Team:Lethbridge/results

From 2014.igem.org

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<center><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/project"><image src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/8f/Neuro_Results_Header.jpg" width="600px" height="300px"/></a></center>
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<h2>Team Parts Sandbox</h2>
<h2>Team Parts Sandbox</h2>
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<table border="0" style="background-color:#FFF" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5">
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<td><strong>Name</strong></td>
<td><strong>Name</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td>[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419001 BBa_K1419001]</td>
<td>[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419001 BBa_K1419001]</td>
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<td>RNA Part</td>
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<td>Device</td>
<td>Arabinose inducible lysis casette with RNA-IN</td>
<td>Arabinose inducible lysis casette with RNA-IN</td>
<td>Zak Stinson</td>
<td>Zak Stinson</td>
-
<td>32</td>
+
<td>2982</td>
                 <td> </td>
                 <td> </td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<td>[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419002 BBa_K1419002]</td>
<td>[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419002 BBa_K1419002]</td>
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<td>Device</td>
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<td>RNA Part</td>
<td>RNA-OUT component for an Arabinose inducible lysis casette</td>
<td>RNA-OUT component for an Arabinose inducible lysis casette</td>
<td>Harland Brandon</td>
<td>Harland Brandon</td>
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<td>117****#$*#$</td>
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<td>117</td>
                 <td> </td>
                 <td> </td>
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<td>[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419003 BBa_K1419003]</td>
<td>[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419003 BBa_K1419003]</td>
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<td>Device</td>
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<td>RNA Part</td>
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<td>RNA-OUT component for a Universal Regulation System</td>
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<td>RNA-IN RBS Universal Adaptor for Translation Riboregulation</td>
<td>Harland Brandon</td>
<td>Harland Brandon</td>
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<td>117****#$*#$</td>
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<td>39</td>
                 <td> </td>
                 <td> </td>
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<td>TEV Protease</td>
<td>TEV Protease</td>
<td>Harland Brandon</td>
<td>Harland Brandon</td>
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<td>729DFDGFHFDHF</td>
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<td>740</td>
                 <td> </td>
                 <td> </td>
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<td>Lamp2B-Clover </td>
<td>Lamp2B-Clover </td>
<td>Harland Brandon</td>
<td>Harland Brandon</td>
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<td>2241</td>
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<td>2170</td>
                 <td><center> Yes </center></td>
                 <td><center> Yes </center></td>
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<p class="ex">To test if our RVG-Lamp2B construct was being appropriately expressed and folded, we fused Clover (a green fluorescent protein) to the C-terminus of Lamp2B. Using the Phyre2 server, we were able to generate a model of the predicted structure of our RVG-Lamp2B-Clover fusion protein based on homology and multi-template <i>ab initio</i> modeling.</p>
<p class="ex">To test if our RVG-Lamp2B construct was being appropriately expressed and folded, we fused Clover (a green fluorescent protein) to the C-terminus of Lamp2B. Using the Phyre2 server, we were able to generate a model of the predicted structure of our RVG-Lamp2B-Clover fusion protein based on homology and multi-template <i>ab initio</i> modeling.</p>
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<center>[[Image:Lamp2B_Clover_Structure.jpg|500px]]</center>
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<center>[[Image:Lamp2B_Clover_exosomes.JPG|700px]]</center>
<center>[[Image:Lamp2B_Clover_exosomes.JPG|700px]]</center>
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<p class="ex"><b>Figure 2. Confocal (60x) images of non-lipofected control HEK-293 cells versus pcDNA3.0-RVG-Lamp2B-Clover and pcDNA3.0-Clover lipofected HEK-293 cells.</b> Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. A: Non-lipofected control HEK-293 cells. B: HEK-293 cells expressing Clover. C: Hek-293 cells expressing RVG-Lamp2B-Clover.</p><br>
