Team:SCUT/HP/Magazine/iGEM Bilingualism

From 2014.igem.org

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The Delegates of SCUT Team Went to Wuhan for iGEMers’Meetup
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Scientists Move Closer to Inventing Artificial Life<br>科学家真的做出了人造生命？
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On 23th Aug. 2014, the first central china iGEMers’meetup held by the union of Central China iGEM Teams was solemnly opened. This meeting attracts 16 iGEM teams from 17 universities，and SCUT team also sent two delegates to Wuhan to communicate. One was our team leader, Zhang Junjie, and the other was the head of HP part, Wang Zhizheng.
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It is reported that an international team has inserted a man-made chromosome into brewer's yeast, producing a life form that thrives and successfully passes the designer genes on to its offspring.
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The meeting lasting 2 days was organized by HZAU, WHU and HUST iGEM teams. The contents consisted of three main parts: senior iGEMers’ reports, project presentation by each team, and the discussion of debugs in experiments. On the morning of 23th  August, Dr. Tang Jun, the professor of HZAU participated in the opening ceremony and gave a welcoming speech. Then we watched the video made by the chairman iGEM Head Quarters specially for the meeting. It was really helpful and wonderful. After the opening ceremony, the seniors Zhang Haoqian and Liu Yang coming from Peking University and Ocean University of China gave us two important speeches, sharing their abundant experience about iGEM. It really paid to learn.
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据报道，一支由各国科学家组成的科研队伍近日将人造染色体成功导入啤酒酵母（我们常喝的青岛啤酒、珠江啤酒都是由靠这种重要的可食用菌发酵产生的哦!!!）内，创造出了可以独立健康成长并可将改造后的基因传给子孙后代的一种生命体形式。这一实验结果意味着人类在创造生命的路途上迈出了重要的第一步。下面我们就来具体看看这一全新生命体是如何被创造出来的。
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(pic 1 Haoqian was sharing his iGEM life.)
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Chromosomes are the packages for genes. In plants, animals, and fungi like yeast, they are contained within a cell nucleus, which simpler microbes like bacteria do not have. People have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and yeasts have 16. Best known for their role in baking bread and brewing beer, yeasts share about a third of their genes with people.
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At first, Zhang Haoqian made a report and talked with us on five aspects. The contents were as follows: his experiences of joining in iGEM, the development of iGEM, the judging standards and some helpful tips, meanwhile he also told us the problems we faced about synthetic biology and introduced his research about synthetic biology. After that, Liu Yang raised a heated discussion with us. He asked us whether we should be guided by the application or research while we are designing our projects. Different people held different opinions. The atmosphere of discussion was pretty good. And we were so grateful for their detailed and impressive speeches.
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染色体是基因的集中体。在植物、动物和真菌等真核生物中，染色体存在于细胞核中；而在简单低等的原核生物如细菌，染色体和细胞核都是不存在的。相对于人类的23对染色体，用于酿酒和制作面包的酵母只有16对，并且酵母基因的三分之一都是人类基因中可以找到的。
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（Pic 1 The budding yeast is just like roast photo with delicious sausage.
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图为正在出芽的啤酒酵母,看起来像不像一个土豆盖着许多片烤香肠呢？
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嘿嘿，是不是又饿了^_^）
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(Pic 2 Liu Yang was explaining a research)
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Tolerant of genetic tinkering, yeast played a role in a previous synthetic biology breakthrough, when scientists led by J. Craig Venter assembled the first artificial bacterial genome inside yeast cells in 2009. And man-made DNA strips cooked up inside yeasts, so-called yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), have been used to make gene maps for decades. Yeast was one of the first organisms to have its entire genome sequenced, in 1996.
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During the break of the meting, there were a variety of drinks and snacks in the lounge. We talked with friends as we drank coffee and ate cakes, which was so relaxing. Meanwhile there was also a poster area where we can see the posters of different teams to learn their ideas and thoughts. The posters all have their own features of their team, for example, the poster of Ocean University of China was painted on a blue background just like the beautiful ocean. 
 
