place would receive 3, and third and fourth place would receive 2. We had one person in charge of writing down the points in each card to keep track of who was winning. After explaining all of this, the rally began. </p>
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| - | <p align="justify">The first thing we did at each one of the bases was to identify the name; say if it was the promoter, the terminator, the RBS… and we then gave an explanation of what it was without explaining completely how it worked. At the end of the activity, we would state the relationship between what they had played and the way the actual part of the circuit functioned. Then the one in charged would yell, and they would change bases. When the first group passed to the second base, the group that was kept waiting entered the first base. </p> | + | <br><br>Cells, as computers, have numerous programs contained on their DNA that provide them with a number of functions, for instance, operons for the metabolism of compounds that are only active in the presence of the specific compound and metabolic routes for the biosynthesis of aminoacids that are coordinated to produce the aminoacids as required. |
| - | <p><br><a name=" Bases"></a><b> Bases</b> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#"><font color="blue">Return</font></a></p> | + | |
| - | <p align="justify">''BASE 1: PROMOTER'' - The activity was called Streets and Avenues, but the game was changed a little bit. All the teams would be aligned, forming a square, and one person from each team would be standing at each corner. That person would have to find his/her match; someone with the same color inside the square. For example, maybe someone form team Blue, inside the square, would be Yellow. The Yellow person outside would have to find that Blue person before the others found their match, with the path changing just as it does in the common “Streets and Avenues“ game. </p> | + | <br<br>In iGEM, as an international competition of synthetic biology, artificial programs are used to engineer organisms with the use of plasmids as the vectors that contain these programs. In our project, we present a strategy to be able to hack these artificial programs with high specificity, i.e., without affecting any program not developed at the laboratory.</p> |
| - | <p align="justify">''How does this relate to the promoter?'' The promoter needs to find the one thing that starts it, for the circuit to start too. </p> | + | |
| - | <p align="justify">''BASE 2: RIBOSWITCH'' - This activity was called Dragons. Each team had to form a line and hold hands, being really careful not to let go. The person in the very front would be the head, and the last one, with a bandana hanging on their clothes, would be the tail. The objective was that the head would have to take the other team’s bandana, being careful that they didn’t lose theirs. The moment the team lost theirs, they would lose and have to stop right where they were. </p> | + | <p><br><a name=" Applications of bio-hacking"></a><b> Applications of bio-hacking</b> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#"><font color="blue">Return</font></a></p> |
| - | <p align="justify">''How does this relate to the Riboswitch?'' The riboswitch turns the circuit on and off, depending on several conditions. In this game, the team was “On“ while they still had their bandana; they were turned “Off“ when they lost it. </p> | + | <p align="justify">Every year, students' efforts result in valuable biological machines with exploitable applications. Unfortunately, concerns about their release into the environment restrict their exploitability. Being able to hack the genetic composition of an organism in situ would allow to control genetically modified organisms (GMOs) if they became a problem. |
| - | <p align="justify">''BASE 3: PROTEIN CODING SEQUENCES'' - This base was one of the hardest to fulfill. We designed a “labyrinth“ of conditions that each team would have to pass through. They would have to dress up with objects in some boxes, and depending on what they wore, they would move through the squares. The one who found the perfect combination would win. | + | |
| | + | <br><br>Additionally, as in computers, updates would be needed at some points and that would also be possible with our strategy. </p> |
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| | + | <p align="justify"><b><font color="black" size="5px">References</font></b> |
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| | + | [1] Gardner TS, Cantor CR, Collins JJ. (2000) Construction of a genetic toggle switch in Escherichia coli. Nature. 403(6767):339-42. |
| | + | <br>[2] Siuti P, Yazbek J, Lu TK. (2013) Synthetic circuits integrating logic and memory in living cells. Nat Biotechnol. 31(5):448-52. |
| | + | <br>[3] Bennett MR, Hasty J. (2009) Overpowering the component problem. Nat Biotechnol. 27(5): 450–451. |
| | + | <br>[4] Holt TJ, Schell BH. (2013) Hackers and Hacking: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO, LLC. 344. |
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| - | <p align="justify">''How does this relate to the protein coding sequence?'' Protein coding sequences, as stated in the Registry of Standard Biological Parts, encode the amino acid sequence of one particular protein. In the game there was only one perfect combination, one combination that would make you win; and you had to find it. </p>
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| - | <p align="justify">“BASE 4: RBS“ - This activity was somewhat simple, yet fun anyway. We would have two people holding a piece of fabric next to two other people, also holding a piece of fabric, and they would be passing along a small ball, in several different ways, to a small box on the other side of the field. For example, the first time it would be walking and passing the ball however they could. The second time, they would have to throw it as higher as possible, and running. The third time would be running backwards, and the fourth would be jumping on one foot. Only one team got to the fifth time, and they had to do it backwards and jumping on one foot. At the end, the team with the greatest amount of balls inside their box, won.</p>
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| - | <p align="justify">''How does this relate to the RBS?'' The RBS is the place where the ribosomes bind and start the process of translation. The small balls represent the ribosome trying to get to the RBS, the box. </p>
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| - | <p align="justify">“BASE 5: REPORTER“ - The activity was quite simple, and at the same time complicated. We had to build 4 boxes with wires, batteries and a light bulb; only two wires would be connected to the batteries and could turn on the light bulb. There were 20 wires, and the first team who found the combination and turn on the light, would win.</p>
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| - | <p align="justify">''How does this relate to the Reporter?'' The light would turn on whenever the right wires were connected; it acted like a signal. That’s what the reporter does; when the condition is fulfilled, it sends a signal to let you know, just like the light.</p>
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| - | <p align="justify">“BASE 6: TERMINATOR“ - The last activity was just like a game named Doctor, except that we used balloons instead. Each team would have to get in a closed circle, but instead of holding hands directly, they would hold a large balloon. Then they would have to tangle, without letting go of the balloons, as much as possible. The “doctor“ would then have to undo their “knot“, without breaking the circle. The first ones to blow up or let go of their balloon would lose. </p>
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| - | <p align="justify">''How does this relate to the terminator?“ The terminator causes transcription to stop; it sort of “breaks it off“. In the game, “transcription“ stopped whenever the person blow up or let go of the balloon. </p>
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| - | <p><br><a name="Conclusion"></a><b>Conclusion</b> - <a href="https://2013hs.igem.org/Team:CIDEB-UANL_Mexico/HP-SchoolDiffusion-SyntheticRally#"><font color="blue">Return</font></a></p>
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| - | <p align="justify">At the end of the rally, we gave an explanation of the whole circuit; how every part was connected to make it function. We answered questions, we took a picture, and we prized the winner team with a box of cookies. Some of them asked if we had a page on Facebook, and others just thanked us for coming. </p>
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| - | <p align="justify">One of the girls who was helping us with the rally, was not from the team. She was from second semester, and was really interested in iGEM when she found out about it, so she asked if she could come and help. She was of great support; taking pictures and helping us organize everything. At the end it all worked out, even though the day before we were all going crazy because most of the things were missing. It was a really fun experience. </p>
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