Team:Virtus-Parva Mexico/Team

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                    <h1>Virtus Parva
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<p align="right"><font color=#FFFFFF size=7><b>Virtus Parva</b></font>
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<br></p>
            
            
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                         <p class="lead"><i>The Power of Small</i>  
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                         <p align="right"><i><font color=#FFFFFF size= 5>The Power of Small</i> </font>
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                <p><font color=#FFFFFF size=6><br>Who are we?</p></font>
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<br>
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                  <p><i><font size= 5 color=#FFFFFF>Virtus-Parva is a team of Nanotechnology students who aim to create a better world<br><br> through love,sympathy and endearment… and through the design and development <br><br>of a novel technology based on micrometric “drills”.</i></p></font></td><td width="162px" bgColor="#355079">
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<h3><font color=#FFFFFF size=5>Students</font></h3>
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                        <a href="#AMA"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/11/Virtus_Parva_foto_Abraham_Mauleon.jpg" alt="Virtus Parva Home" width="200" height="auto"></a>
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                        <a href="#THC"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/6c/Virtus_Parva_foto_Tania_hidalgo.jpg" alt="Virtus Parva Home" width="200" height="auto"></a>
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                        <a href="#SST"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/54/Virtus_Parva_foto_S%C3%A1bas_s%C3%A1nchez.jpg" alt="Virtus Parva Home" width="200" height="auto"></a></center>
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                      <center> <a href="#DRV"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/40/Virtus_Parva_foto_Diego_Rosas.jpg" alt="Virtus Parva Home" width="200" height="auto"></a>
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                        <a href="#AMM"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e5/Virtus_Parva_foto_Armando_Mor%C3%ADn.jpg" alt="Virtus Parva Home" width="200" height="auto"></a>
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<h3><font color=#FFFFFF size=5>Collaborators</font></h3>           
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                    <h3><font color=#FFFFFF size=5>Instructors</font></h3>
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                      <center>  <a href="#Salas"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/23/Virtus_Parva_foto_DrSanchezSalas.jpg" alt="Virtus Parva Home" width="200" height="auto">
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                        <a href="#Mendez"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/64/Virtus_Parva_foto_Miguel_Mendez.jpg" alt="Virtus Parva Home" width="200" height="auto">
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                        <a href="#Alejos"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/59/Virtus_Parva_foto_DrAlejos.jpg" alt="Virtus Parva Home" width="200" height="auto"></center>
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                <p><font color=#686572 size=5 id="sec2"><br>Meet the Team</font></p></font>
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                    <font size=5><i>Despite all of us being nanotechnologists, we are very different people with, of course, very different interests.Here are all of the team's members beautiful faces, with a short description to tell you a little bit about ourselves.So please, go ahead and get to know us!</p></i></font><td width="162px"></td></tr></table>
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                                <h1 id="ADG"> <center><font color="#666666">Andrea Díaz Gaxiola</font></center></h1>
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                                <p align="justify"><font size=4>Passionate, extrovert, a multi-tasker, an always busy girl, my name is Andrea Díaz Gaxiola. Age: twenty two, and one year far from graduating from nanotechnology's bachelor.
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I have found in Nanobiotech an amazing tool which I aim to use and develop in order to create novel therapeutics, and more effective drug delivery systems.<br>
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I am Virtus-Parva's Team leader, and the responsible for wanting to be a part of iGEM. It is a dream I shared with my friends, and we've all together made it possible. <br>
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My vision of the world involves all disciplines working together towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and what surrounds us, creating knowledge but never seeking for absolute truths.</font></p><br>
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<center><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/d7/Virtus_Parva_Crew_CV_ADG.pdf"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e5/Virtus_Parva_FullCV.png"/></img></a></center></td>
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                <h2 id="sec1">Meet the Team</h2>
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                  <p>The B</p>  
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                        <h1 id="AMA"> <center><font color="#666666">Abraham Mauleon Amieva</font></center></h1> 
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<p align="justify"><font size=4>Hi, my name is Abraham Mauleon Amieva. I'm twenty two, and I'm from the State of Puebla, Mexico. I'm studying the last semester of the degree in Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering, at Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP). My personal interest in Nanobiotechnology is the research of novel complex materials. Hence my contribution within Virtus-Parva, for our 2014 iGEM project, was the idea of using biomaterials coupled with magnetic particles for the manufacture of biocompatible, magnetically controlled devices. Besides my scientific formation, I'm currently the President of the Civic Youth Council of Puebla; one of my main goals is the scientific diffusion among youth in the city.</font></p>                            <br>
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<center><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/3e/Virtus_Parva_Crew_CV_AMA.pdf"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e5/Virtus_Parva_FullCV.png"/></img></a></center></td>
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                                 <h3>Virtus-Parva is a team of Nanotechnology students who aim to create a better world through love,sympathy and endearment… and through the design and development of a novel technology based on micrometric “drills” to attack pathogen agents. </h3>
