Team:York/Project

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Thanks a lot to the 2011 Brown-Stanford and 2012 Lethbridge iGEM teams for snippets of their code!
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Check out their wikis at:
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https://2011.igem.org/Team:Brown-Stanford,https://2012.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge
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<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York">Home</a></li>
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<li class="dropdown active">
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                                                <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Project
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                                                        <li class="active"><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Project">The Challenge</a></li>
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                                                        <li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Constructs">The Solution</a></li>
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                                                        <li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Application">Future Applications</a></li>
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                                        </li>
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                                                <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Achievements
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                                                        <li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Judging">Judging Criteria</a></li>
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                                                        <li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Results">Results</a></li>
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                                                        <li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Parts">Parts</a></li>
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                                        </li>
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<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Policy And Practice
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                                                        <li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Environment">Environmental Impact</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Surveys">Survey and GMOs</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Protocols">Protocols</a></li>
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<a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Team">Students and Instructors</a></li>
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<h1>The Challenge</h1>
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<p><h2>To remove Cadmium from water</h2></p>
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<p>Both cadmium and sulfate compounds can be found in wastewater and is produced from processes such as electroplating. If these contaminants are not removed from the environment, they can have a detrimental impact upon living organisms. For example, if cadmium is consumed by mammals over a long period of time, it can cause health problems such as Itai-Itai disease (cadmium poisoning). This year, our project at iGEM York is focusing on increasing the uptake of cadmium and sulfate in our chosen chassis <i>E. coli</i>. The project has two main, interlinked approaches:</p>
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<li><p>Firstly, the increased uptake of sulfur using an exogenous sulfate transporter from <i>Bacillus</i>.</p></li>
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<li><p>Secondly the increased uptake and chelation of cadmium ions through the use of metal-binding proteins, to produce a potentially recoverable metal product.</p></li>
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<p><h2>How are these two processes intertwined?</h2></p>
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<p>We are tweaking the cysteine biosynthesis pathway, allowing the over-expression of cysteine and the utilisation of the sulfate that accumulates inside our cell. In addition, we are tweaking another system, the production of cysteine-rich phytochelatins. We are over-producing these metal-binding proteins, and thus creating a sink for the cysteine that is produced by our cell. These metal-binding proteins are also responsible for chelating the cadmium that our cell takes up from the environment.</p>
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<p><h3>How is our system regulated?</h3></p>
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<p>We have designed our system to be regulated by the concentration of cadmium in the environment. If the concentration of cadmium surpasses the sensitivity threshold of pYoda (cadmium-inducible promoter)then it will activate our system and as a result, our genes will be expressed. Our system prevents the overproduction of cysteine when cadmium is at low concentrations.</p>
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<!-- <img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/York_Cysteine_2.png>
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<p><b>Structure of L-Cysteine</b></p> -->
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<p><b> Synthesis of L-Cysteine</b></p></div></div>
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<h3 class="text-center"><i>EcoCADMUS</i>: The grisly story behind the name.</h3></a><br>
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<a href="#" class="yorknav"><li class="yorknav" id="Sponsors">Sponsors</li></a>
 
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<a href="#" class="yorknav"><li class="yorknav" id="Project">Project</li></a>
 
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<h3>Our Project</h3>
 
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<p>Portman Bay is an area in South-east Spain. It is about 10 x 5 km and contains one of the highest densities of galena concentrations in Spain. Open pit mining for galena (Pb-Zn) and sphalerite (ZnS) began in the 1960s. Pyrate (FeS2) also taken as a product for industrial production of sulphuric acid. <br><br>
 
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The mining carried out was open-pit. This meant that the minerals were blasted from the ground using explosives. The rock collected was then crushed, milled, and processed in a plant. The processing involved separating the useful minerals (concentrates) from the rest (tailings) through a process called froth flotation. The concentrates could then be sent to the smelter while the tailings were disposed of. The tailings can make up 95% of the original material. Usually the tailings will be disposed of in a specially designed impoundment plant. <br><br>
 
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However, in Portman Bay, there was no room for an impoundment plant to be built. At the time, this problem was got around, simply by pumping the waste from the plant straight into the bay. Between the years 1957 and 1990 when it was finally shut down, 50 million tons of tailings were pumped into the bay.<br><br>
 
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The separation processes at the Portman Bay plant were not 100% efficient and though some pyrite was removed for industrial use, the content of pyrite in the tailings exceeded 10%. Small but significant quantities of the other minerals being mined also ended up in the tailings. The tailings themselves also contain high concentrations of metals known to be toxic including zinc, lead and arsenic. The combination of pyrate with the other sulphates causes serious problems as they react to produce environmentally hazardous products. The layers of rock underneath Portman bay are rich in carbonate and this reacts to consume some but not all of the sulphuric acid produced.<br><br>
 
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Studies in the area show the serious impacts this is having on the local wildlife. The main problems are caused by the leaching of metals from the soil. Fish in the area accumulate the highest lead, mercury and arsenic levels, and mussels, the highest lead, cadmium and mercury levels on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Biodiversity is suffering as many larval species cannot develop properly in the environment. Marine communities are becoming overwhelmed by the few species able to survive and the future ecological impacts are unknown.<br><br></p>
 
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<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-bottom" role="contact" id="yorkfooter">
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Latest revision as of 03:33, 18 October 2014

Team York 2014


The Challenge

To remove Cadmium from water

Both cadmium and sulfate compounds can be found in wastewater and is produced from processes such as electroplating. If these contaminants are not removed from the environment, they can have a detrimental impact upon living organisms. For example, if cadmium is consumed by mammals over a long period of time, it can cause health problems such as Itai-Itai disease (cadmium poisoning). This year, our project at iGEM York is focusing on increasing the uptake of cadmium and sulfate in our chosen chassis E. coli. The project has two main, interlinked approaches:

  • Firstly, the increased uptake of sulfur using an exogenous sulfate transporter from Bacillus.

  • Secondly the increased uptake and chelation of cadmium ions through the use of metal-binding proteins, to produce a potentially recoverable metal product.

How are these two processes intertwined?

We are tweaking the cysteine biosynthesis pathway, allowing the over-expression of cysteine and the utilisation of the sulfate that accumulates inside our cell. In addition, we are tweaking another system, the production of cysteine-rich phytochelatins. We are over-producing these metal-binding proteins, and thus creating a sink for the cysteine that is produced by our cell. These metal-binding proteins are also responsible for chelating the cadmium that our cell takes up from the environment.

How is our system regulated?

We have designed our system to be regulated by the concentration of cadmium in the environment. If the concentration of cadmium surpasses the sensitivity threshold of pYoda (cadmium-inducible promoter)then it will activate our system and as a result, our genes will be expressed. Our system prevents the overproduction of cysteine when cadmium is at low concentrations.

Synthesis of L-Cysteine

EcoCADMUS: The grisly story behind the name.


Retrieved from "http://2014.igem.org/Team:York/Project"