Team:MIT/Treatment

<h3 style="font-size:30px">Treatment Module <a name="top" ></a></h3>

<font size=4>One liner description</font><br /><br />

<a name="description"></a>

<h2>Outcome</h2><a name="outcome" ></a>

<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/17/MIT_results.jpg"><br>

To test our miRNA’s effectiveness at down-regulating BACE1 expression we transfected separate HEK293 cultures with either (1) BACE1 under constitutive expression by the Hef1a promoter or (2) with BACE1 under constitutive expression by the Hef1a promoter and with a miRNA-generating vector inducibly regulated by the TRE promoter. We performed these transfections in duplicate—once with native BACE1, and then once with eYFP-tagged BACE1. There were two variants of this eYFP-tagged BACE1 construct—one with eYFP linked to the N-terminus of Bace1 and another with eYFP on the C-terminus. We created these two variants after considering the possibility that linking eYFP to either terminus of Bace1 might interfere with the peptide’s native structure or function.  

After transfection and Doxycycline-induction of our miRNA-generating vectors, we used flow cytometry to verify that the miRNA-generating vectors were being expressed. Proper splicing of the mature miRNA out of the expression vector leaves an intact mKate coding sequence in the vector, so emission of red fluorescence from our transfected HEK293 indicates proper miRNA processing.

Following confirmation of successful miRNA expression, we planned three experiments to assay the change in BACE1 expression by miRNA’s. The first experiment was based on Anaspec’s SensoLyte 520 β-Secretase Assay Kit. This commercial kit uses a FRET-based technique wherein biological samples are mixed with a proprietary solution containing a BACE1 mimic substrate. One terminal of this mimic substrate is conjugated to a fluorophore and the other terminal is conjugated to a fluorescence quencher. So proteolytic Bace1 activity causes cleavage of the proprietary substrate, which increases fluorescence due to separation of the fluorophore from the quencher. Relative Bace1 activity in biological samples can be assayed by measuring the intensity of the fluorophore emission and comparing to a standard curve.  

The second planned experiment involved the previously mentioned eYFP-tagged Bace1 construct. Comparison of yellow fluorescence in miRNA-transfected versus miRNA-untransfected HEK293 would offer evidence as to whether BACE1 expression increases or decreases under the regulation of our miRNA’s. Furthermore, microscopy would allow us to visualize where Bace1 localizes in the cell.  

Our third intended experiment was RT-PCR. We planned to isolate bulk RNA from the transfected HEK293, perform cDNA synthesis on the isolated RNA, and then use quantitative RT-PCR to determine the relative amount of Bace1 mRNA in miRNA-transfected versus miRNA-untransfected HEK293 to determine the efficacy of our miRNA’s in targeting BACE1 mRNA for degradation.  

Our experiments to test our effectiveness at inducibly up-regulating BACE2 expression relied essentially on the same assays for BACE1: an Anaspec FRET assay; measurement of fluorescence from the YFP-tagged transfections; and RT-PCR. The one important difference between the BACE1 and BACE2 experiments was only that the BACE2 experiment required a simpler initial transfection. We transfected two cultures of HEK293 with either (1) a vector inducibly expressing BACE2 under control of the TRE promoter or (2) with a vector inducibly expressing BACE2 under control of a TRE promoter and with a vector constitutively expressing the rtTA transcription factor. So by comparing the amount of BACE2 expression in the induced versus un-induced transfection samples, we could determine our effectiveness at up-regulating BACE2 expression.  

<h2>Parts</h2><a name="parts" ></a>

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