http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&feed=atom&action=historyTeam:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2 - Revision history2024-03-28T14:01:29ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.5http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&diff=394708&oldid=prevYm10201002 at 03:12, 18 October 20142014-10-18T03:12:03Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>There exist some minor error, but the result nearly could demonstrate the competition result. The dominant caries pathogen in our oral cavity is S. mutans (green). Though Veillonella (black) won’t produce acid, it also accounts a high percentage and would have certain impact on the ecology balance, so we take this species into our simulation. Neisseria mucosa (red) and S. mitis (pink) are also major pathogen in our oral cavity, but their population also decline due to the competition. Population of S. sobrinus (blue) doesn’t drop very obviously. </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>There exist some minor error, but the result nearly could demonstrate the competition result. The dominant caries pathogen in our oral cavity is S. mutans (green). Though Veillonella (black) won’t produce acid, it also accounts a high percentage and would have certain impact on the ecology balance, so we take this species into our simulation. Neisseria mucosa (red) and S. mitis (pink) are also major pathogen in our oral cavity, but their population also decline due to the competition. Population of S. sobrinus (blue) doesn’t drop very obviously. </p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Different species of bacteria has different acid producing ability resulted by metabolism. We use the pH in our oral as the main factor of judging dental decay level. Also, changing one species in the oral ecology can lead to distinct balance of the ecosystem. Thus result in change of the pH level.After we know the competition process of these species, the next step is to know how to control the S. mutans.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Different species of bacteria has different acid producing ability resulted by metabolism. We use the pH in our oral as the main factor of judging dental decay level. Also, changing one species in the oral ecology can lead to distinct balance of the ecosystem. Thus result in change of the pH level.After we know the competition process of these species, the next step is to know how to control the S. mutans.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>By setting a killing threshold, suppressing the population when it reaches the threshold, we can demonstrate the balance of the ecology (as shown in Figure 2) and calculate the corresponding minimum pH level (as shown in Figure 3). Thus, we can know the proper amount to control S. mutans. In our result, controlling the population to approximately 72% (180/250) can result in a highest minimum pH level. </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>By setting a killing threshold, suppressing the population when it reaches the threshold, we can demonstrate the balance of the ecology (as shown in Figure 2) and calculate the corresponding minimum pH level (as shown in Figure 3). Thus, we can know the proper amount to control S. mutans. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><b></ins>In our result, controlling the population to approximately 72% (180/250) can result in a highest minimum pH level.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></b> </ins></p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><img src='/wiki/images/6/6c/NYMU14_model2_threshold.png' style="display: block;width: 920px;margin: 0 auto;"><p style=" text-align: center;">Figure 2: Different killing threshold of S. mutans original population size and the ecosystem.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><img src='/wiki/images/6/6c/NYMU14_model2_threshold.png' style="display: block;width: 920px;margin: 0 auto;"><p style=" text-align: center;">Figure 2: Different killing threshold of S. mutans original population size and the ecosystem.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><img src='/wiki/images/e/e4/NYMU14_model2_pHsweep.png' style="display: block;margin: 0 auto;"><p style=" text-align: center;">Figure 3: pH level of setting different killing threshold</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><img src='/wiki/images/e/e4/NYMU14_model2_pHsweep.png' style="display: block;margin: 0 auto;"><p style=" text-align: center;">Figure 3: pH level of setting different killing threshold</p></div></td></tr>
</table>Ym10201002http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&diff=394175&oldid=prevYm10201002 at 03:08, 18 October 20142014-10-18T03:08:00Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h1 id='2c1-1'>Background</h1></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h1 id='2c1-1'>Background</h1></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>Dental caries is defined as demineralization of tooth enamel[1]. Because tooth enamel solubility is pH dependent[2], acid production in plaque area is believed to be crucial for caries development. In 1940, Stephan has discovered that the longer time pH value of oral cavity is below “critical pH 5.5”, the more susceptible tooth enamel is. Therefore, NYMU team plans to prevent tooth caries via eliminating S. mutans, the main cariogenic bacteria that produce most of the acid[3].</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>Dental caries is defined as demineralization of tooth enamel[1]. Because tooth enamel solubility is pH dependent[2], acid production in plaque area is believed to be crucial for caries development. In 1940, Stephan has discovered that the longer time pH value of oral cavity is below “critical pH 5.5”, the more susceptible tooth enamel is. Therefore, NYMU team plans to prevent tooth caries via eliminating S. mutans, the main cariogenic bacteria that produce most of the acid[3].</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>However, studies have shown that when S. mutans no longer adapts to the environment, or the amount of S. mutans decreased to an extent, other species will become dominant instead[4]. Thus, there is concern that if we kill S. mutans excessively, other bacteria population would grow, and cause caries or do other harm to the oral cavity. Due to the limitation of our lab, we cannot do experiment in vitro or in multi-species culture to verify the saying. We then use modelling, the competition model, to demonstrate the reason why we cannot kill all S. mutans, and find the optimize amount of <i>S. mutans</i> elimination to prevent caries without concerning other cariogenic bacteria.