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In the afternoon, HUST team and other 6 teams presented their projects in English. At first, two girls of HUST team introduced their project and they designed an engineering bacterium called Cao Mengde that can monitor Cu2+ of effluent, and meanwhile adsorb cyanogen compounds. And BNU team designed a project about an enzyme called ModA. The enzyme can adsorb and fix nitrogen and release molybdenum, which is of great help for plants to grow. And CAU team also bring us an amazing project. They tried to use a certain mechanism to make the engineering bacteria express RFP cyclically so that make a snowflake-shaped picture.WHU-Pharm team focused on designing a drug monitor without cellular system,while  Jinlin team chose a project of environment track just like Peking team in order to control water pollution. 
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由于对基因改造有很好的耐受性，酵母在以往合成生物学的重大突破中都扮演了很重要的角色。2009年，以J.Craig Venter为首的科学家们在酵母细胞中组建了第一个人工细菌基因。另外，酵母中的某些DNA被人工敲除（使酵母中原有的一些可以表达的基因沉默不能表达，从而抑制相关生物功能），改造成为酵母人造染色体（YAC），多年来都被用作构建基因图谱。1996年，酵母成为第一个被全部测序的有机体。
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(Pic 3 Our delicious dinner)
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The new study's "synIII" artificial chromosome implanted into brewer's yeast builds on this legacy. It crowns a seven-year "Build a Genome" project that involved more than 60 biologists in its assembly.
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这项将“synIII”人造染色体植入啤酒酵母中的研究全部建立在上述基础上。它被称为“7年构建一个基因组”项目，共有60多位生物学家参与它的构建。
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At dinner, HZAU team brought us a sumptuous feast. We tasted various delicious local foods in Zhuyuan Dining Hall. After dinner, we had a lively and amazing discussion, which we called free talk. We have deep-going discussion and communication with BIT team, NDTU team, LZU team, WHU team and AHUT team. The atmosphere of free talk cannot be more enthusiastic, and all members have a very positive attitude to talk with their new friends and other team members. We cannot help being moved by our enthusiasm.  
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Essentially, the study researchers created a stripped-down, but still functional, third chromosome of brewer's yeast, which contains about 2.5 percent of the organism's total genes.
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All team members made great efforts for one topic, one dream and one goal. We encouraged each other, and we were grateful for HZAU held the wonderful meet-up, which we cannot forget any more. What’s more, one of our team delegates also found a fellow-townsman in this competition, which made him feel very warm and happy.
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“This is a major step towards being able to design completely novel organisms," says Todd Kuiken of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. "The research team has created what some might call the first synthetic cell that was designed, built and reproduced without a host cell present," he says.
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All in all, the most important meaning of joining in iGEM is not about the grade , and should be the knowledge, confidence, friendship and the beautiful memory!
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“这是迈向设计出全新生物体的重要一步。“华盛顿特区Woodrow Wilson国际学者中心的Todd Kuiken说，“研究小组已经创造出第一个合成细胞，它能够不需要宿主细胞的存在而自主设计、构建和复制。”
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(Pic 4 The group photo with WHU iGEMers)
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Still awaiting scientists is the assembly of a complete artificial genome: man-made versions of all the chromosomes in a plant or animal.
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仍有待科学家们完成的是一个完整的人造基因组的组装构建：所有动植物的人造基因组
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Ideally, synthetic biology will produce microbes with specific genetic codes embedded to cheaply churn out renewable fuels or medicines such as the antimalarial drug artemisinin.
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科学家的理想是，合成生物学能够创造出植入特定基因的工程菌，这些工程菌可以廉价生产出可再生燃料和像抗疟药青蒿素这样的高成本药物。
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Revision as of 22:20, 17 October 2014

Scientists Move Closer to Inventing Artificial Life
科学家真的做出了人造生命？

It is reported that an international team has inserted a man-made chromosome into brewer's yeast, producing a life form that thrives and successfully passes the designer genes on to its offspring.