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                                 <h1 id="THC"> <center><font color="#666666">Tania Hidalgo Castillo</font></center></h1>
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                              <p align="justify"><font size=4>Yo! I’m Tania Hidalgo, a kind-of-crazy vegetarian studying her 7th semester of the Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering bachelor, even though people think I’m an Arts major. I’ve participated in research regarding the inorganic part of chemistry, so biotechnology and synthetic biology is a new field that I’m exploring with my teammates. I’m interested in using these to explore bioremediation and apply my chemist formation to deal with environmental issues. My love for science is shared with photography, stringed instruments, animals and beer.
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The participation in the iGEM competition has granted me an opportunity to continue my learning experience and to collaborate with my friends to make something awesome (like our beautiful magnetite nanoparticles). I hope with this my family and friends finally know what I’m studying and what I’m passionate about.</font></p><br>
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<center><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/7c/Virtus_Parva_Crew_CV_TCHC.pdf"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e5/Virtus_Parva_FullCV.png"/></img></a></center></td>
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                                <h1 id="SST"> <center><font color="#666666">Sabás Sánchez Tellechea</font></center></h1>
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                              <p align="justify"><font size=4>I’m Sabás Sánchez Tellechea, I’m 22 years old and I’m from Hermosillo, Sonora México. I’m a student of the 9th semester of the Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering degree at the Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP). My involvement within the project isn’t limited to laboratory work, it extends to the genesis of the idea to use a resonant structure guided by a magnetic nanoparticle and the research to find biocompatible materials for the construction of the device. My interests in science and nanotechnology embraces the creation of new materials trying to solve the new needs of society, the efficient use of renewable energies and the pursuit of treatments for genetic syndromes.</font></p>
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<center><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/09/Virtus_Parva_Crew_CV_SST.pdf"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e5/Virtus_Parva_FullCV.png"/></img></a></center>
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                <h2 id="sec2">The Idea</h2>
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                    The basis for these “drills” will be NEMS, nano electro-mechanical systems, technology.<br> We took a survey to fellow iGEMers and external people in order to find out how many people knew about the existence of NEMS and if they knew how they worked. Turns out only 36% of survey takers had heard of the term before and of those, only 28% knew what it was!<br><br> Given these statistics, it became part of our project to teach newer generations about our subject.
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                                 <h3>NEMS</h3>
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                                 <h1 id="DRV"> <center><font color="#666666">Diego Rosas Villalva</font></center></h1>
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                                 NEMS are nanometric electromechanical systems. In this case we take as basis the structure of a resonator which are engineered to make a conversión between energy, such as electric, magnetic, or vibrational into mechanical response.
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                                 <p align="justify"><font size=4>As a nanotechnologist, I am fascinated by the way nanostructures can boost energy conversion and storage as well as bioremediation, but as a human I want to increase quality of life and access to information for people, leading me to participate in all kind of projects, giving the best of me. My name is Diego Rosas, I was born in the city of Puebla and I’m in my senior year of nanotechnology’s bachelor at Universidad de las Américas Pueba. I’ve participated in research regarding solar energy and photocatalysis. As a member of Virtus Parva I've synthesized the inorganic part of the project, now I am focused on bionanotechnology diffusion and mathematical modeling. Currently, I am starting a project on electrospun nanofibers for wound dressing, hoping to work in partnership with a local hospital.</font></p>
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How exactly do NEMS come into play in our project?
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<center><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f1/Virtus_Parva_Crew_CV_DRV.pdf"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e5/Virtus_Parva_FullCV.png"/></img></a></center>
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                              <center>  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/db/Virtus_Parva_foto_Completa_Armando_Antonio_Morin_Mart%C3%ADnez.jpg" alt="Virtus Parva Home" width="360" height="auto"></center>
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                                <h1 id="AMM"> <center><font color="#666666">Armando Morín Martínez</font></center></h1>
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                              <p align="justify"><font size=4>Hi! Enthusiast and always willing to lend a hand, My name is Armando, I currently am 22 years of age, and I’m native from the state of Coahuila, México. Studying the 9th semester of the nanotechnology and molecular engineering baccalaureate at the University of the Americas Puebla (UDLAP). Within the team I am envolved in the organization of Human Practices, as well as starring in the play <i>Copenhage</i>, interpreting the physicist Werner Heisenberg.
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My inclination towards synthetic biology lies in my growing interest towards the comprehension, mimicry, and incorporation of microscopic organic mechanisms that could be exploited by mankind. This in order to achieve a better adaptation into our ever changing Mother Nature without procuring harm to it and improving our quality of life.</font></p>
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Well, by combining an inorganically synthesized nanoparticle, called magnetite and DNA into what we call BioNEMS drill.  
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<center><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e1/Virtus_Parva_Crew_CV_AAMMcv.pdf"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e5/Virtus_Parva_FullCV.png"/></img></a></center>
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                                 <h3>DNA Coiling into Chromosomes</h3>