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<p class="ex"><b>Figure 2. Confocal (60x) images of non-lipofected control HEK-293 cells versus pcDNA3.0-RVG-Lamp2B-Clover and pcDNA3.0-Clover lipofected HEK-293 cells.</b> Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). A) Non-lipofected control HEK-293 cells. B) HEK-293 cells expressing Clover (green). C) Hek-293 cells expressing RVG-Lamp2B-Clover (green).</p><br>
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<p class="ex">To confirm that the RVG-Lamp2B-Clover protein construct was being targeted to exosomal membranes (and were not simply cytosolic), culture media was collected from the lipofected and control HEK-293 cell cultures and exosomes were purified via ultracentrifugation. After lysis, the exosomes isolated from pcDNA3.0-RVG-Lamp2B-Clover lipofected cultures demonstrated an elevated level of fluorescence (505-620nm) that corresponds to the emission wavelength of Clover (515nm) indicating appropriate targeting of the engineered protein to exosomal membranes.</p>
+
<p class="ex">To confirm that the RVG-Lamp2B-Clover protein construct was being targeted to exosomal membranes (and were not simply cytosolic), culture media was collected from the lipofected and control HEK-293 cell cultures and exosomes were purified via ultracentrifugation. After lysis, the exosomes isolated from pcDNA3.0-RVG-Lamp2B-Clover lipofected cultures demonstrated an elevated level of fluorescence (505-620 nm) that corresponds to the emission wavelength of Clover (515 nm) indicating appropriate targeting of the engineered protein to exosomal membranes.</p>
<center>[[Image:Fluorimeter_data.jpg|700px]]</center>
<center>[[Image:Fluorimeter_data.jpg|700px]]</center>
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<p class="ex"><b>Figure 3. Exosomes were isolated from HEK-293 cells expressing the RVG-Lamp2B-Clover construct and lysed with 0.5% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate.</b> Lysed exosomes demonstrate elevated fluorescence in the 505-620nm range relative to control and unlysed samples. Clover has an emission wavelength of 515nm.</p><br>
+
<p class="ex"><b>Figure 3. Lysed exosomes demonstrate elevated fluorescence in the 505-620 nm range relative to control and unlysed samples.</b> Clover has an emission wavelength of 515 nm. Exosomes were isolated from HEK-293 cells expressing the RVG-Lamp2B-Clover construct and lysed with 0.5% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate.</p><br>
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<p class="ex">We are now in the process of replacing Clover with a Transcription Activator-Like Effector (TALE) DNA-binding protein to the C-terminus of Lamp2B to anchor the therapeutic NeuroD1 plasmid within newly formed exosomes.</p>
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<p class="ex">Mouse microglia (EOC 13.31) cell cultures were subsequently transfected with the RVG-Lamp2B-Clover construct and demonstrated an elevation in Clover expression similar to that of lipofected HEK-293 cells.</p>
 +
<center>[[Image:Microglia_Clover.JPG|400px]]</center>
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<br>
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<p class="ex"><b>Figure 4. Confocal (60x) image of pcDNA3.0-RVG-Lamp2B-Clover lipofected EOC 13.31 (mouse microglia) cells.</b> Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and extranuclear Clover expression is evident in green.</p><br>
 +
<html><p class="ex">We are now in the process of replacing Clover with a Gal4 DNA-binding protein (<a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K105007">K105007</a>) to the C-terminus of Lamp2B to anchor the therapeutic NeuroD1 plasmid within newly formed exosomes.</p></html>
<h2>Astrocytic expression of <i>NeuroD1</i> and resulting phenotype</h2>
<h2>Astrocytic expression of <i>NeuroD1</i> and resulting phenotype</h2>
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<p class="ex">To test if expression of NeuroD1 has a phenotypic effect on astrocytes, pcDNA3.0-NeuroD1-Clover was lipofected into (or just added to the media of) C8-D30 cultures. After one week, all astrocyte cells demonstrated cytosolic Clover expression and very weak nuclear expression of NeuN, an indicator of mature neurons. However, the cell bodies and processes were still astrocytic in appearance indicating either an insufficient level of NeuroD1 expression to induce changes to a neural phenotype OR a problem with the design/construction of the plasmid. We are currently addressing both of these possibilities.</p>
+
<p class="ex">To test if expression of NeuroD1 had a phenotypic effect on astrocytes, pcDNA3.0-NeuroD1-Clover was transfected into C8-D30 cultures. After one week, both control and transfected astrocyte cells demonstrated extensive cytosolic Doublecortin (DCX) expression (an indicator of immature neurons) and very weak nuclear expression of NeuN (an indicator of mature neurons). Furthermore, the cell bodies and processes were still astrocytic in appearance and no Clover expression was evident in transfected cultures, indicating either a problem with the construction or expression of the plasmid and/or that the cell line is not representative of typical mature astrocytes. We are currently addressing both of these possibilities.</p>
 +
 
