Team:XMU-China/Project ConicCurve

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CONIC CURVE

--Form patterns by chemotaxis

Overview

By which means would you like to make a mathematical pattern? Draw with compass and ruler, or type a function in a drawing software? Well, E. coli can help us to achieve our goals. We make the first attempt to introduce pseudotaxis to form patterns in shape of conic section (such as ellipse and hyperbola). Firstly, let’s recall the precise mathematical definition on ellipse, hyperbola and parabola.

Mathematical definition

In mathematics, ellipse is a curve on a plane surrounding two focal points such that a straight line drawn from one of the focal points to any point on the curve and then back to the other focal point has the same length for every point on the curve (Figure 1A). [1] And hyperbola is a curve which point’s absolute value of the difference of the distance to the two focal points is a constant (Figure 1B).

A

B

Figure 1A. Schematic of ellipse. Point F1, F2 are the two focal points and Point A is on the ellipse curve. The sum of the distance AF1 and AF2 is equal to the constant k: AF1+AF2=k. 1B. Schematic of hyperbola. Point F1, F2 are the two focal points and Point A is on one of the hyperbola branches. The absolute value of the difference of the distance AF1, AF2 is equal to the constant k: |AF1-AF2|=k.

Hyperbola could also be defined as a conic consisting of those points whose distances to a focus, and a directrix, are in a fixed ratio (>1), called the eccentricity (e). (Figure 2A) Parabola is a conic whose eccentricity is equal to 1 (Figure 2B). [2]

A

B

Figure 2A. One branch of hyperbola can be defined by directrix and eccentricity. Point A is a spot on the curve, point F is the focus. AB is the distance between A and directrix. The eccentricity e equal to TF/AB, and e>1. 2B. Schematic of Parabola. Point A is a spot on the curve, point F is the focus. AB is the distance between A and directrix. The eccentricity e equals to AF/AB, and e=1.

Hypotheses

Focal points, constant k and the eccentricity ratio e are key factors of conic section. Therefore, we can easily get any eclipse by presetting reasonable focal points with an acceptable constant, as well as parabola or hyperbola by a fixed ratio. Based on these, we need to combine these mathematical concepts with our pattern formation system.

If we spot stimulus on semi-solid plate, it will spread from the spotting center out to the periphery. In the spreading process, the concentration is negative correlated to the distance from center. If we draw a line with stimulus, a concentration gradient with square shape will form. And both of the concentration gradients will maintain for a long period. Generally, the stimulus spots are defined as focuses while those lines are defined as directrixes.

There is a threshold ratio of the concentrations of inducer and repressor. [3] This means that more repressor will cause more repression, hence more inducer is needed to relieve the repression, and vice versa. As the concentration of inducer and repressor are directly connected to the concentration of stimulus sources, we can tell the constant k and eccentricity e by combining the relationship between distance and concentration.

Circuit design

Our circuit consists of two parts, of which one is named C (constraint), the other is named M (motile). (Figure 3):

We transform our circuit into E. coli CL-1 which lacks gene lacI and cheZ (ΔlacI, ΔcheZ). In the absence of cheZ, CL-1 adopts non-motile phenotype.

Without any exogenous stimulus, E. coli will produce background amount of AraC to repress pBAD at limit degree. That means even no L-arabinose involved in, promoter pBAD has leakage expression, so that part C will produce repressor LacI which can bind to the operon of promoter pLac and thus repress its transcription. Because L-arabinose could induce pBAD, within certain concentration range, the more L-arabinose involved in, the more repressor LacI part C could produce resulting the inhibition to chemotaxis. Because of its ability to constrain chemotaxis, this part is named C.

When IPTG involved in, it can relieve the repression from repressor LacI, therefore protein CheZ is produced to make our engineering bacteria (CL-1) regain motile ability. Within certain L-arabinose concentration range which means certain constraint condition, the more IPTG involved in, the more CheZ is produced leading to stronger motile ability. Because of its ability to make CL-1 motile, this part is named M.

Figure 3. Part C produces LacI to repress the expression of part M. Part M could produce CheZ to make CL-1 regain motile ability.

Characterization of circuit

We sequenced the circuit above and characterized it in E. coli CL-1. As CL-1 lacks lacI gene, promoter pLac won’t be repressed by background repressor LacI.

We apply gradient test to find out which influence would be made on reprogrammed chemotaxis under the following parameters: the concentration of chloramphenicol, IPTG and L-arabinose.

Characterization of backbone effect

To begin with, we test for the best chloramphenicol concentration. We test gradient concentration of chloramphenicol at semi-solid culture medium as Table 1 show. We find that the activity of chemotaxis doesn’t have overt linear relationship to chloramphenicol. Interestingly, 50μg/ml of chloramphenicol gives CL-1 the best chemotaxis. So we apply that to our following characterization.

Figure 4. Scatter plot of chemotactic diameter under gradient concentration of chloramphenicol (cm).

Characterization of IPTG effect

As promoter pBAD leads to a certain level of expression leakage of LacI, CL-1 has the worst chemotaxis without any stimulus. We added IPTG at gradient concentration and got the results (Figure 5). We find that the activity of chemotaxis keeps increasing when the concentration of IPTG increases from 0 to 0.02μM and gets the best performance with the IPTG range from 0.02 to 0.025μM. We apply 0.025μM IPTG for our following characterization.

Figure 5. Curve of chemotactic diameter over time under gradient concentration of IPTG.

Characterization of the IPTG tendency

In order to further characterize the IPTG effect, we spotted IPTG and bacteria as the figure show (Figure 6). As the concentration of IPTG keeps on decreasing as it spreads out. We spotted IPTG with its concentration a little higher than the optimum. We observed that reprogrammed bacteria swim to IPTG source which seemed that the bacteria were attracted by IPTG.

A

B

Figure 6A. Schematic of spotting IPTG and bacteria on semi-solid culture medium. 6B. Actual experiment result is shown.

Characterization of L-arabinose effect

As more L-arabinose added in, the expression of promoter pBAD gets stronger, which leads to more LacI produced, resulting in the inhibition to chemotaxis. As our expectation, the activity of chemotaxis keeps going down as the concentration of L-arabinose increases (Figure 7). We find that 0.2% of L-arabinose has the best inhibitory effect on chemotaxis with 0.025μM of IPTG added in.

Figure 7. Curve of chemotactic diameter under gradient concentration of L-arabinose.