据报道，一支由各国科学家组成的科研队伍近日将人造染色体成功导入啤酒酵母（我们常喝的青岛啤酒、珠江啤酒都是由靠这种重要的可食用菌发酵产生的哦!!!）内，创造出了可以独立健康成长并可将改造后的基因传给子孙后代的一种生命体形式。这一实验结果意味着人类在创造生命的路途上迈出了重要的第一步。下面我们就来具体看看这一全新生命体是如何被创造出来的。

Chromosomes are the packages for genes. In plants, animals, and fungi like yeast, they are contained within a cell nucleus, which simpler microbes like bacteria do not have. People have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and yeasts have 16. Best known for their role in baking bread and brewing beer, yeasts share about a third of their genes with people.

染色体是基因的集中体。在植物、动物和真菌等真核生物中，染色体存在于细胞核中；而在简单低等的原核生物如细菌，染色体和细胞核都是不存在的。相对于人类的23对染色体，用于酿酒和制作面包的酵母只有16对，并且酵母基因的三分之一都是人类基因中可以找到的。

（Pic 1 The budding yeast is just like roast photo with delicious sausage. 图为正在出芽的啤酒酵母,看起来像不像一个土豆盖着许多片烤香肠呢？ 嘿嘿，是不是又饿了^_^）

Tolerant of genetic tinkering, yeast played a role in a previous synthetic biology breakthrough, when scientists led by J. Craig Venter assembled the first artificial bacterial genome inside yeast cells in 2009. And man-made DNA strips cooked up inside yeasts, so-called yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), have been used to make gene maps for decades. Yeast was one of the first organisms to have its entire genome sequenced, in 1996.

由于对基因改造有很好的耐受性，酵母在以往合成生物学的重大突破中都扮演了很重要的角色。2009年，以J.Craig Venter为首的科学家们在酵母细胞中组建了第一个人工细菌基因。另外，酵母中的某些DNA被人工敲除（使酵母中原有的一些可以表达的基因沉默不能表达，从而抑制相关生物功能），改造成为酵母人造染色体（YAC），多年来都被用作构建基因图谱。1996年，酵母成为第一个被全部测序的有机体。

The new study's "synIII" artificial chromosome implanted into brewer's yeast builds on this legacy. It crowns a seven-year "Build a Genome" project that involved more than 60 biologists in its assembly. 这项将“synIII”人造染色体植入啤酒酵母中的研究全部建立在上述基础上。它被称为“7年构建一个基因组”项目，共有60多位生物学家参与它的构建。

Essentially, the study researchers created a stripped-down, but still functional, third chromosome of brewer's yeast, which contains about 2.5 percent of the organism's total genes.

“This is a major step towards being able to design completely novel organisms," says Todd Kuiken of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. "The research team has created what some might call the first synthetic cell that was designed, built and reproduced without a host cell present," he says.

“这是迈向设计出全新生物体的重要一步。“华盛顿特区Woodrow Wilson国际学者中心的Todd Kuiken说，“研究小组已经创造出第一个合成细胞，它能够不需要宿主细胞的存在而自主设计、构建和复制。”

Still awaiting scientists is the assembly of a complete artificial genome: man-made versions of all the chromosomes in a plant or animal. 仍有待科学家们完成的是一个完整的人造基因组的组装构建：所有动植物的人造基因组

Ideally, synthetic biology will produce microbes with specific genetic codes embedded to cheaply churn out renewable fuels or medicines such as the antimalarial drug artemisinin.

科学家的理想是，合成生物学能够创造出植入特定基因的工程菌，这些工程菌可以廉价生产出可再生燃料和像抗疟药青蒿素这样的高成本药物。

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