Jack says:

A very productive day designing the bacterial containment system and overall chemical/mechanical logistics;

1 uL (agarose or agar or ... )-bacteria 'beads' will be coated with a partially permeable polymer to DCM -this is doable by exploiting the difference in polarity of DCM and H2O/HCl/things we want free movement of through the capsule-, with rate of DCM diffusion across it less than or equal to the rate of DCM breakdown. The aim is maintaining an internal capsule steady state [DCM], while enabling direct capsule exposure to high [DCM]. In our physical system, the beads will have intermediate density between water, 1.000 g/ml, and DCM, 1.325 g/ml, lying at the interface of a biphasic mixture of the two, putting the bacteria in contact with the concentration we want.

The DCM permeability and overall capsule density will be controlled by coating thickness and density. If necessary, a second, permeable coating of tunable density can be added to get it right.

solving the pH problem (without anion exchange diffusion dialysis/pumps): 1. We will have a buffer, which will somewhat help. 2. As HCl is much more soluble in water than DCM, it will be almost all in the aqueous layer, so replace it when it gets to {whatever pH}, shown with the appropriate pH indicator, (which is added with the buffer and other 'biochem stuff...' as 'powder mix')

To summarise, how it will work in practice: 1. to the graduated FEP / TFE / PFA container with tap, add in any order, the ratios: X mL DCM :Y mL water: Z g 'powder mix' 2. when the aqueous layer goes {insert pH indicator colour}, empty the aqueous layer using the side-tap (run-off can be put through HCl reclamation, or neutralised e.g. by ammonia to produce ammonium chloride -important in agrochem. industry as fertilizer- or poured down sink), 3. See remaining volume of DCM layer, re-add water and 'powder mix' in corresponding ratios. 5. repeat 2-3 until bottom darker, yellow (DCM) layer is gone.

This is great because it defeats the need for pump and dispensing systems, so no (expensive) moving or electrical parts to go wrong, while keeping minimal user intervention. The larger the H2O/DCM vol. ratio, the slower the pH drop, so we can model & optimise this.

Next, for me, is to experiment producing agarose etc. beads by various methods, identify candidate coating materials and do kinetic calculations based on permeability data to determine required coating thicknesses, then identify coating methods (spray-coating, etc) that the bacteria will survive. Once we have our working bacteria and all data the biochemists want, I suggest making just the beads (no polymer) and seeing what they do in e.g. 10mM DCM, then if there's time, give the full thing a go.

Oliver says:

Sheffield meet up!

Oliver says:

Spent the morning with Jack looking at where the parameters come in. Played with the model and after speaking with George discovered that I hadn't modelled quite what the system is.

Jack says:

(Part A): Modelled the thermodynamics of solution-vapour equilibration, justifying our [DCM] approximation by calculating its deviation due to this effect.

Oliver says: - Major Breakthrough

Finished the first draft of the model, will leave it until we have real data to feed back into the system. The model is very robust and allows any user to input a large variety of parameters and scenarios that could be realistically expected in the laboratory results. The output of the model is the colour that you can expect over time (the outputs of the real system will be from a combination of mCherry and GFP).

The model reveals surprising results, including how even a small basal rate of gene expression (due to leakage of the promoters) can really change the results.

The way that I finally got the model to work was by returning to the ODE15s function in Matlab and not bothering with Laplace transforms. Information on how to use Matlab to model repressor and activator networks very easily, accurately and quickly will be uploaded to this wiki soon! If you want more details please don't hesitate to contact us.

Oliver says:

Today was difficult. It was spent trying to write Matlab code to solve the differential equations. Having already written the code successfully for an autorepressor and an autoactivator using the built in function ode15s, I thought it would be relatively easy to use similar code to model a network. However, I ran into quite a lot of problems with transferring all of the required values back and forth between the function script and the data entry script.

In the afternoon, I tried to get the model to work using Laplace transforms and more specifically Matlab's incredible computing ability at calculating the inverse laplace transform of complex functions to allow solutions to be obtained. However, this presented more problems than the ode15s function due to vector sizes and things that quite quickly got quite messy.

Help with the autorepressor/autoactivator code will be up on the wiki shortly, please don't hesitate to contact us in the meantime for more info though.

Jack says:

(Part B): day 1 modelling was spent setting up a kinetic 'map' of the tetR system as a biological repressor analogue to uncharacterised dcmR. Stochastic kinetic data was found <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Oxford/references">2</a> and required coefficients approximated (relative orders of magnitude) from these data sets will be fed into Ollie's ODE Model.

Oliver says:

The morning was spent with Glen and Fran (who are working on part B) discussing exactly what network of activation and repression we were trying to categorize and turning it from Snapgene files (that the Biochemists understand) into a series of possible repression and activation scenarios.

Then, it was a matter of condensing the network of seemingly complex interactions into a set of differential equations with the relevant constants. This allows the response of the system to an external known input be accurately modeled.