Results

Eclipse

If we spot IPTG on the center of the semi-solid culture medium, concentration gradient will be formed as Figure 8A. Larger circle represents lower concentration with a lower number labeled.

A

B

Figure 8. Schematic of concentration gradient. A. single spot spreading model. Larger number represents higher concentration while smaller number represents lower concentration. B. double spots spreading model. Letter A~J represent equal concentration points on the ellipse with two labeled number added up to 6. Red curve represents the ellipse with two focal points on the IPTG spots.

If we spot two IPTG simultaneously, two spots’ concentration gradient will interact with each other to form the ellipse boundary as image in Figure 8B.

If we spot E. coli CL-1 with circuit above transformed in at the center between two IPTG spots on semi-solid culture plate as Figure 9. The concentration of L-Arabinose added in the culture medium determines the degree of constraint from part C. Each red ellipse curve represents equal IPTG concentration, and there are series of such ellipses from inside to outside representing IPTG concentrations from highest to lowest. One of the ellipses is the critical line indicating that the constraint from part C can just be relieved by the certain concentration of IPTG. Initially, as the concentration of IPTG is enough to relieve the constraint, bacteria can swim from the center out to periphery. When the bacteria swim out of the critical line, the concentration of IPTG can’t relieve the constraint, so the

bacteria adopt non-motile phenotype. On the contrary, when the bacteria are inside of the critical line, they adopt motile phenotype. When the bacteria swim from inside to outside, motile bacteria become non-motile, so the bacteria will aggregate outside the critical line thus the bacteria density inside the critical line will decline. Thus, an ellipse boundary is formed.

Figure 9. Schematic of Critical Line model for ellipse. Critical line represents the IPTG concentration which just relieve the repression from part C. So that CL-1 is motile inside the ellipse while non-motile outside the ellipse.

Parabola and hyperbola

We got the optimum concentrations of IPTG and L-arabinose as inducer and repressor through preliminary experiments. Because the concentration of stimulus will decrease during spreading, so do their effect, we use IPTG and L-arabinose of which concentrations are a little bit higher than the optimum values for our experiments.

We draw a straight line with L-arabinose on the semi-solid culture medium, and a spot with the mixture of IPTG and CL-1 on one side of the line. In the area around the spot, the induction of IPTG is stronger than the repression of L-arabinose, cheZ is expressed and the bacteria adopt motile phenotype. However, when they approach the line where the repressor has a greater effect on the motility, they will lost their motile phenotype and stop.

According to the hypothesis 2, on the threshold ratio of the concentration of inducer and repressor, their effects are offset and a critical line is formed. Distances of the points on the critical line to the IPTG spot (focus) and the L-arabinose line (directrix) are in a fixed ratio (eccentricity). If the ratio equals to 1, the critical line is a parabola. If the ratio is larger than 1, it is a branch of a hyperbola. Then we conducted experiment to verify the mechanism (Figure 10B). Left boundary of the colony is regarded as the critical line. We found that cells have the tendency to swim away from L-arabinose line which is an expected performance of the bacteria.

A

B

Figure 10A. Schematic of Critical Line model for parabola and hyperbola. CL-1 becomes no-motile on the left side of the critical line while motile on the other side. The eccentricity e equals to PF/PB. If e=1, we define the critical line as parabola. If e>1, we define that as one branch of hyperbola. 10B. An actual experiment result is shown.

Other function curves-- quasi-hyperbola

After explorations, we tried different ways to arrange bacteria and stimulus on semisolid culture medium. We got some interesting results.

We draw two spots on the semi-solid culture medium, one with L-arabinose (Figure 11A) and the other with the mixture of IPTG and CL-1. Similarly, on the threshold ratio of the concentration of inducer and repressor, their effects are offset and a critical line is formed. Distances of the points on the right side of colony boundary to the spot A and the spot B are in a very narrow ratio (Figure 8B). Actually, as the critical line is quiet similar to hyperbola, we name it quasi-hyperbola.

A

B

Figure 11A. Schematic of quasi-hyperbola formation on semi-solid culture medium. 10B. An actual experiment result is shown.

Other interesting ways to spot bacteria and stimulus are waiting to be discovered, and the idea can be extended to other function curves and patterns.

We took two kinds of stimulus to construct a square (Figure 12A). Two opposite sides were paved by one kind of stimulus to form thin paths. Programmed cells were spotted on the center of the square, we got two oval rings after 24 hours culturing (Figure 12B). We find that cell rings are stretched by IPTG sides while squeezed by L-arabinose sides.

A

B

Figure 12A. Spotting cells on semi-solid culture medium with two IPTG lines and two L-arabinose lines. 12B. Zoom in to the left picture, two oval rings could be observed on the medium.

Apart from forming patterns, reprogrammed chemotaxis can help us in a broad field. We offer some examples in APPLICATION.

And we analyzed the process and the results by mathematical model in MODELLING.

References

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbola

3. O’Gorman, R. B., Rosenberg, J. M., Kallai, O. B., Dickerson, R. E., Itakura, K., Riggs, A. D., & Matthews, K. S. (1980). Equilibrium binding of inducer to lac repressor.operator DNA complex. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 255, 10107–10114.