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                                 <h1 id="TSP"> <center><font color="#666666">Tamara Saitcevsky Parra</font></center></h1>
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                              <p align="justify"><font size=4>Hi! I’m Tamara, a slightly grumpy and always-in-the-mood-for-candy, 7th semester Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering student at Universidad de las Américas Puebla. Among other things I love a good raspberry cheesecake, a gripping fantasy fiction book and a bright, sunny day.
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Born and raised in Mexico City, my academic interests lie in molecular biology and the dissemination of science. Within my team I have been in charge of keeping a written record of our progress and to process this information in order to give back to our community. From this experience I have learned plenty on organization, teamwork and the importance of communication for even the smallest of tasks.</font></p>
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<center><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/01/Virtus_Parva_Crew_CV_TSP.pdf"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e5/Virtus_Parva_FullCV.png"/></img></a></center>
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                 <h2 id="sec3">The Making</h2>
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                 <h2 id="sec3"><font size=5> Instructors</h2></font>
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                     The most important part of our project was the time that we dedicated to seeing results in our lab. Admittedly, it was tough, for we had to do everything in our own time and we had only occasional help from our instructors, for the most part we did everything on our own. Despite all of the size of the challenge, our team rose up to the occasion and in the end all those hours we dedicated in the lab were worth it. Here you can see a short description of what all the things we did in our lab, for a more detailed description check our notebook section.
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                     <font size=4>Ideas are just thoughts, if we don't make them tangible. These three wise men, helped us throughout the process in order to make our ideas, a reality.</font>
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                                 <h3>Inorganic Section</h3>
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                                 <h2 id="Salas">Dr. José Luis Sánchez Salas</h2>
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                                The first part of the synthesis of our magnetite was trying out different methods and characterizing them, to note which method had given us the smallest size nanoparticles. Our first method was synthesis by coprecipitation, of which we prepared nine samples with different concentrations of iron(II) chloride and ammonium hydroxide; from this method we consistently obtained nanoparticles rounding 0.9 to 1nm. Our following method was very similar, but included water in the synthesis: the size of our particles would vary greatly, from 3.89 micrometers to 171 nanometers in size.  
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<p align="justify"><font size=4>Graduated 1986 in Pharmaco-biological Chemistry from Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, his Master’s degree at the same school in Science with a specialty in Microbiology and a Ph.D. in Biochemistry at Health Center at the University of Connecticut in 1994. During his life as an investigator he has dedicated to the study of the germination of Bacilus subtilis and the differencial expression of the virulent genes of Entramoeba hystolica. He has participated in 32 national congresses and 36 international congresses and has been in three different international research programs. He is currently teacher ar UDLAP and is a member of the American Society of Microbiology and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. </font></p>     
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After choosing the best method possible, it was time to silanize our magnetite in order for it to be biocompatible with DNA and be able to tie them together. In order for the silanization to take place, we used a solution of TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) dispersed in a medium of water and propanol and dripped this mix slowly onto our magnetite. Just like when we synthesized our particles, we tested different concentrations of TEOS and magnetite, as well as different addition rates in order to observe which combination would give us the smallest possible nanoparticles.  
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Our results were then characterized by DLS (dynamic light scattering), for which we observed a peak at 39 nm, once coated with TEOS, the peak was moved toward 60 and 80 nm. We also ran our two samples in the IR, comparing the spectra of the pure magnetite and silanized magnetite, we were able to distinguish a peak at 990.2 cm^-1 corresponding to a Si-O bond, confirming the correct silanization of the magnetite.
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                                <h2 id="Mendez">Dr. Miguel Ángel Méndez Rojas</h2>
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<p align="justify"><font size=4>Born in Mexico City in 1973, he graduated Summa Cum Laude in Chemistry at Universidad de las Américas Puebla, he later obtained his Ph.D. in Chemistry at Texas Christian University. Since 2003, he has been a full-time teacher at UDLAP. His interests are focused onto the study of coordination chemistry in molecules that could be of interest in pharmacy and biology with transition metals and heavy metals and is currently working of the study of toxicity of nanomaterials amongst others. Author of over 56 scientific publications in international magazines, 14 diffusion articles, 5 chapters in books and a translator of a chemistry divulgation book. He is currently member of the National System of Investigators, level II, since 2013.. </font></p>
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                                 <h2 id="Alejos">Dr. Rubén Alejos Palomares</h2>
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                                Having done this, we then prepped our protein by resuspending it in a mix of Tris/acetate and EDTA in order to be able to combine it with our DNA. Then we dispersed our magnetite in anhydric toluene and we added the resuspended protein and we added as well some glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent. We also made some batches without any glutaraldehyde, to compare the comparable strength of their bonds.
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          <p align="justify"><font size=4>Graduated in Electronic Engineering from the Instituto Tecnológico de Minatitlán in 1987, he further obtained his Master’s degree and Ph.D. in Sciences with a Specialty in Electronics from the Instituto Nacional de Astofísica, Óptica y Electrónica in 1990 and 1999 respectively. His interest lie in measuring systems, control and design of intelligent systems and is in the middle of projects for creating new instruments for medical diagnosis and the development of prosthesis. He has been the author of over 100 scientific articles and has worked over the years as a consultant for several companies working with the automatization and control of machines. He is currently president of the Capítulo de Inteligencia Computacional in the Puebla section.</font></p>
