Team:Toulouse/Project/project-context

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      <a href="" class="link-banniere">ACKNOWLEGDEMENT<i></i></a>
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       <h2>Project context</h2>
       <h2>Project context</h2>
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   <p style="margin:0 auto; color:#696969; width:960px; padding-top:20px; font-size:16px;"> Project&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Context project</p>  
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   <p style="margin:0 auto; color:#696969; width:960px; padding-top:20px; font-size:16px;">Project&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Context project</p>
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<p class="texte">One of Europe most famous scenic is without a doubt the Toulouse Canal du Midi. Situated in the heart of our city and going through Southern France, our lab is only 5 minutes walk from the Canal du Midi. Everyone in the team enjoys the quietness and loveliness of this charming place. Unfortunately, this heritage is threatened: a phytopathogenic fungus, <i>Ceratocystis platani</i>, is devastating the trees lining the Canal.
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<p class="texte">The situation is alarming: today the only solution is preventive tree cutting to stem the fungal epidemic. The consequences are disastrous. Not only for the beauty of the landscapes but it has also a huge environmental, social and economic costs. Today, 42,000 plane trees are threatened, knowing that cutting and planting a new resistant tree is about € 4,000.
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<p class="title1">The Canal du midi</p>
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<div style="float:right; margin-left:40px"><img style="width:300px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/04/Canal_automnal.jpg"></div>
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<p class="texte" style="display:block; float: left; width: 600px;">This ingenious masterpiece respects the environment in which it is harmoniously integrated since 1681 by Pierre-Paul Riquet.
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Characterized as a summit level canal, it culminates at 189 meters of altitude and connects, from coast to coast the Atlantic and the Mediterranean seas.
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On December 7<sup>th</sup> 1996, the UNESCO registers Le Canal du Midi on the list of world’s legacy. The first plane trees bordering the canal were planted after its creation in 1776. Resolving the erosion of riverbanks and the evaporation of the water, the plane imposed itself as a dominant and emblematic tree. The wooded legacy is estimated to about 42,000 trees, it contributes to the landscape and aesthetic.
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Today, the canal du midi is primarily used for tourism, recreation and housing. Busier than the Seine (Paris river), it accounts for one fifth of French river tourism and 80 % tourists are foreigners. Boaters seeking for tranquility, quietness and a unique environment mainly navigate over it.
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<p class="title1">Canker Stain</p>
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<div style="float:left; width:215px; margin-right:40px"><img style="width:200px; float:left;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/5e/Ceratocystis.jpg"></div>
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<p class="texte">The canker stain is a disease caused by <i>Ceratocystis platani</i>, a microscopic fungus that exclusively attacks Plane Trees.
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Probably introduced in France by infected wooden munitions cases coming from United States of America in 1945, the fungus introduces itself inside the sain tree’s heart, blocks the sap flow and kills it in only 2 to 5 years.
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On the regulatory side, on July 31<sup>th</sup> 2000 a ministerial order has classed <I>Ceratocystis platani</I> as an harmful organism for plants.  This order leads to a mandatory fight against the fungus.
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        <p class="texte">One of Europe Wonders is without doubt the Toulouse’s Canal du Midi. Situated in the heart of our city and going through Southern France, our lab is only 5 minutes' walk from the Canal du Midi. Everyone in the team could enjoy the quietness and loveliness of this charming place. Unfortunately, this heritage is threatened: a phytopathogenic fugus, Certocystis platani, is devastating the trees lining the Canal.  </p> <br>
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<br></br>
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<p class="texte">The situation is alarming : today the only actual solution is preventive tree cutting to stem the fungal epidemic. The consequences are disastrous. Not only for the beauty of the landscapes but it has also huge environemental, social and economic costs. Today, 42.000 plane trees are threatened, knowing that cutting and planting a new resistant tree is about €4000. </p>
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<p class="title1">Fighting the plane trees pathogen</p>  
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<br>
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<p class="texte">Regarding this imminent threat, some solutions emerged.
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<p class="title1">The Canal du midi
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</br>First of all, chemical fungicides were used. However, the community realized it was impossible to eradicate the whole fungus.  
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<br> This ingenious masterpiece respects the environment in which it is harmoniously integrated since 1681 by Pierre-Paul Riquet.
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</br>Therefore, the French Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA) created a new type of plane trees named Platanor which were resistant to the fungus infection. Unfortunately, this extreme measure could not save the already contaminated trees nearby the Canal du Midi.
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Characterized as a summit level canal, it culminates at 189 meters of altitude and permits the achievement of water through the sea.
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</br>Today, the only option remains in the tree-cutting of the contaminated plane trees. Nevertheless, this previous solution is not optimal because of the high cost and the major touristic and social impact for our heritage.
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In December 7th, 1996, the UNESCO registers Le Canal du Midi on the list of world’s legacy.
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</p>
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The canal du midi is today primarily used for tourism, recreation and housing. Busier than the Seine (Paris), it accounts for one fifth of French river tourism and 80 % tourists are foreigners. Boaters seeking for tranquillity, quietness and a unique environment mainly navigate over it.
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</p> <br>
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<p class="title1">Canker Stain<p>
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<br><p class="texte">The first plane trees bordering the channel appeared lately after its creation in 1776. Resolving the erosion of riverbanks and the evaporation of the water, the planesimposes itself has a dominant and emblematic marrow. The wooded legacy is estimated to about 42.000 trees, it contributes to the landscape and aesthetic.
+
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The canker stain is a disease caused by Ceratocystis platani, a microscopic fungus that exclusively attacks Plane Trees.
+
-
Probably introduced in France by infected wooden munitions cases coming from United States of America in 1945, the fungus introduces itself inside the sain tree’s heart and blocks the sap flow and kills it in only 2 to 5 years.
+
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On the regulatory side, the July 31th 2000 modified ministerial order classes Ceratocystis as a harmful organism for plants. This order leads to a mandatory fight against the fungus.
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UN MOT SUR LES SOLUTIONS ACTUELLES  platanor ?</P>  
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<p class="title1">References</p>
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<ul>
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<li class="tree"><p class="texte">Photo VNF/Sud-Ouest</p></li>
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color:#666; font-size:18px;">Overview</br>
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Latest revision as of 02:49, 18 October 2014