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>However, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><b></ins>studies have shown that when S. mutans no longer adapts to the environment, or the amount of S. mutans decreased to an extent, other species will become dominant instead[4] <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></b></ins>. Thus, there is concern that if we kill S. mutans excessively, other bacteria population would grow, and cause caries or do other harm to the oral cavity. Due to the limitation of our lab, we cannot do experiment in vitro or in multi-species culture to verify the saying. We then use modelling, the competition model, to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><b></ins>demonstrate the reason why we cannot kill all S. mutans, and find the optimize amount of <i>S. mutans</i> elimination to prevent caries without concerning other cariogenic bacteria.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></b></ins></p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In our competition model, we choose to use Lotka–Volterra competition model, which based on logistic equation, for it fits very well with our experimental data on <i>S. mutans</i> growth curve. We choose four species that can produce acid and occupy high proportion in our oral cavity as the subjects of modeling, which are S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. mitis[5], and Neisseria mucosa[6]. To validate our model more realistically and precisely, we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from a paper published in 2012, which samples from 36 human[7], to find out how bacteria compete in oral cavity. Moreover, we use experimental data from literature to know how populations shift effect oral pH value. Then we can find out the optimal S. mutans population that would maximize oral pH value, and therefore prevent caries from happening.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In our competition model, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><b></ins>we choose to use Lotka–Volterra competition model, which based on logistic equation, for it fits very well with our experimental data on <i>S. mutans</i> growth curve<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></b></ins>. We choose four species that can produce acid and occupy high proportion in our oral cavity as the subjects of modeling, which are S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. mitis[5], and Neisseria mucosa[6]. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><b></ins>To validate our model more realistically and precisely, we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from a paper published in 2012, which samples from 36 human[7] <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></b></ins>, to find out how bacteria compete in oral cavity. Moreover, we use experimental data from literature to know how populations shift effect oral pH value. Then we can find out the optimal S. mutans population that would maximize oral pH value, and therefore prevent caries from happening.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h1 id='2c1-2'>Models and mathematic equations</h1></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h1 id='2c1-2'>Models and mathematic equations</h1></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p class='noindent'><b>Competitive Lotka–Volterra equation</b> presents the competition between two or more species for limiting resources[8].</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p class='noindent'><b>Competitive Lotka–Volterra equation</b> presents the competition between two or more species for limiting resources[8].</p></div></td></tr>
</table>Ym10201002http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&diff=353843&oldid=prevNymuchang at 21:03, 17 October 20142014-10-17T21:03:30Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To quantize and prove the saying of eliminating all <i>S. mutans</i> would lead to the rise of other bacteria via using mathematical model.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To quantize and prove the saying of eliminating all <i>S. mutans</i> would lead to the rise of other bacteria via using mathematical model.</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To predict the change of pH and ecology in oral cavity after eliminating different amount of S. mutans.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To predict the change of pH and ecology in oral cavity after eliminating different amount of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><i></ins>S. mutans.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></i></ins></li></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h1 id='2c1-1'>Background</h1></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h1 id='2c1-1'>Background</h1></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>Dental caries is defined as demineralization of tooth enamel[1]. Because tooth enamel solubility is pH dependent[2], acid production in plaque area is believed to be crucial for caries development. In 1940, Stephan has discovered that the longer time pH value of oral cavity is below “critical pH 5.5”, the more susceptible tooth enamel is. Therefore, NYMU team plans to prevent tooth caries via eliminating S. mutans, the main cariogenic bacteria that produce most of the acid[3].</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>Dental caries is defined as demineralization of tooth enamel[1]. Because tooth enamel solubility is pH dependent[2], acid production in plaque area is believed to be crucial for caries development. In 1940, Stephan has discovered that the longer time pH value of oral cavity is below “critical pH 5.5”, the more susceptible tooth enamel is. Therefore, NYMU team plans to prevent tooth caries via eliminating S. mutans, the main cariogenic bacteria that produce most of the acid[3].</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>However, studies have shown that when S. mutans no longer adapts to the environment, or the amount of S. mutans decreased to an extent, other species will become dominant instead[4]. Thus, there is concern that if we kill S. mutans excessively, other bacteria population would grow, and cause caries or do other harm to the oral cavity. Due to the limitation of our lab, we cannot do experiment in vitro or in multi-species culture to verify the saying. We then use modelling, the competition model, to demonstrate the reason why we cannot kill all S. mutans, and find the optimize amount of S. mutans elimination to prevent caries without concerning other cariogenic bacteria.