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We then needed to grow and then extract from E. Coli the DNA we were to use for the rest of our project. We tested two different methods: one of which was the well-known mini prep and the other was very similar but without using an enzyme. Using the DNA we have extracted, we then needed to transform these cells to make competent cells.  
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These cells we had transformed, we then had to purify, by precipitating in presence of ethanol and centrifugation to eliminate supernatant. We did different dilutions of DNA and combined them with our protein, HU. These as well were divided again in gluteraldehyde and no gluteraldehyde and subsecuently in DNA and not DNA. We did some UV characterization for all samples. We discovered that the solutions with glutaraldehyde had stronger bonds between DNA and HU. We prepared some samples: one with glutaraldehyde and DNA-Hu, another just with glutaraldehyde and DNA, the third one just with DNA-HU and the last one just with DNA and prepared them with nanoparticles and ran them through UV.  
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        if ("undefined" == typeof jQuery) throw new Error("Bootstrap's JavaScript requires jQuery"); +function (a) { "use strict"; function b() { var a = document.createElement("bootstrap"), b = { WebkitTransition: "webkitTransitionEnd", MozTransition: "transitionend", OTransition: "oTransitionEnd otransitionend", transition: "transitionend" }; for (var c in b) if (void 0 !== a.style[c]) return { end: b[c] }; return !1 } a.fn.emulateTransitionEnd = function (b) { var c = !1, d = this; a(this).one(a.support.transition.end, function () { c = !0 }); var e = function () { c || a(d).trigger(a.support.transition.end) }; return setTimeout(e, b), this }, a(function () { a.support.transition = b() }) }(jQuery), +function (a) { "use strict"; var b = '[data-dismiss="alert"]', c = function (c) { a(c).on("click", b, this.close) }; c.prototype.close = function (b) { function c() { f.trigger("closed.bs.alert").remove() } var d = a(this), e = d.attr("data-target"); e || (e = d.attr("href"), e = e && e.replace(/.*(?=#[^\s]*$)/, "")); var f = a(e); b && b.preventDefault(), f.length || (f = d.hasClass("alert") ? d : d.parent()), f.trigger(b = a.Event("close.bs.alert")), b.isDefaultPrevented() || (f.removeClass("in"), a.support.transition && f.hasClass("fade") ? f.one(a.support.transition.end, c).emulateTransitionEnd(150) : c()) }; var d = a.fn.alert; a.fn.alert = function (b) { return this.each(function () { var d = a(this), e = d.data("bs.alert"); e || d.data("bs.alert", e = new c(this)), "string" == typeof b && e[b].call(d) }) }, a.fn.alert.Constructor = c, a.fn.alert.noConflict = function () { return a.fn.alert = d, this }, a(document).on("click.bs.alert.data-api", b, c.prototype.close) }(jQuery), +function (a) { "use strict"; var b = function (c, d) { this.$element = a(c), this.options = a.extend({}, b.DEFAULTS, d), this.isLoading = !1 }; b.DEFAULTS = { loadingText: "loading..." }, b.prototype.setState = function (b) { var c = "disabled", d = this.$element, e = d.is("input") ? "val" : "html", f = d.data(); b += "Text", f.resetText || d.data("resetText", d[e]()), d[e](f[b] || this.options[b]), setTimeout(a.proxy(function () { "loadingText" == b ? (this.isLoading = !0, d.addClass(c).attr(c, c)) : this.isLoading && (this.isLoading = !1, d.removeClass(c).removeAttr(c)) }, this), 0) }, b.prototype.toggle = function () { var a = !0, b = this.$element.closest('[data-toggle="buttons"]'); if (b.length) { var c = this.$element.find("input"); "radio" == c.prop("type") && (c.prop("checked") && this.$element.hasClass("active") ? a = !1 : b.find(".active").removeClass("active")), a && c.prop("checked", !this.$element.hasClass("active")).trigger("change") } a && this.$element.toggleClass("active") }; var c = a.fn.button; a.fn.button = function (c) { return this.each(function () { var d = a(this), e = d.data("bs.button"), f = "object" == typeof c && c; e || d.data("bs.button", e = new b(this, f)), "toggle" == c ? e.toggle() : c && e.setState(c) }) }, a.fn.button.Constructor = b, a.fn.button.noConflict = function () { return a.fn.button = c, this }, a(document).on("click.bs.button.data-api", "[data-toggle^=button]", function (b) { var c = a(b.target); c.hasClass("btn") || (c = c.closest(".btn")), c.button("toggle"), b.preventDefault() }) }(jQuery), +function (a) { "use strict"; var b = function (b, c) { this.$element = a(b), this.$indicators = this.$element.find(".carousel-indicators"), this.options = c, this.paused = this.sliding = this.interval = this.$active = this.$items = null, "hover" == this.options.pause && this.$element.on("mouseenter", a.proxy(this.pause, this)).on("mouseleave", a.proxy(this.cycle, this)) }; b.DEFAULTS = { interval: 5e3, pause: "hover", wrap: !0 }, b.prototype.cycle = function (b) { return b || (this.paused = !1), this.interval && clearInterval(this.interval), this.options.interval && !this.paused && (this.interval = setInterval(a.proxy(this.next, this), this.options.interval)), this }, b.prototype.getActiveIndex = function () { return this.$active = this.$element.find(".item.active"), this.$items = this.$active.parent().children(), this.$items.index(this.$active) }, b.prototype.to = function (b) { var c = this, d = this.getActiveIndex(); return b > this.$items.length - 1 || 0 > b ? void 0 : this.sliding ? this.$element.one("slid.bs.carousel", function () { c.to(b) }) : d == b ? this.pause().cycle() : this.slide(b > d ? "next" : "prev", a(this.$items[b])) }, b.prototype.pause = function (b) { return b || (this.paused = !0), this.$element.find(".next, .prev").length && a.support.transition && (this.$element.trigger(a.support.transition.end), this.cycle(!0)), this.interval = clearInterval(this.interval), this }, b.prototype.next = function () { return this.sliding ? void 0 : this.slide("next") }, b.prototype.prev = function () { return this.sliding ? void 0 : this.slide("prev") }, b.prototype.slide = function (b, c) { var d = this.$element.find(".item.active"), e = c || d[b](), f = this.interval, g = "next" == b ? "left" : "right", h = "next" == b ? "first" : "last", i = this; if (!e.length) { if (!this.options.wrap) return; e = this.$element.find(".item")[h]() } if (e.hasClass("active")) return this.sliding = !1; var j = a.Event("slide.bs.carousel", { relatedTarget: e[0], direction: g }); return this.$element.trigger(j), j.isDefaultPrevented() ? void 0 : (this.sliding = !0, f && this.pause(), this.$indicators.length && (this.$indicators.find(".active").removeClass("active"), this.$element.one("slid.bs.carousel", function () { var b = a(i.$indicators.children()[i.getActiveIndex()]); b && b.addClass("active") })), a.support.transition && this.