<center>[[Image:Astrocyte_Clover_NeuN.JPG|700px]]</center>
<center>[[Image:Astrocyte_Clover_NeuN.JPG|700px]]</center>
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<p class="ex"><b>Figure 4. C8-D30 (astrocyte) cell cultures transfected with pcDNA3.0-NeuroD1-Clover demonstrate elevated cytosolic Clover and weak nuclear NeuN expression.</b> Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. A) Astrocytes transfected with pcDNA3.0-NeuroD1-Clover express Clover (green) in the cytoplasm. B) Weak nuclear NeuN (red) labeling was observed in NeuroD1-Clover expressing astrocytes.</p><br>
+
 
 +
<p class="ex"><b>Figure 5. Confocal (60x) image of C8-D30 (mouse astrocyte) cells transfected with pcDNA3.0-NeuroD1-Clover and non-transfected controls (not shown) both demonstrate elevated cytosolic Doublecortin labeling and weak nuclear NeuN expression.</b> Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). A) No Clover expression (green) was evident in transfected astrocytes. B) Extensive cytosolic Doublecortin (grey) staining was observed in both controls (not shown) and transfected cells. C) Weak nuclear NeuN (red) labeling was evident in both controls (not shown) and transfected cells. 
 +
</p><br>
 +
 
 +
<h2>Exosome Purification</h2>
 +
 
 +
<center>[[Image:UofLInset.PNG|700px]]</center>
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 +
<p class="ex"><b>Figure 6. Transmission Electron Microscopy micrograph of isolated exosomes.</b> These were fixed in 2% PFA and negatively stained with uranyl acetate. The size and distinctive morphology of the stained exosome isolates conforms with previous reports in the literature. </p><br>

Latest revision as of 03:57, 18 October 2014



Contents

Results

Team Parts Sandbox

Name Type Description Designer Length Favorite Part
[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419000 BBa_K1419000] Device Arabinose inducible lysis casette Zak Stinson 3002
[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419001 BBa_K1419001] Device Arabinose inducible lysis casette with RNA-IN Zak Stinson 2982
[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419002 BBa_K1419002] RNA Part RNA-OUT component for an Arabinose inducible lysis casette Harland Brandon 117
[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419003 BBa_K1419003] RNA Part RNA-IN RBS Universal Adaptor for Translation Riboregulation Harland Brandon 39
[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419004 BBa_K1419004] Device TEV Protease Harland Brandon 740
[http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1419005 BBa_K1419005] Device Lamp2B-Clover Harland Brandon 2170
Yes

Expression and localization of RVG-Lamp2B protein construct

To test if our RVG-Lamp2B construct was being appropriately expressed and folded, we fused Clover (a green fluorescent protein) to the C-terminus of Lamp2B. Using the Phyre2 server, we were able to generate a model of the predicted structure of our RVG-Lamp2B-Clover fusion protein based on homology and multi-template ab initio modeling.

Lamp2B Clover Structure.jpg

Figure 1. The predicted structure of the RVG-Lamp2B-Clover fusion protein. The Clover domain is shown in red with Lamp2B below in green and the RVG domain evident at the bottom in blue.


