Revision as of 19:46, 15 October 2014

Cambridge iGEM 2014

Project

Marchantia polymorpha as an open-source sensing platform

Overview

Sensing is an essential aspect of engineering: we need information about the world to make intelligent efforts to manipulate it. Biosensors allow us to detect compounds and the environment using genetically-enhanced life forms, harnessing specialised functions evolved over millions of years. At present, the creation of such biosensors requires expert knowledge and dedicated facilities.

What if it were possible to create customised biosensors in the comfort of one's home?

Plants as biosensors have the potential to make this a reality – vastly improving access to the technology with the further benefit of being inexpensive and self-reproducing. Marchantia polymorpha is a plant chassis that makes an exceptional candidate:

• It’s transformable; it can be modified for characteristics that suit a range of applications.

• It’s small, and transformant lines can be shipped as spores and stored for at least 1 year.

• It’s fast growing, with a one month generation cycle dominated by a haploid phase, and a transformation protocol that takes less than 2 weeks.

We are introducing Marchantia polymorpha as a flexible, open source biosensor.

mösbi is a modular, open-source biosensing platform developed using a novel, user-friendly plant chassis: Marchantia polymorpha. The mösbi biosensors consist of 3 modules: input, output and processing. The user is free to mix-and-match the modules to create custom biosensors simply by crossing the chosen modules’ pre-transformed plant lines and collecting the progeny. mösbi's open-source nature allows users to create and modify modules ensuring its continuous evolution. In farming, homes, and education - mösbi will change the way we view biosensors.

Our Design

Our genetic framework consists of three modules: input, processing and output. These modules are linked using transcription factors and inducible promoters. By interchanging inputs and outputs, Mösbi can be designed and adapted to sense myriad conditions or chemicals indicated by reporters that suit the user context. The flexibility of this modular framework allows many devices to be constructed from the same library of components.

Project Description and History

Content

References

Overall project summary
Project Details
Materials and Methods
The Experiments
Results
Data analysis
Conclusions

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-<h1>Introduction to Marchantia</h1>
-<p>Marchantia polymorpha is a member of one of the most primitive divisions of land plants, the liverworts. It grows as flat sheets of tissue called thalli (a singular one is called a thallus), and once spotted is a common sight by the sides of ponds and streams, and in shaded gaps in masonry throughout the world. Each plant grows to be between two and ten centimetres across, and is quite unlike more familiar plants in a number of ways.</p>
-<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f8/Thalli%2C_phores_and_a_shoe.jpg" width = 800> </img> </p>
-<p>Liverworts are defined by their simplicity. Marchantia, like other liverworts, has no vascular tissue and anchors itself not with true roots but with very long single cells called rhizoids, which become a matted array of filaments extending only ten or fifteen millimetres into the substrate. This simplicity is due to the retention of primitive characteristics evolved in early plants. One of these is the absence of flowers or seeds and the propagation of the plant in two old-fashioned ways.</p>
-<p>One of these ways is through the splash cups (or gemma cups) which pockmark the upper surface of the plant. Inside these cups grow tiny sproutlings of Marchantia called gemmae, with undeveloped rhizoids and thalli. They are halted from growing large inside their cups by the release of a compounds called lunularic acid into the space they inhabit. When it rains, drops which fall into these cups rebound out and take these tiny gemmae with them, carrying them to the soil. Once on solid ground, they start to grow into a new individual.</p>
-<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/1f/Gemma_Cup.jpg" width = 800> </img> </p>
-<p>Marchantia can reproduce sexually as well as through this ‘fragmentation’, and is in fact dioecious, meaning that an individual plant is either a male or a female. When induced by a shift in ambient light to far red, which signals that other plants are looming overhead, strange mushroom-like structures begin to sprout from the top of each plant. In males, these eventually take the form of a flat polygonal table, in females, the sprouts become archegonia, which look like miniature palm trees and bear eggs. </p>
-<p>The antheridia, as the male table-like structures are called, produce two-tailed sperm instead of the pollen you might expect. These are spread by rain to the waiting eggs of the archegonia , which they fertilise and induce to become hardy spores. These spores number in the thousands in each archegonium, which when twinned with the dispersal of gemma makes Marchantia very prolific.</p>
-<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c3/Arch_and_anth.jpg" width = 800> </img> </p>
-<p>The plants also have the ability to regenerate a whole new plant from a mere scrap of tissue, without the necessity of adding any hormones or other growth factors. Like in other primitive plants such as ferns, every cell contains a haploid genome except for a small amount of sexual tissue during the plant’s spore production stage.</p>
-<p>These characteristics and the simple structure of Marchantia’s genome, which often contains just one gene where in higher plants (like Arabidopsis) are found complex clusters of genes of similar and overlapping functions, make it a fascinating plant to study. They also make it a chassis perfect for synthetic biology. </p>
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Team:Cambridge-JIC/Project

From 2014.igem.org