Team:Brasil-SP/Project/Cystatin

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<div align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/ba/CysC_table.png"></div>
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<div align="center">ABRAHAMSON, M., Cystatins, <em>Meth. Enzymol.</em> <strong>240</strong>: 685-700 (1994)</div>
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<div align="center">ABRAHAMSON M.,1994</div>
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<!--Cystatin C, likewise other low molecular weight proteins, is freely filtered by the glomeruli and it is almost completely reabsorbed in the proximal tubules. The level of Cystatin C remain constant when its production is equivalent to the nonreabsorbed portion. In patients with renal dysfunction, the GFR is lower because a smaller amount of filtered blood is filtered; as a consequence, a smaller amount of Cystatin C is reabsorbed by the proximal tubules, resulting in lower levels of excreted Cystatin C. Logically, a decrease in GFR implies an increase of Cystatin C concentration in the blood. Thus, the Cystatin C concentration in the blood is totally dependent on the GFR.</div></p>-->
 
<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c8/Crystal_structure_of_human_cystatin_C.png" width="300" height "auto" </p>
<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c8/Crystal_structure_of_human_cystatin_C.png" width="300" height "auto" </p>
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<p><b>References</b></p>
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<br><div align="center">ABRAHAMSON M., Cystatins, <em>Meth. Enzymol.</em> <strong>240</strong>: 685-700 (1994)</div>
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Revision as of 21:01, 15 October 2014

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Cystatin C

     Cystatin C (Cys C), an inhibitor of cysteine proteases, has 120 amino acid residues and it is produced by all nucleated cells. It is an excellent biomarker for renal dysfunction, especially for the Chronic Kidney Disease (CDK), due to its constant rate in the blood and its independence of the aforementioned variables (diet, gender, ethnicity, age, muscle mass, and others), varying only with changes in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). More specifically, Cys C levels rises when GFR descreases and falls when the GFR increases.

     In order to work with a system capable of detecting a inhibitor like Cys C, choose a enzyme that has its activity inhibited specifically by the Cys C, so we could measure the Cys C levels through alteration in the enzyme activity. Several scientific studies have shown that Cystatin C has inhibitory activity against Papain and Cathepsin S illustrated in the table below.

ABRAHAMSON M.,1994




References


ABRAHAMSON M., Cystatins, Meth. Enzymol. 240: 685-700 (1994)

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