Team:XMU-China/Project ConicCurve

From 2014.igem.org

Latest revision as of 13:22, 23 November 2014

Background

Conic Curve

Application

P System

Modelling

Future Work

Interlab

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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">CONIC CURVE</span>
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 29px; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 29px; font-weight: 700;">ONIC CURVE</span>
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+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 29px;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">--Form patterns by chemotaxis</span>
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="text-align: right; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px;">
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;">--Form patterns by chemotaxis</span>
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px;">
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;">Overview</span>
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px;">
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">By which means would you like</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> to make a mathematical pattern</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">? Draw with compass and ruler, or type a function in a drawing software? Well, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">E. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">coli</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> can help us to </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">achieve our goals. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">We make the first attempt </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">to</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">introduce</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> pseudotaxis to form patterns in shape of conic section (such as ellipse and hyperbola). Firstly, let’s </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">recall the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">precise mathematical definition on ellipse, hyperbola and parabola.</span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 21px;font-variant: small-caps">Overview</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;">Mathematical definition </span>
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-    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">What means would you like to use to get a mathematical pattern? Draw one with compass and ruler, or type a function in a drawing software? Well, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic;">E.coli</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;"> can help us to </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">achieve our goals. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">We make the first attempt </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">to</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">introduce</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;"> pseudotaxis to form patterns in shape of conic section (such as ellipse and hyperbola).</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">Firstly, let’s </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">recall the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">precise mathematical definition on ellipse, hyperbola and parabola.</span>
 </p>
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      &nbsp;
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 21px;font-variant: small-caps">Mathematical definition </span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">I</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">n mathematics, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ellipse </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">is a curve on a plane surrounding two focal points</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> such that a straight line drawn from one of the focal points to any point on the curve and then back to the other focal point has the same length for every point on the curve</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">(</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">).</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; valign: sup;">[1]</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> And hyperbola is a curve which point’s absolute value of the difference of the distance to the two focal points is a constant</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 1B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">).</span>
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-    <span style="font-family: Arial;">I</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">n mathematics, ellipse is a curve on a plane surrounding two focal points</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> such that a straight line drawn from one of the focal points to any point on the curve and then back to the other focal point has the same length for every point on the curve</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">(</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">).</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sup;">[1]</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> And hyperbola is a curve which point’s absolute value of the difference of the distance to the two focal points is a constant</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 1B</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">).</span>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial;">A</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">A</span>
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-                     <img width="291" height="231" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;291.07&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;231.17&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image1.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="291" height="231" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/57/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_figure01A.png"/>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial;">B</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">B</span>
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-                     <img width="230" height="251" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;230.67&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;251.05&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image2.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="230" height="251" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/7f/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_figure01B.png"/>
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              <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 7px; width: 553px; vertical-align: top;" colspan="2">
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 1A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Schematic of ellipse. Point F</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, F</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> are the two focal points and Point A is on the ellipse curve. The sum of the distance AF</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> and AF</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> is equal to the constant k: AF</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">+AF</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">=k.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;"> 1B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Schematic of hyperbola. Point F</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, F</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> are the two focal points and Point A is on one of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">hyperbola branches. The absolute value of the difference of the distance AF</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, AF</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> is equal to the constant k: |AF</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">-AF</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">|=k.</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 1A</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">Schematic of ellipse. Point F</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">, F</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> are the two focal points and Point A is </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">on the ellipse curve. The sum of the distance AF</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> and AF</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> is equal to the constant k: AF</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">+AF</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">=k.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> 1B</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> Schematic of hyperbola. Point F</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">, F</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> are the two focal points and Point A is on one of the hyperbola branches. The absolute value of the difference of the distance AF</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">, AF</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> is equal to the constant k: |AF</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">-AF</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; valign: sub;">2</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">|=k.</span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">Hyperbola could also be defined as </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">a conic consisting of those points whose distances to some point, called a focus, and some line, called a directrix, are in a fixed ratio (&gt;1)</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, called the eccentricity</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">e</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">)</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">)</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Parabola is a conic whose eccentricity is equal to 1</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">).</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sup;">[</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sup;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sup;">]</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Hyperbola could also be defined as </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">a conic consisting of those points whose distances to a focus, and a directrix, are in a fixed ratio (&gt;1)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> called the eccentricity</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">e</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Parabola is a conic whose eccentricity is equal to 1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">).</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; valign: sup;">[</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; valign: sup;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; valign: sup;">]</span>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">A</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span>
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-                     <img width="256" height="313" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;256.48&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;313.07&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image3.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="256" height="313" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/31/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_figure02A.png"/>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">B</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span>
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-                     <img width="219" height="311" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;219.25&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;311.21&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image4.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="219" height="311" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ea/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_figure02B.png"/>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 2A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> one branch of hyperbola can be defined by directrix and eccentricity. Point A is a spot on the curve, point F is the focus. AB is the distance between A and directrix. The eccentricity e equal to TF/AB, and e&gt;1. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">2B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Schematic of Parabola. Point A is a spot on the curve, point F is the focus. AB is the distance between A and directrix. The eccentricity e equals to AF/AB, and e=1.</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 2A</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">O</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">ne branch of hyperbola can be defined by directrix and eccentricity. Point A is a spot on the curve, point F is the focus. AB is the distance between A and directrix. The eccentricity e equal to TF/AB, and e&gt;1. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">2B</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> Schematic of Parabola. Point A is a spot on the curve, point F is the focus. AB is the distance between A and directrix. The eccentricity e equals to AF/AB, and e=1.</span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 21px;font-variant: small-caps">Hypotheses:</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;">Hypothes</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;">es</span>
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-    <span style="font-family: Arial;">T</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">he </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">focal points, the constant</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">k</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> and the </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">eccentricity ratio </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">e</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">are the key of conic</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> section</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Therefore</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">we can</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> easily</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> get </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">any eclipse by presetting reasonable focal points with the acceptable constant, as well as parabola or hyperbola by a fixed ratio</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Based on th</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">ese</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> we </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">need to combine those mathematical concept with our pattern formation system.</span>
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+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-    <span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">If we spot stimulus on semi-solid plate, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">it</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> will spread from the spotting center </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">out to the periphery. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">In the spreading process, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">t</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">he concentration is negat</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">ive correlation to the distance from center.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">If we draw a line with stimulus</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, a concentration gradient with square shape will be formed. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">And </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">both </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">concentration gradient will maintain for a long period.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Generally, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the stimulus spots are </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">defined as focuses while those lines are defined as directrixes.</span>