$element.hasClass("slide") ? (e.addClass(b), e[0].offsetWidth, d.addClass(g), e.addClass(g), d.one(a.support.transition.end, function () { e.removeClass([b, g].join(" ")).addClass("active"), d.removeClass(["active", g].join(" ")), i.sliding = !1, setTimeout(function () { i.$element.trigger("slid.bs.carousel") }, 0) }).emulateTransitionEnd(1e3 * d.css("transition-duration").slice(0, -1))) : (d.removeClass("active"), e.addClass("active"), this.sliding = !1, this.$element.trigger("slid.bs.carousel")), f && this.cycle(), this) }; var c = a.fn.carousel; a.fn.carousel = function (c) { return this.each(function () { var d = a(this), e = d.data("bs.carousel"), f = a.extend({}, b.DEFAULTS, d.data(), "object" == typeof c && c), g = "string" == typeof c ? c : f.slide; e || d.data("bs.carousel", e = new b(this, f)), "number" == typeof c ? e.to(c) : g ? e[g]() : f.interval && e.pause().cycle() }) }, a.fn.carousel.Constructor = b, a.fn.carousel.noConflict = function () { return a.fn.carousel = c, this }, a(document).on("click.bs.carousel.data-api", "[data-slide], [data-slide-to]", function (b) { var c, d = a(this), e = a(d.attr("data-target") || (c = d.attr("href")) && c.replace(/.*(?=#[^\s]+$)/, "")), f = a.extend({}, e.data(), d.data()), g = d.attr("data-slide-to"); g && (f.interval = !1), e.carousel(f), (g = d.attr("data-slide-to")) && e.data("bs.carousel").to(g), b.preventDefault() }), a(window).on("load", function () { a('[data-ride="carousel"]').each(function () { var b = a(this); b.carousel(b.data()) }) }) }(jQuery), +function (a) { "use strict"; var b = function (c, d) { this.$element = a(c), this.options = a.extend({}, b.DEFAULTS, d), this.transitioning = null, this.options.parent && (this.$parent = a(this.options.parent)), this.options.toggle && this.toggle() }; b.DEFAULTS = { toggle: !0 }, b.prototype.dimension = function () { var a = this.$element.hasClass("width"); return a ? "width" : "height" }, b.prototype.show = function () { if (!this.transitioning && !this.$element.hasClass("in")) { var b = a.Event("show.bs.collapse"); if (this.$element.trigger(b), !b.isDefaultPrevented()) { var c = this.$parent && this.$parent.find("> .panel > .in"); if (c && c.length) { var d = c.data("bs.collapse"); if (d && d.transitioning) return; c.collapse("hide"), d || c.data("bs.collapse", null) } var e = this.dimension(); this.$element.removeClass("collapse").addClass("collapsing")[e](0), this.transitioning = 1; var f = function () { this.$element.removeClass("collapsing").addClass("collapse in")[e]("auto"), this.transitioning = 0, this.$element.trigger("shown.bs.collapse") }; if (!a.support.transition) return f.call(this); var g = a.camelCase(["scroll", e].join("-")); this.$element.one(a.support.transition.end, a.proxy(f, this)).emulateTransitionEnd(350)[e](this.$element[0][g]) } } }, b.prototype.hide = function () { if (!this.transitioning && this.$element.hasClass("in")) { var b = a.Event("hide.bs.collapse"); if (this.$element.trigger(b), !b.isDefaultPrevented()) { var c = this.dimension(); this.$element[c](this.$element[c]())[0].offsetHeight, this.$element.addClass("collapsing").removeClass("collapse").removeClass("in"), this.transitioning = 1; var d = function () { this.transitioning = 0, this.$element.trigger("hidden.bs.collapse").removeClass("collapsing").addClass("collapse") }; return a.support.transition ? void this.$element[c](0).one(a.support.transition.end, a.proxy(d, this)).emulateTransitionEnd(350) : d.call(this) } } }, b.prototype.toggle = function () { this[this.$element.hasClass("in") ? "hide" : "show"]() }; var c = a.fn.collapse; a.fn.collapse = function (c) { return this.each(function () { var d = a(this), e = d.data("bs.collapse"), f = a.extend({}, b.DEFAULTS, d.data(), "object" == typeof c && c); !e && f.toggle && "show" == c && (c = !c), e || d.data("bs.collapse", e = new b(this, f)), "string" == typeof c && e[c]() }) }, a.fn.collapse.Constructor = b, a.fn.collapse.noConflict = function () { return a.fn.collapse = c, this }, a(document).on("click.bs.collapse.data-api", "[data-toggle=collapse]", function (b) { var c, d = a(this), e = d.attr("data-target") || b.preventDefault() || (c = d.attr("href")) && c.replace(/.*(?=#[^\s]+$)/, ""), f = a(e), g = f.data("bs.collapse"), h = g ? "toggle" : d.data(), i = d.attr("data-parent"), j = i && a(i); g && g.transitioning || (j && j.find('[data-toggle=collapse][data-parent="' + i + '"]').not(d).addClass("collapsed"), d[f.hasClass("in") ? "addClass" : "removeClass"]("collapsed")), f.collapse(h) }) }(jQuery), +function (a) { "use strict"; function b(b) { a(d).remove(), a(e).each(function () { var d = c(a(this)), e = { relatedTarget: this }; d.hasClass("open") && (d.trigger(b = a.Event("hide.bs.dropdown", e)), b.isDefaultPrevented() || d.removeClass("open").trigger("hidden.bs.dropdown", e)) }) } function c(b) { var c = b.attr("data-target"); c || (c = b.attr("href"), c = c && /#[A-Za-z]/.test(c) && c.replace(/.*(?=#[^\s]*$)/, "")); var d = c && a(c); return d && d.length ? d : b.parent() } var d = ".dropdown-backdrop", e = "[data-toggle=dropdown]", f = function (b) { a(b).on("click.bs.dropdown", this.toggle) }; f.prototype.toggle = function (d) { var e = a(this); if (!e.is(".disabled, :disabled")) { var f = c(e), g = f.hasClass("open"); if (b(), !g) { "ontouchstart" in document.documentElement && !f.closest(".navbar-nav").length && a('<div class="dropdown-backdrop"/>').insertAfter(a(this)).on("click", b); var h = { relatedTarget: this }; if (f.trigger(d = a.Event("show.bs.dropdown", h)), d.isDefaultPrevented()) return; f.toggleClass("open").trigger("shown.bs.dropdown", h), e.focus() } return !1 } }, f.prototype.keydown = function (b) { if (/(38|40|27)/.test(b.keyCode)) { var d = a(this); if (b.preventDefault(), b.stopPropagation(), !d.is(".disabled, :disabled")) { var f = c(d), g = f.hasClass("open"); if (!g || g && 27 == b.keyCode) return 27 == b.which && f.find(e).focus(), d.click(); var h = " li:not(.divider):visible a", i = f.find("[role=menu]" + h + ", [role=listbox]" + h); if (i.length) { var j = i.index(i.filter(":focus")); 38 == b.keyCode && j > 0 && j--, 40 == b.keyCode && j < i.length - 1 && j++, ~j || (j = 0), i.eq(j).focus() } } } }; var g = a.fn.dropdown; a.fn.dropdown = function (b) { return this.each(function () { var c = a(this), d = c.data("bs.dropdown"); d || c.data("bs.dropdown", d = new f(this)), "string" == typeof b && d[b].call(c) }) }, a.fn.dropdown.Constructor = f, a.fn.dropdown.noConflict = function () { return a.fn.dropdown = g, this }, a(document).on("click.bs.dropdown.data-api", b).on("click.bs.dropdown.data-api", ".dropdown form", function (a) { a.stopPropagation() }).on("click.bs.dropdown.data-api", e, f.prototype.toggle).on("keydown.bs.dropdown.data-api", e + ", [role=menu], [role=listbox]", f.prototype.keydown) }(jQuery), +function (a) { "use strict"; var b = function (b, c) { this.options = c, this.$element = a(b), this.$backdrop = this.isShown = null, this.options.remote && this.$element.find(".modal-content").load(this.options.remote, a.proxy(function () { this.$element.trigger("loaded.bs.modal") }, this)) }; b.DEFAULTS = { backdrop: !0, keyboard: !0, show: !0 }, b.prototype.toggle = function (a) { return this[this.isShown ? "hide" : "show"](a) }, b.prototype.show = function (b) { var c = this, d = a.Event("show.bs.modal", { relatedTarget: b }); this.$element.trigger(d), this.isShown || d.isDefaultPrevented() || (this.isShown = !0, this.escape(), this.