The pcDNA3.0-RVG-Lamp2B-Clover plasmid and a pcDNA3.0-Clover control were lipofected into separate Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK-293) cell cultures (HEK-293 cells are a resilient and rapidly dividing cell line also known to produce exosomes). In both lipofected cultures, there was elevated cytosolic green fluorescence relative to non-lipofected controls, which confirms expression and proper folding of the protein construct.

Lamp2B Clover exosomes.JPG

Figure 2. Confocal (60x) images of non-lipofected control HEK-293 cells versus pcDNA3.0-RVG-Lamp2B-Clover and pcDNA3.0-Clover lipofected HEK-293 cells. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). A) Non-lipofected control HEK-293 cells. B) HEK-293 cells expressing Clover (green). C) Hek-293 cells expressing RVG-Lamp2B-Clover (green).


To confirm that the RVG-Lamp2B-Clover protein construct was being targeted to exosomal membranes (and were not simply cytosolic), culture media was collected from the lipofected and control HEK-293 cell cultures and exosomes were purified via ultracentrifugation. After lysis, the exosomes isolated from pcDNA3.0-RVG-Lamp2B-Clover lipofected cultures demonstrated an elevated level of fluorescence (505-620 nm) that corresponds to the emission wavelength of Clover (515 nm) indicating appropriate targeting of the engineered protein to exosomal membranes.

Fluorimeter data.jpg

Figure 3. Lysed exosomes demonstrate elevated fluorescence in the 505-620 nm range relative to control and unlysed samples. Clover has an emission wavelength of 515 nm. Exosomes were isolated from HEK-293 cells expressing the RVG-Lamp2B-Clover construct and lysed with 0.5% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate.


Mouse microglia (EOC 13.31) cell cultures were subsequently transfected with the RVG-Lamp2B-Clover construct and demonstrated an elevation in Clover expression similar to that of lipofected HEK-293 cells.

Microglia Clover.JPG


Figure 4. Confocal (60x) image of pcDNA3.0-RVG-Lamp2B-Clover lipofected EOC 13.31 (mouse microglia) cells. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and extranuclear Clover expression is evident in green.


We are now in the process of replacing Clover with a Gal4 DNA-binding protein (K105007) to the C-terminus of Lamp2B to anchor the therapeutic NeuroD1 plasmid within newly formed exosomes.


Astrocytic expression of NeuroD1 and resulting phenotype

To test if expression of NeuroD1 had a phenotypic effect on astrocytes, pcDNA3.0-NeuroD1-Clover was transfected into C8-D30 cultures. After one week, both control and transfected astrocyte cells demonstrated extensive cytosolic Doublecortin (DCX) expression (an indicator of immature neurons) and very weak nuclear expression of NeuN (an indicator of mature neurons). Furthermore, the cell bodies and processes were still astrocytic in appearance and no Clover expression was evident in transfected cultures, indicating either a problem with the construction or expression of the plasmid and/or that the cell line is not representative of typical mature astrocytes. We are currently addressing both of these possibilities.

Astrocyte Clover NeuN.JPG

Figure 5. Confocal (60x) image of C8-D30 (mouse astrocyte) cells transfected with pcDNA3.0-NeuroD1-Clover and non-transfected controls (not shown) both demonstrate elevated cytosolic Doublecortin labeling and weak nuclear NeuN expression. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). A) No Clover expression (green) was evident in transfected astrocytes. B) Extensive cytosolic Doublecortin (grey) staining was observed in both controls (not shown) and transfected cells. C) Weak nuclear NeuN (red) labeling was evident in both controls (not shown) and transfected cells.


Exosome Purification

UofLInset.PNG

Figure 6. Transmission Electron Microscopy micrograph of isolated exosomes. These were fixed in 2% PFA and negatively stained with uranyl acetate. The size and distinctive morphology of the stained exosome isolates conforms with previous reports in the literature.