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Focal points, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">constant</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">k</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> and the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">eccentricity ratio </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">e</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">are </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">key</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> factors</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> of conic</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> section</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Therefore</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">we can</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> easily</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> get </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">any eclipse by presetting reasonable focal points with </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">an</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> acceptable constant, as well as parabola or hyperbola by a fixed ratio</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Based on th</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ese</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> we </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">need to combine th</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">e</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">se mathematical concept</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> with our pattern formation system.</span>
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-     <span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">There is a threshold </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">ratio</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> of </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> concentration</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> of</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> inducer and repressor.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; valign: sup;">[3]</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> This means that more repressor will cause more repression</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">hence more inducer is needed</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> to relieve the repression, and vice versa.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> As the concentration of inducer and repressor are direct</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">ly connected to</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> the concentration of</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> stimulus sources, thus </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">we can tell the constant </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">k</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> and eccentricity </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">e</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> by combining the relationship between distance and concentration.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">If we spot stimulus on semi-solid plate, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">it</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> will spread from the spotting center </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">out to the periphery. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">In the spreading process, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">t</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">he concentration is negat</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ive correlat</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ed</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> to the distance from center.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">If we draw a line with stimulus</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">, a concentration gradient with square shape will form. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">And </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">both </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">concentration gradient</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> will maintain for a long period.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Generally, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the stimulus spots are </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">defined as focuses while those lines are defined as directrixes.</span>
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+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-    <span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 21px;font-variant: small-caps">Circuit design</span>
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">There is a threshold </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ratio</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> of </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> concentration</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> of</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> inducer and repressor.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; valign: sup;">[3]</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> This means that more repressor will cause more repression</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">hence more inducer is needed</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> to relieve the repression, and vice versa.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> As the concentration of inducer and repressor are direct</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ly connected to</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> the concentration of</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> stimulus sources, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">we can tell the constant </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">k</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> and eccentricity </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">e</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> by combining the relationship between distance and concentration.</span>
-</h3>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
-    <span style="font-family: Arial;">Our </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">circuit</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> consists of two parts, of which one is named </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (constraint), the other is named </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">M</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (motile). (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 3</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">):</span>
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-     <span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">We build our </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">circuit</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> in </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">E.coli</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">which</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> lacks gene </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">lacI</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> and </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">CheZ </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">(</span><span style="font-family: Arial,">Δ</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">lacI, </span><span style="font-family: Arial,">Δ</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">CheZ). </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">In</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> the absence of </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">CheZ</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"> <i>CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> adopts non-motile </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">phenotype</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;">ircuit</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;"> design</span>
 </p>
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-     <span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Without any exogenous stimulus, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">E.coli</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> will produce background amount of AraC to repress pBAD in limi</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">t degree. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">That means e</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">ven </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">no</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> L-arabinose involves</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> in, promoter pBAD has </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">leakage </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">expression, so that part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">C </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">will produces </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">repressor</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> LacI which can bind to the operon of promoter pLac and thus repress its transcription. Because L-arabinose could induce pBAD, within certain concentration range, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the more L-arabinose involves</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> in</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, the</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">more repressor LacI </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> could produce </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">resulting the inhibition to chemotaxis</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. Because of its ability to constrain chemotaxis, this part is named </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Our </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">circuit</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> consists of two parts, of which one is named </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> (constraint), the other is named </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">M</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> (motile). (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 3</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">):</span>
 </p>
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-    <span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">	</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">When IPTG involve</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> in, it can relieve the repression from</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> repressor</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> LacI, therefore protein CheZ is produced to make our engineering bacteria (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">) regain motile ability. Within certain L-</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">a</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">rabinose concentration range which means certain constraint condition, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">more IPTG involved in</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">more </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">heZ is produced leading to stronger motile ability. Because of its ability to make </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> motile, this part is named </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">M</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.</span>
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">We </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">transform</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> our </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">circuit</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> in</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">to</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">E.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">coli</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">which</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> lacks gene </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">lacI</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> and </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">c</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">heZ </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">(</span><span style="font-family: Arial,宋体; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">Δ</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">lacI</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial,宋体; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">Δ</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">c</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">heZ</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">). </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">In</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> the absence of </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">c</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">heZ</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> adopts non-motile </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">phenotype</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">.</span>
 </p>
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+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Without any exogenous stimulus, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">E.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">coli</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> will produce background amount of AraC to repress pBAD </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">at</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> limi</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">t degree. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">That means e</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ven </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">no</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> L-arabinose involve</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">d </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">in, promoter pBAD has </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">leakage </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">expression, so that part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">C </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">will produce</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">repressor</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> LacI which can bind to the operon of promoter pLac and thus repress its transcription. Because L-arabinose could induce pBAD, within certain concentration range, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the more L-arabinose involve</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">d</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> in</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">, the</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">more repressor LacI </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> could produce </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">resulting the inhibition to chemotaxis</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. Because of its ability to constrain chemotaxis, this part is named </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">.</span>