$element.on("click.dismiss.bs.modal", '[data-dismiss="modal"]', a.proxy(this.hide, this)), this.backdrop(function () { var d = a.support.transition && c.$element.hasClass("fade"); c.$element.parent().length || c.$element.appendTo(document.body), c.$element.show().scrollTop(0), d && c.$element[0].offsetWidth, c.$element.addClass("in").attr("aria-hidden", !1), c.enforceFocus(); var e = a.Event("shown.bs.modal", { relatedTarget: b }); d ? c.$element.find(".modal-dialog").one(a.support.transition.end, function () { c.$element.focus().trigger(e) }).emulateTransitionEnd(300) : c.$element.focus().trigger(e) })) }, b.prototype.hide = function (b) { b && b.preventDefault(), b = a.Event("hide.bs.modal"), this.$element.trigger(b), this.isShown && !b.isDefaultPrevented() && (this.isShown = !1, this.escape(), a(document).off("focusin.bs.modal"), this.$element.removeClass("in").attr("aria-hidden", !0).off("click.dismiss.bs.modal"), a.support.transition && this.$element.hasClass("fade") ? this.$element.one(a.support.transition.end, a.proxy(this.hideModal, this)).emulateTransitionEnd(300) : this.hideModal()) }, b.prototype.enforceFocus = function () { a(document).off("focusin.bs.modal").on("focusin.bs.modal", a.proxy(function (a) { this.$element[0] === a.target || this.$element.has(a.target).length || this.$element.focus() }, this)) }, b.prototype.escape = function () { this.isShown && this.options.keyboard ? this.$element.on("keyup.dismiss.bs.modal", a.proxy(function (a) { 27 == a.which && this.hide() }, this)) : this.isShown || this.$element.off("keyup.dismiss.bs.modal") }, b.prototype.hideModal = function () { var a = this; this.$element.hide(), this.backdrop(function () { a.removeBackdrop(), a.$element.trigger("hidden.bs.modal") }) }, b.prototype.removeBackdrop = function () { this.$backdrop && this.$backdrop.remove(), this.$backdrop = null }, b.prototype.backdrop = function (b) { var c = this.$element.hasClass("fade") ? "fade" : ""; if (this.isShown && this.options.backdrop) { var d = a.support.transition && c; if (this.$backdrop = a('<div class="modal-backdrop ' + c + '" />').appendTo(document.body), this.$element.on("click.dismiss.bs.modal", a.proxy(function (a) { a.target === a.currentTarget && ("static" == this.options.backdrop ? this.$element[0].focus.call(this.$element[0]) : this.hide.call(this)) }, this)), d && this.$backdrop[0].offsetWidth, this.$backdrop.addClass("in"), !b) return; d ? this.$backdrop.one(a.support.transition.end, b).emulateTransitionEnd(150) : b() } else !this.isShown && this.$backdrop ? (this.$backdrop.removeClass("in"), a.support.transition && this.$element.hasClass("fade") ? this.$backdrop.one(a.support.transition.end, b).emulateTransitionEnd(150) : b()) : b && b() }; var c = a.fn.modal; a.fn.modal = function (c, d) { return this.each(function () { var e = a(this), f = e.data("bs.modal"), g = a.extend({}, b.DEFAULTS, e.data(), "object" == typeof c && c); f || e.data("bs.modal", f = new b(this, g)), "string" == typeof c ? f[c](d) : g.show && f.show(d) }) }, a.fn.modal.Constructor = b, a.fn.modal.noConflict = function () { return a.fn.modal = c, this }, a(document).on("click.bs.modal.data-api", '[data-toggle="modal"]', function (b) { var c = a(this), d = c.attr("href"), e = a(c.attr("data-target") || d && d.replace(/.*(?=#[^\s]+$)/, "")), f = e.data("bs.modal") ? "toggle" : a.extend({ remote: !/#/.test(d) && d }, e.data(), c.data()); c.is("a") && b.preventDefault(), e.modal(f, this).one("hide", function () { c.is(":visible") && c.focus() }) }), a(document).on("show.bs.modal", ".modal", function () { a(document.body).addClass("modal-open") }).on("hidden.bs.modal", ".modal", function () { a(document.body).removeClass("modal-open") }) }(jQuery), +function (a) { "use strict"; var b = function (a, b) { this.type = this.options = this.enabled = this.timeout = this.hoverState = this.$element = null, this.init("tooltip", a, b) }; b.DEFAULTS = { animation: !0, placement: "top", selector: !1, template: '<div class="tooltip"><div class="tooltip-arrow"></div><div class="tooltip-inner"></div></div>', trigger: "hover focus", title: "", delay: 0, html: !1, container: !1 }, b.prototype.init = function (b, c, d) { this.enabled = !0, this.type = b, this.$element = a(c), this.options = this.getOptions(d); for (var e = this.options.trigger.split(" "), f = e.length; f--;) { var g = e[f]; if ("click" == g) this.$element.on("click." + this.type, this.options.selector, a.proxy(this.toggle, this)); else if ("manual" != g) { var h = "hover" == g ? "mouseenter" : "focusin", i = "hover" == g ? "mouseleave" : "focusout"; this.$element.on(h + "." + this.type, this.options.selector, a.proxy(this.enter, this)), this.$element.on(i + "." + this.type, this.options.selector, a.proxy(this.leave, this)) } } this.options.selector ? this._options = a.extend({}, this.options, { trigger: "manual", selector: "" }) : this.fixTitle() }, b.prototype.getDefaults = function () { return b.DEFAULTS }, b.prototype.getOptions = function (b) { return b = a.extend({}, this.getDefaults(), this.$element.data(), b), b.delay && "number" == typeof b.delay && (b.delay = { show: b.delay, hide: b.delay }), b }, b.prototype.getDelegateOptions = function () { var b = {}, c = this.getDefaults(); return this._options && a.each(this._options, function (a, d) { c[a] != d && (b[a] = d) }), b }, b.prototype.enter = function (b) { var c = b instanceof this.constructor ? b : a(b.currentTarget)[this.type](this.getDelegateOptions()).data("bs." + this.type); return clearTimeout(c.timeout), c.hoverState = "in", c.options.delay && c.options.delay.show ? void (c.timeout = setTimeout(function () { "in" == c.hoverState && c.show() }, c.options.delay.show)) : c.show() }, b.prototype.leave = function (b) { var c = b instanceof this.constructor ? b : a(b.currentTarget)[this.type](this.getDelegateOptions()).data("bs." + this.type); return clearTimeout(c.timeout), c.hoverState = "out", c.options.delay && c.options.delay.hide ? void (c.timeout = setTimeout(function () { "out" == c.hoverState && c.hide() }, c.options.delay.hide)) : c.hide() }, b.prototype.show = function () { var b = a.Event("show.bs." + this.type); if (this.hasContent() && this.enabled) { if (this.$element.trigger(b), b.isDefaultPrevented()) return; var c = this, d = this.tip(); this.setContent(), this.options.animation && d.addClass("fade"); var e = "function" == typeof this.options.placement ? this.options.placement.call(this, d[0], this.$element[0]) : this.options.placement, f = /\s?auto?\s?/i, g = f.test(e); g && (e = e.replace(f, "") || "top"), d.detach().css({ top: 0, left: 0, display: "block" }).addClass(e), this.options.container ? d.appendTo(this.options.container) : d.insertAfter(this.$element); var h = this.getPosition(), i = d[0].offsetWidth, j = d[0].offsetHeight; if (g) { var k = this.$element.parent(), l = e, m = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop, n = "body" == this.options.container ? window.innerWidth : k.outerWidth(), o = "body" == this.options.container ? window.innerHeight : k.outerHeight(), p = "body" == this.options.container ? 0 : k.offset().left; e = "bottom" == e && h.top + h.height + j - m > o ? 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Latest revision as of 03:20, 18 October 2014