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">When IPTG involve</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">d</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> in, it can relieve the repression from</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> repressor</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> LacI, therefore protein CheZ is produced to make our engineering bacteria (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> regain motile ability. Within certain L-</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">a</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">rabinose concentration range which means certain constraint condition, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the more IPTG involved in, the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">more </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">heZ is produced leading to stronger motile ability. Because of its ability to make </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> motile, this part is named </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">M</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">.</span>
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-                 <p style="text-align: left; font-family: Arial; margin-left: 2em;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 3.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Part</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;"> C </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">produces LacI to repress the expression of part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">M</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. Part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">M</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> could produce CheZ to make </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>CL-1</i> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">regain motile ability.</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 3.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">Part</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> C </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">produces LacI to repress the expression of part </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">M</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">. Part </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">M</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> could produce CheZ to make </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">regain motile ability.</span>
                  </p>
              </td>
@@ Line 641: / Line 628: @@
      </tbody>
 </table>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
      &nbsp;
 </p>
-<h3 style="text-align: justify; line-height: 173.33%; padding-top: 17px; padding-bottom: 17px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700; styleName: Normal; outlineLvl: 2;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; styleName: Default Paragraph Font;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 21px;font-variant: small-caps;">Characterization of circuit</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; styleName: Default Paragraph Font;">Characterization of circuit</span>
-</h3>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
-    <span style="font-family: Arial;">We sequenced </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">circuit </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">above </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">and characterized it in </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>E.coli CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. As </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> lacks </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">LacI</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">gene</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, promoter </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">p</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Lac won’t be repressed by background</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> repressor</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> LacI. </span>
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; styleName: Default Paragraph Font;">
      &nbsp;
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">We apply gradient test to find out which influence would be made on </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">reprogrammed </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">chemotaxis under the following parameters: the concentration of chloramphenicol, IPTG and L-arabinose.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">We sequenced </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">circuit </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">above </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">and characterized it in </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">E. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">coli </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. As </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1 </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">lacks </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">acI</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">gene</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">, promoter </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">p</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Lac won’t be repressed by background</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> repressor</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> LacI. </span>
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
      &nbsp;
 </p>
-<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; margin-left: 24px; styleName: Normal; outlineLvl: 3;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <span style="font-size: 16px;">1.</span><span style="color: rgb(40, 40, 40); font-size: 13px;">	</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700;">Characterization of backbone effect:</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">We apply gradient test to find out which influence would be made on </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">reprogrammed </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">chemotaxis under the following parameters: the concentration of chloramphenicol, IPTG and L-arabinose.</span>
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">To begin with, we test for the best chloramphenicol concentration. We test gradient concentration of chloramphenicol at semi-solid medium culture as Table 1 show. We find that the activity of chemotaxis doesn’t have overt linear relationship to chloramphenicol. Interestingly, 50μg/ml of chloramphenicol gives <i>CL-1</i> the best chemotaxis. So we apply that to our following characterization.</span>
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Characterization of </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">backbone effect</span>
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">To begin with, we test for the best chloramphenicol concentration. We test gradient concentration of chloramphenicol at semi-solid </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">culture medium</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> as Table 1 show. We find that the activity of chemotaxis doesn’t have overt linear relationship to chloramphenicol. Interestingly, 50μg/ml of chloramphenicol gives </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> the best chemotaxis. So we apply that to our following characterization.</span>
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
      &nbsp;
 </p>
@@ Line 672: / Line 665: @@
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              <td style="padding: 0px 7px; border: 1px rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 538px; vertical-align: top;">
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <img width="548" height="333" style="background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;548.00&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;333.00&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image6.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="530" height="380" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/18/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve0_table01.png"/>
                  </p>
              </td>
@@ Line 679: / Line 672: @@
          <tr>
              <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 7px; width: 538px; vertical-align: top;">
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Table 1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Scatter plot of chemotactic</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> diameter under </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">gradient</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> concentration</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> of</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Cm (chloramphenicol).</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 4</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">Scatter plot of chemotactic</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> diameter under </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">gradient</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> concentration</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> of</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">chloramphenicol</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> (cm)</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">.</span>
                  </p>
              </td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="height: 0px;">
-             <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 554px;"></td>
+             <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 545px;"></td>
          </tr>
      </tbody>
 </table>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
      &nbsp;
 </p>
-<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; margin-left: 24px; styleName: Normal; outlineLvl: 3;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <span style="color:font-size: 16px;">2.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700;">Characterization of IPTG effect</span>
+     <span style="color: “blue”; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Characterization of IPTG effect</span>
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">As promoter pBAD leads to a certain level of expression</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> leakage</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> of LacI, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> has the worst chemotaxis</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> without any stimulus</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. We added IPTG at gradient concentration and got the result</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Table 2</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">).</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> We fi</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">nd that </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the activity of chemotaxis </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">keeps increasing when the concentration of IPTG increase</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> from 0</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> to</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 0.02μM and gets the best performance with the </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">IPTG </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">range from </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">0.02 to 0.02</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">5μM. We apply 0.0</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">5μM IPTG for our following characterization.</span>
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">As promoter pBAD leads to a certain level of expression</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> leakage</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> of LacI, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> has the worst chemotaxis</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> without any stimulus</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. We added IPTG at gradient concentration and got the result</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 5</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">).</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> We fi</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">nd that </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the activity of chemotaxis </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">keeps increasing when the concentration of IPTG increase</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> from 0</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> to</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> 0.02μM and gets the best performance with the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">IPTG </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">range from </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">0.02 to 0.02</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">5μM. We apply 0.0</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">5μM IPTG for our following characterization.</span>
 </p>
 <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; styleName: Normal Table; border-insideH: 1px none #000000; border-insideV: 1px none #000000; cellpadding: 0px 7px 0px 7px;">
@@ Line 702: / Line 698: @@
          <tr class="firstRow" style="height: 446px;">
              <td style="padding: 0px 7px; border: 1px rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 553px; vertical-align: top;">
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <img width="536" height="433" style="background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;536.00&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;433.07&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image7.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="543" height="397" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/73/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve0_table02.png"/>
                  </p>
              </td>
@@ Line 709: / Line 705: @@
          <tr>
              <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 7px; width: 553px; vertical-align: top;">
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Table 2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Curve of chemotactic</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> diameter over time under gradient concentration of IPTG. </span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 5</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">Curve of chemotactic</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> diameter over time under gradient concentration of IPTG. </span>
                  </p>
              </td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="height: 0px;">
-             <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 553px;"></td>
+             <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 554px;"></td>
          </tr>
      </tbody>
 </table>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
      &nbsp;
 </p>
-<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; margin-left: 24px; styleName: Normal; outlineLvl: 3;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial,Arial Unicode MS; font-size: 16px;">
-    <span style="font-size: 16px;">3.Characterization of L-arabinose effect</span>
+    <span style="font-family: Arial,Arial Unicode MS; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Characterization of</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial Unicode MS; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> the</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial Unicode MS; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> IPTG</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial Unicode MS; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> tendency</span>
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial,Arial Unicode MS; font-size: 16px;">