Virtus Parva Home


Virtus Parva

The Power of Small


Who are we?


Virtus-Parva is a team of Nanotechnology students who aim to create a better world

through love,sympathy and endearment… and through the design and development

of a novel technology based on micrometric “drills”.




Students

Virtus Parva Home Virtus Parva Home Virtus Parva Home Virtus Parva Home
Virtus Parva Home Virtus Parva Home Virtus Parva Home

Collaborators

Virtus Parva Home Virtus Parva Home Virtus Parva Home

Instructors

Virtus Parva Home Virtus Parva Home Virtus Parva Home


Meet the Team

Despite all of us being nanotechnologists, we are very different people with, of course, very different interests.Here are all of the team's members beautiful faces, with a short description to tell you a little bit about ourselves.So please, go ahead and get to know us!

Andrea Díaz Gaxiola

Passionate, extrovert, a multi-tasker, an always busy girl, my name is Andrea Díaz Gaxiola. Age: twenty two, and one year far from graduating from nanotechnology's bachelor. I have found in Nanobiotech an amazing tool which I aim to use and develop in order to create novel therapeutics, and more effective drug delivery systems.
I am Virtus-Parva's Team leader, and the responsible for wanting to be a part of iGEM. It is a dream I shared with my friends, and we've all together made it possible.
My vision of the world involves all disciplines working together towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and what surrounds us, creating knowledge but never seeking for absolute truths.
Virtus Parva Home
Virtus Parva Home

Abraham Mauleon Amieva

Hi, my name is Abraham Mauleon Amieva. I'm twenty two, and I'm from the State of Puebla, Mexico. I'm studying the last semester of the degree in Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering, at Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP). My personal interest in Nanobiotechnology is the research of novel complex materials. Hence my contribution within Virtus-Parva, for our 2014 iGEM project, was the idea of using biomaterials coupled with magnetic particles for the manufacture of biocompatible, magnetically controlled devices. Besides my scientific formation, I'm currently the President of the Civic Youth Council of Puebla; one of my main goals is the scientific diffusion among youth in the city.