-    <span style="font-family: Arial;">As more L-arabinose added in, the expression from promoter pBAD will be stronger which leads to more LacI produced resulting in </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the inhibition to chemotaxis. As our expectation, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the activity of chemotaxis</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> keeps going down </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">as</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> the concentration of L-arabinose </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">increases</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Table 3</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">). We find that 0.2% of L-arabinose has the best inhibitory effect on chemotaxis with 0.025μM of IPTG added in.</span>
+    &nbsp;
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">In order to further characterize the IPTG effect, we spotted IPTG and bacteria as the figure show (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">6</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">). As the concentration of IPTG keeps on decreasing as it spreads out. We spotted IPTG with its concentration a little higher than the optimum. We observed that reprogrammed bacteria swim to IPTG source which seemed that the bacteria were attracted by IPTG.</span>
+</p>
+<p style="text-align: justify;">
+    <span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span>
+</p>
+<table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 623px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; styleName: Normal Table; border-insideH: 1px none #000000; border-insideV: 1px none #000000; cellpadding: 0px 7px 0px 7px;">
+    <tbody>
+        <tr class="firstRow" style="height: 267px;">
+            <td style="padding: 0px 7px; border: 1px rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 240px; vertical-align: top;">
+                <p style="text-align: justify;">
+                    <span style="font-size: 14px;">A</span>
+                </p>
+                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 18px;">
+                    <img width="225" height="215" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/23/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_fig6A.png"/>
+                </p>
+            </td>
+            <td style="border-width: 1px 1px 1px medium; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 0px 7px; width: 383px; vertical-align: top;">
+                <p style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px;">
+                    <span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px;">B</span>
+                </p>
+                <p style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px;">
+                    <img width="368" height="209" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/1d/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_fig6B.png"/>
+                </p>
+            </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr style="height: 53px;">
+            <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 7px; width: 623px; vertical-align: top;" colspan="2">
+                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 18px;">
+                    <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">6</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> Schematic of spo</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">t</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">ting IPTG and bacteria on semi-solid </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">culture medium</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">6</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> Actual experiment result is shown.</span>
+                </p>
+            </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr style="height: 0px;">
+            <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 240px;"></td>
+            <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 383px;"></td>
+        </tr>
+    </tbody>
+</table>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    <span style=" color: rgb(40, 40, 40); font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Characterization of L-arabinose effect</span>
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">As more L-arabinose added in, the expression </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">of</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> promoter pBAD </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">gets</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> stronger</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> which leads to more LacI produced</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> resulting in </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the inhibition to chemotaxis. As our expectation, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the activity of chemotaxis</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> keeps going down </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">as</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> the concentration of L-arabinose </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">increases</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">7</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">). We find that 0.2% of L-arabinose has the best inhibitory effect on chemotaxis with 0.025μM of IPTG added in.</span>
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
      &nbsp;
 </p>
 <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; styleName: Normal Table; border-insideH: 1px none #000000; border-insideV: 1px none #000000; cellpadding: 0px 7px 0px 7px;">
      <tbody>
-         <tr class="firstRow">
+         <tr class="firstRow" style="height: 406px;">
              <td style="padding: 0px 7px; border: 1px rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 553px; vertical-align: top;">
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <img width="533" height="366" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;533.00&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;366.00&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image8.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="540" height="396" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/23/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve0_table03.png"/>
                  </p>
              </td>
@@ Line 742: / Line 789: @@
          <tr>
              <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 7px; width: 553px; vertical-align: top;">
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Table 3</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Curve of chemotactic</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> diameter under gradient concentration of L-arabinose.</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">7</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> Curve of chemotactic</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> diameter under gradient concentration of L-arabinose.</span>
                  </p>
              </td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="height: 0px;">
-             <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 553px;"></td>
+             <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 554px;"></td>
          </tr>
      </tbody>
 </table>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
      &nbsp;
 </p>
-<h3 style="text-align: justify; line-height: 173.33%; padding-top: 17px; padding-bottom: 17px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; styleName: Normal; outlineLvl: 2;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">Results</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;">Results</span>
-</h3>
+</p>
-<h4 style="text-align: justify; line-height: 156.66%; padding-top: 18px; padding-bottom: 19px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; styleName: Normal; outlineLvl: 3;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 21px;font-variant: small-caps">Eclipse</span>
+    &nbsp;
-</h4>
+</p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">If we spot IPTG on the center of the semi-solid culture medium</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, concentration gradient will be formed as </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">4</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Larger circle represents l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">ower concentration with a lower number labeled.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Eclipse</span>
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">If we spot IPTG on the center of the semi-solid culture medium</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">, concentration gradient will be formed as </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">8</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Larger circle represents l</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ower concentration with a lower number labeled.</span>
 </p>
 <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 567px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; styleName: Normal Table; border-insideH: 1px none #000000; border-insideV: 1px none #000000; cellpadding: 0px 7px 0px 7px;">
@@ Line 768: / Line 821: @@
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              <td style="padding: 0px 7px; border: 1px rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 222px; vertical-align: top;">
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">A</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span>
                  </p>
-                 <p style="text-align: left; font-family: Arial, font-size: 16px;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman,宋体; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <img width="229" height="229" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;background-color:white;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/d4/Xmu_project_CircuitsDesign09.png"/>
+                     <img width="258" height="259" style="font-family: Times New Roman,宋体; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/d4/Xmu_project_CircuitsDesign09.png"/>
                  </p>
              </td>
              <td style="border-width: 1px 1px 1px medium; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 0px 7px; width: 344px; vertical-align: top;">
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">B</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span>
                  </p>
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <img width="349" height="239" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/16/Xmu_project_CircuitsDesign10.png"/>
+                     <img width="354" height="243" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/16/Xmu_project_CircuitsDesign10.png"/>
                  </p>
              </td>
@@ Line 786: / Line 839: @@
          <tr style="height: 21px;">
              <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 7px; width: 567px; vertical-align: top;" colspan="2">
-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">4.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Schematic of concentration gradient. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">single point spreading</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">model</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. Larger number represents higher concentration while </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">smaller</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> number represents lower concentration. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">double points spreading </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">model</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Letter A~J represent</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> equal concentration points on the ellipse</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> with two labeled number added up to 6</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. Red curve represents the ellipse with two foca</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">l points on the IPTG spots.</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">8</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> Schematic of concentration gradient. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">single spot</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> spreading</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">model</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">. Larger number represents higher concentration while </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">smaller</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> number represents lower concentration. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">double spot</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">s spreading </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">model</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> Letter A~J represent</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> equal concentration points on the ellipse</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> with two labeled number added up to 6</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">. Red curve represents the ellipse with two foca</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">l points on the IPTG spots.</span>
                  </p>
              </td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="height: 0px;">
-             <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 244px;"></td>
+             <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 273px;"></td>
-             <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 364px;"></td>
+             <td style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 369px;"></td>
          </tr>
      </tbody>
 </table>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
      &nbsp;
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">If we spot two IPTG simultaneously, two </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">spots’ concentration gradient will interact with each other to form the ellipse</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> boundary as image</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> in </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 4</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. </span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">If we spot two IPTG simultaneously, two </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">spots’ concentration gradient will interact with each other to form the ellipse</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> boundary as image</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> in </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">8</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. </span>
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
      &nbsp;