Tania Hidalgo Castillo

Yo! I’m Tania Hidalgo, a kind-of-crazy vegetarian studying her 7th semester of the Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering bachelor, even though people think I’m an Arts major. I’ve participated in research regarding the inorganic part of chemistry, so biotechnology and synthetic biology is a new field that I’m exploring with my teammates. I’m interested in using these to explore bioremediation and apply my chemist formation to deal with environmental issues. My love for science is shared with photography, stringed instruments, animals and beer. The participation in the iGEM competition has granted me an opportunity to continue my learning experience and to collaborate with my friends to make something awesome (like our beautiful magnetite nanoparticles). I hope with this my family and friends finally know what I’m studying and what I’m passionate about.
Virtus Parva Home
Virtus Parva Home

Sabás Sánchez Tellechea

I’m Sabás Sánchez Tellechea, I’m 22 years old and I’m from Hermosillo, Sonora México. I’m a student of the 9th semester of the Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering degree at the Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP). My involvement within the project isn’t limited to laboratory work, it extends to the genesis of the idea to use a resonant structure guided by a magnetic nanoparticle and the research to find biocompatible materials for the construction of the device. My interests in science and nanotechnology embraces the creation of new materials trying to solve the new needs of society, the efficient use of renewable energies and the pursuit of treatments for genetic syndromes.



Diego Rosas Villalva

As a nanotechnologist, I am fascinated by the way nanostructures can boost energy conversion and storage as well as bioremediation, but as a human I want to increase quality of life and access to information for people, leading me to participate in all kind of projects, giving the best of me. My name is Diego Rosas, I was born in the city of Puebla and I’m in my senior year of nanotechnology’s bachelor at Universidad de las Américas Pueba. I’ve participated in research regarding solar energy and photocatalysis. As a member of Virtus Parva I've synthesized the inorganic part of the project, now I am focused on bionanotechnology diffusion and mathematical modeling. Currently, I am starting a project on electrospun nanofibers for wound dressing, hoping to work in partnership with a local hospital.
Virtus Parva Home
Virtus Parva Home

Armando Morín Martínez

Hi! Enthusiast and always willing to lend a hand, My name is Armando, I currently am 22 years of age, and I’m native from the state of Coahuila, México. Studying the 9th semester of the nanotechnology and molecular engineering baccalaureate at the University of the Americas Puebla (UDLAP). Within the team I am envolved in the organization of Human Practices, as well as starring in the play Copenhage, interpreting the physicist Werner Heisenberg. My inclination towards synthetic biology lies in my growing interest towards the comprehension, mimicry, and incorporation of microscopic organic mechanisms that could be exploited by mankind. This in order to achieve a better adaptation into our ever changing Mother Nature without procuring harm to it and improving our quality of life.



Tamara Saitcevsky Parra

Hi! I’m Tamara, a slightly grumpy and always-in-the-mood-for-candy, 7th semester Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering student at Universidad de las Américas Puebla. Among other things I love a good raspberry cheesecake, a gripping fantasy fiction book and a bright, sunny day. Born and raised in Mexico City, my academic interests lie in molecular biology and the dissemination of science. Within my team I have been in charge of keeping a written record of our progress and to process this information in order to give back to our community. From this experience I have learned plenty on organization, teamwork and the importance of communication for even the smallest of tasks.
Virtus Parva Home




Instructors

Ideas are just thoughts, if we don't make them tangible. These three wise men, helped us throughout the process in order to make our ideas, a reality.

Dr. José Luis Sánchez Salas

Graduated 1986 in Pharmaco-biological Chemistry from Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, his Master’s degree at the same school in Science with a specialty in Microbiology and a Ph.D. in Biochemistry at Health Center at the University of Connecticut in 1994. During his life as an investigator he has dedicated to the study of the germination of Bacilus subtilis and the differencial expression of the virulent genes of Entramoeba hystolica. He has participated in 32 national congresses and 36 international congresses and has been in three different international research programs. He is currently teacher ar UDLAP and is a member of the American Society of Microbiology and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Dr. Miguel Ángel Méndez Rojas

Born in Mexico City in 1973, he graduated Summa Cum Laude in Chemistry at Universidad de las Américas Puebla, he later obtained his Ph.D. in Chemistry at Texas Christian University. Since 2003, he has been a full-time teacher at UDLAP. His interests are focused onto the study of coordination chemistry in molecules that could be of interest in pharmacy and biology with transition metals and heavy metals and is currently working of the study of toxicity of nanomaterials amongst others. Author of over 56 scientific publications in international magazines, 14 diffusion articles, 5 chapters in books and a translator of a chemistry divulgation book. He is currently member of the National System of Investigators, level II, since 2013..

Dr. Rubén Alejos Palomares

Graduated in Electronic Engineering from the Instituto Tecnológico de Minatitlán in 1987, he further obtained his Master’s degree and Ph.D. in Sciences with a Specialty in Electronics from the Instituto Nacional de Astofísica, Óptica y Electrónica in 1990 and 1999 respectively. His interest lie in measuring systems, control and design of intelligent systems and is in the middle of projects for creating new instruments for medical diagnosis and the development of prosthesis. He has been the author of over 100 scientific articles and has worked over the years as a consultant for several companies working with the automatization and control of machines. He is currently president of the Capítulo de Inteligencia Computacional in the Puebla section.

Retrieved from "http://2014.igem.org/Team:Virtus-Parva_Mexico/Team"