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">If we spot </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">E.coli</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> with </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">circuit</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> above</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> transformed in</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">at</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> the center between two IPTG spots</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> on semi-solid culture plate</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> as</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 5</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">The concentration of L-Arabinose added in the </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">culture</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> medium </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">determine</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> degree of constraint </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">from</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Each </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">red ellipse curve </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">represents </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">equal </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">IPTG </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">concentration, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">and there are a series of such ellipses from inside to outside represent IPTG concentrations from highest to lowest. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">One of the ellipses is the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">critical line</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> indicating that the</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> constraint from part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> can just be relieved by the certain concentration of IPTG. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Initially, as the concentration of IPTG is</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> e</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">nough to relieve the constraint, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">bacteria </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">can </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">swim from the center out to periphery</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">When the bacteria</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> swim out of</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">critical line</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the concentration of IPTG can’</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">t relieve </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the constraint, so the </span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">If we spot </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">E.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">coli</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> with </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">circuit</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> above</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> transformed in</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">at</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> the center between two IPTG spots</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> on semi-solid culture plate</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> as</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">9</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">The concentration o</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">f </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">L-Arabinose added in the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">culture</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> medium </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">determine</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> degree of constraint </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">from</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> Each </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">red ellipse curve </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">represents </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">equal </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">IPTG </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">concentration, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">and there are</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">series of such ellipses from inside to outside represent</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ing</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> IPTG concentrations from highest to lowest. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">One of the ellipses is the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">critical line</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> indicating that the</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> constraint from part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> can just be relieved by the certain concentration of IPTG. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Initially, as the concentration of IPTG is</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> e</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">nough to relieve the constraint, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">bacteria </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">can </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">swim from the center out to periphery</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">When the bacteria</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> swim out of</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">critical line</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the concentration of IPTG can’</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">t relieve </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">the constraint, so the </span>
 </p>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">bacteria</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">adopt</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> non-motile phenotype. On the contrary, when the bacteria</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> are</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> inside of the critical line, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">they </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">adopt</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> motile phenotype.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> When the bacteria swim </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">from inside to outside</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, motile bacteria become</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> non-motile, so the bacteria will aggregate outside the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">critical line</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">thus </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; styleName: Default Paragraph Font;">the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; styleName: Default Paragraph Font;">b</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">acteria density inside the</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;"> critical line</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> will decline.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Thus, an ellipse boundary is formed.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">bacteria</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">adopt</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> non-motile phenotype. On the contrary, when the bacteria</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">are </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">inside of the critical line, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">they </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">adopt</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> motile phenotype.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> When the bacteria swim </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">from inside to outside</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">, motile bacteria become</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> non-motile, so the bacteria will aggregate outside the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">critical line</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">thus </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; styleName: Default Paragraph Font;">the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; styleName: Default Paragraph Font;">b</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">acteria density inside the</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> critical line</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> will decline.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> Thus, an ellipse boundary is formed.</span>
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-                     <img width="407" height="257" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/14/Xmu_project_CircuitsDesign11.png"/>
+                     <img width="407" height="257" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/14/Xmu_project_CircuitsDesign11.png"/>
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-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 5</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Schematic of Critical Line model</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> for ellipse</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. Critical line represents the IPTG concentration which can just relieve the repression from part </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">So that </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> is motile inside </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">t</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">he ell</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">ipse while non-motile outside </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the ellipse.</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">9</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">Schematic of Critical Line model</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> for ellipse</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">. Critical line represents the IPTG concentration which just relieve the repression from part </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">C</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">So that </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> is motile inside </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">t</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">he ell</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">ipse while non-motile outside </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">the ellipse.</span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 21px;font-variant: small-caps">Parabola and hyperbola</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Parabola and hyperbola</span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">We got the optimum concentrations of IPTG and L-arabinose as inducer and repressor through preliminary experiments. Because the concentration of stimulus will decrease during spreading, so does their effect, we use IPTG and L-arabinose of which concentrations are a little bit higher than </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the optimum values for our experiments.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">We </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">got</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> the optimum concentrations of IPTG and L-arabinose as inducer and repressor through preliminary experiments. Because the concentration of stimulus will decrease during spreading, so do their effect, we use IPTG and L-arabinose of which concentrations are a little bit higher than the optimum values for our experiments.</span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">We draw a s</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">t</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">raight line with L-arabinose on the semi-solid culture medium, and a spot with the mixture of IPTG and <i>CL-1</i> on one side of the line. In the area around the spot, the induction of IPTG is stronger than the repression of L-arabinose, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">CheZ</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> is expressed and the bacteria adopt motile phenotype. However, when they approach the line where the repressor have a greater effect on the motility, they will lost their motile phenotype and stop. </span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">We draw a s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">t</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">raight line with L-arabinose on the semi-solid culture medium, and a spot with the mixture of IPTG and </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> on one side of the line. In the area around the spot, the induction of IPTG is stronger than the repression of L-arabinose, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">c</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">heZ</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> is expressed and the bacteria adopt motile phenotype. However, when they approach the line where the repressor ha</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> a greater effect on the motility, they will lost their motile phenotype and stop. </span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">According to the hypothesis 2, on the threshold ratio of the concentration of inducer and repressor, their effects are offset and a critical line is formed. Distances of the points on the critical line to the IPTG spot (focus), and the L-arabinose line (directrix) are in a fixed ratio (eccentricity). If the ratio is equal to 1, the critical line is a parabola. If the ratio is larger than 1, it is a branch of a hyperbola.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Then we conducted experiment to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">verify the mechanism (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 6B</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">). Left boundary of the colony is regarded as the critical line.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> We found that cells has the tendency to swim away from L-arabinose line which is an expected performance of the circuit.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">According to the hypothesis 2, on the threshold ratio of the concentration of inducer and repressor, their effects are offset and a critical line is formed. Distances of the points on the critica</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">l line to the IPTG spot (focus)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> and the L-arabinose line (directrix) are in a fixed ratio (eccentricity). If the ratio equal</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> to 1, the critical line is a parabola. If the ratio is larger than 1, it is a branch of a hyperbola.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> Then we conducted experiment to </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">verify the mechanism (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">10</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">). Left boundary of the colony is regarded as the critical line.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> We found that cells ha</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ve</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> the tendency to swim away from L-arabinose line which is an expected performance of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">bacteria</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">.</span>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">A</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span>
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-                     <img width="406" height="260" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;406.19&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;260.29&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image12.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="406" height="260" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/86/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_figure06A.png"/>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="border: 1px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none;"><span style="background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 0px;"> </span></span><img width="493" height="347" style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;493.34&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;347.07&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image13.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span></p> <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"><img width="493" height="347" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/6/68/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_figure_hyperbola.png"/>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 6A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Schematic of Critical Line model for parabola and hyperbola. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> becomes no-motile on the left side of the critical line while motile on the other side. The eccentricity e equals to PF/PB. If e=1, we define the critical line as parabola. If e&gt;1, we define that as one branch of hyperbola.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">6B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Actual experiment result is shown.</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">10</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">Schematic of Critical Line model for parabola and hyperbola. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> becomes no-motile on the left side of the critical line while motile on the other side. The eccentricity e equals to PF/PB. If e=1, we define the critical line as parabola. If e&gt;1, we define that as one branch of hyperbola.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">10</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> An a</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">ctual experiment result is shown.</span>
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-    <span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 21px;font-variant: small-caps">Other function curves--Quasi-hyperbola</span>
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Other function curves</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">-- </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">q</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">uasi-hyperbola</span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">After explorations, we </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">tried different</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> way</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">arrange</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> bacteria and stimulus </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">on semisolid culture medium. We got some interesting results.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">After explorations, we </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">tried different</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> way</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> to </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">arrange</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> bacteria and stimulus </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">on semisolid culture medium. We got some interesting results.</span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">We draw two spots on the semi-solid culture medium, one with L-arabinose</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 7A</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">)</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> and the other with the mixture of IPTG and </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"><i>CL-1</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. Similarly, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">on the threshold ratio of the concentration of inducer and repressor, their effects are offset and a</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;"> critical line</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> is formed. Distances of the points on the</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">right </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">side </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">of colony boundary</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> to the spot A and the spot B are in a </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">very narrow </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">ratio</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">(</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 7B</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">)</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">. Actually, as the critical line is quiet similar to hyperbola</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, we name it</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> quasi-hyperbola.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">We draw two spots on the semi-solid culture medium, one with L-arabinose</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">11</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> and the other with the mixture of IPTG and </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">CL-1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. Similarly, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">on the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">threshold ratio of the concentration of inducer and repressor, their effects are offset and a</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> critical line</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> is formed. Distances of the points on the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">right side of colony boundary</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> to the spot A and the spot B are in a </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">very narrow </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ratio</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">(</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">8</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. Actually, as the critical line is quiet similar to hyperbola</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">, we name it</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> quasi-hyperbola.</span>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial;">A</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">A</span>
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-                     <img width="229" height="229" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;229.25&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;229.25&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image14.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="229" height="229" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/53/Xmu_project_CircuitsDesign13.png"/>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial;">B</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">B</span>
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-                     <img width="315" height="270" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;315.16&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;270.99&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image15.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="315" height="270" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/3f/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_figure07B.png"/>
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-                 <p style="text-indent: -0.5em; font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 7A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Schematic of</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> quasi-hyperbola formation on semi-solid medium culture. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">7B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Actual e</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">xperiment result</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> is shown.</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">11</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> Schematic of</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> quasi-hyperbola formation on semi-solid </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">culture medium</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">10</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">An a</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">ctual e</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">xperiment result</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> is shown.</span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">O</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">ther interesting ways to spot bacteria and stimulus are </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">waiting to be discovered</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">and t</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">he idea can be extended to other function curves and pattern</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">O</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">ther interesting ways to spot bacteria and stimulus are </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">waiting to be discovered</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">and t</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">he idea can be extended to other function curves and pattern</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">s</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">.</span>
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-     <span style="font-family: Arial;">We </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">took two kinds of stimulus to construct a square (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">8</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">). Two opposite sides were paved by one kind of stimulus to form thin paths. Programmed cells were spotted on the center of the square, we got two oval rings after 24 hours culturing (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">8</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">). We find that cells rings are stretched by IPTG sides while squeezed by L-arabinose sides.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">We took two kinds of stimulus to construct a square (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">). Two opposite sides were paved by one kind of stimulus to form thin paths. Programmed cells were spotted on the center of the square, we got two oval rings after 24 hours culturing (</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">). We find that cell</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">rings are stretched by IPTG sides while squeezed by L-arabinose sides.</span>
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-                     <span style="font-family: Arial;">A</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">A</span>
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-                     <img width="275" height="256" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;275.82&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;256.66&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image16.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="275" height="256" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/86/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_figure08A.png"/>
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+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial;">B</span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">B</span>
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-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
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-                     <img width="249" height="257" style="font-family: Arial;background-color:white;" src="http://convert.wenku.baidu.com/rtcs/image?md5sum=8a1d45a689810e868d560563846c1868.docx&l=webapp&ipr={&quot;t&quot;:&quot;img&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;249.51&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;257.90&quot;,&quot;dataType&quot;:&quot;png&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;word\/media\/image17.png&quot;}"/>
+                     <img width="249" height="257" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/Xmu_Project_Conic_Curve_figure08B.png"/>
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-                 <p style="font-family: Arial;">
+                 <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;">
-                     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">Figure 8A</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Spotting cells on semi-solid culture medium with two IPTG lines and two L-arabinose lines.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">8B</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Zoom in to the left picture, two oval rings could be observed on the medium. </span>
+                     <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Figure 1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">2</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">A</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> Spotting cells on semi-solid culture medium with two IPTG lines and two L-arabinose lines. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">1</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">2</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">B</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px;"> Zoom in to the left picture, two oval rings could be observed on the medium. </span>
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-<h3 style="text-align: justify; line-height: 173.33%; padding-top: 17px; padding-bottom: 17px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; styleName: Normal; outlineLvl: 2;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">REFERENCES</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">Apart from forming patterns, reprogrammed chemotaxis can help us in a broad field. We offer some examples in </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/Project_Application">APPLICATION</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">. </span>
-</h3>
-<p style="text-align: justify; font-family: Arial; styleName: Normal;">
-    <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse">1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse</a>
 </p>
-<p style="text-align: justify; font-family: Arial; styleName: Normal;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbola">2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbola</a>
+     &nbsp;
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-<p style="text-align: justify; styleName: Normal;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <span style="font: Arial 10px;">3. O’Gorman, R. B., Rosenberg, J. M., Kallai, O. B., Dickerson, R. E., Itakura, K., Riggs, A. D., &amp; Matthews, K. S. (1980). Equilibrium binding of inducer to lac repressor.operator DNA complex.  Journal of Biological Chemistry, 255, 10107–10114.</span>
+     <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">And we</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;"> analyzed the process and the results by mathematical model in </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/Project_Modelling">MODELLING</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">.</span>
 </p>
-<p style="font-family: Arial;">
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
-     <a href="http://www.jbc.org/content/255/21/10107.abstract">http://www.jbc.org/content/255/21/10107.abstract</a>
+     &nbsp;
 </p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px;">
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;">Reference</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700;">s</span>
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 21px;">
+    &nbsp;
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">1. </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: underline; styleName: Default Paragraph Font;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse </a></span>
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">2. </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: underline; styleName: Default Paragraph Font;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbola" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbola</a></span>
+</p>
+<p style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">
+    <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">3. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">    <a href="http://www.jbc.org/content/255/21/10107.abstract" target="_blank">O’Gorman, R. B., Rosenberg, J. M., Kallai, O. B., Dickerson, R. E., Itakura, K., Riggs, A. D., &amp; Matthews, K. S. (1980). Equilibrium binding of inducer to lac repressor.operator DNA complex. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 255, 10107–10114.</a> </span>
+</p>
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