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>However, studies have shown that when S. mutans no longer adapts to the environment, or the amount of S. mutans decreased to an extent, other species will become dominant instead[4]. Thus, there is concern that if we kill S. mutans excessively, other bacteria population would grow, and cause caries or do other harm to the oral cavity. Due to the limitation of our lab, we cannot do experiment in vitro or in multi-species culture to verify the saying. We then use modelling, the competition model, to demonstrate the reason why we cannot kill all S. mutans, and find the optimize amount of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><i></ins>S. mutans<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></i> </ins>elimination to prevent caries without concerning other cariogenic bacteria.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In our competition model, we choose to use Lotka–Volterra competition model, which based on logistic equation, for it fits very well with our experimental data on S. mutans growth curve. We choose four species that can produce acid and occupy high proportion in our oral cavity as the subjects of modeling, which are S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. mitis[5], and Neisseria mucosa[6]. To validate our model more realistically and precisely, we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from a paper published in 2012, which samples from 36 human[7], to find out how bacteria compete in oral cavity. Moreover, we use experimental data from literature to know how populations shift effect oral pH value. Then we can find out the optimal S. mutans population that would maximize oral pH value, and therefore prevent caries from happening.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In our competition model, we choose to use Lotka–Volterra competition model, which based on logistic equation, for it fits very well with our experimental data on <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><i></ins>S. mutans<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></i> </ins>growth curve. We choose four species that can produce acid and occupy high proportion in our oral cavity as the subjects of modeling, which are S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. mitis[5], and Neisseria mucosa[6]. To validate our model more realistically and precisely, we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from a paper published in 2012, which samples from 36 human[7], to find out how bacteria compete in oral cavity. Moreover, we use experimental data from literature to know how populations shift effect oral pH value. Then we can find out the optimal S. mutans population that would maximize oral pH value, and therefore prevent caries from happening.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h1 id='2c1-2'>Models and mathematic equations</h1></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h1 id='2c1-2'>Models and mathematic equations</h1></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p class='noindent'><b>Competitive Lotka–Volterra equation</b> presents the competition between two or more species for limiting resources[8].</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p class='noindent'><b>Competitive Lotka–Volterra equation</b> presents the competition between two or more species for limiting resources[8].</p></div></td></tr>
</table>Nymuchanghttp://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&diff=353737&oldid=prevNymuchang at 21:02, 17 October 20142014-10-17T21:02:04Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To quantize and prove the saying of eliminating all S. mutans would lead to the rise of other bacteria via using mathematical model.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To quantize and prove the saying of eliminating all <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><i></ins>S. mutans<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></i> </ins>would lead to the rise of other bacteria via using mathematical model.</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To predict the change of pH and ecology in oral cavity after eliminating different amount of S. mutans.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To predict the change of pH and ecology in oral cavity after eliminating different amount of S. mutans.</li></div></td></tr>
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</table>Nymuchanghttp://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&diff=329048&oldid=prevYm10201002 at 15:44, 17 October 20142014-10-17T15:44:08Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-1'><p>Background</p></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-1'><p>Background</p></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-2'><p>Model</p></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-2'><p>Model</p></div></div></td></tr>
</table>Ym10201002http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&diff=329031&oldid=prevYm10201002 at 15:43, 17 October 20142014-10-17T15:43:44Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To quantize and prove the saying of eliminating all S. mutans would lead to the rise of other bacteria via using mathematical model.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To quantize and prove the saying of eliminating all S. mutans would lead to the rise of other bacteria via using mathematical model.</li></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-1'><p>Background</p></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-1'><p>Background</p></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-2'><p>Model</p></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-2'><p>Model</p></div></div></td></tr>
</table>Ym10201002http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&diff=328251&oldid=prevYm10201002 at 15:29, 17 October 20142014-10-17T15:29:26Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h>Competition model</h></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h>Competition model</h></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To quantize and prove the saying of eliminating all S. mutans would lead to the rise of other bacteria via using mathematical model.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li>To quantize and prove the saying of eliminating all S. mutans would lead to the rise of other bacteria via using mathematical model.</li></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-1'><p>Background</p></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-1'><p>Background</p></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-2'><p>Model</p></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <div href='#2c1-2'><p>Model</p></div></div></td></tr>
</table>Ym10201002http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&diff=326502&oldid=prevHiwang123 at 15:07, 17 October 20142014-10-17T15:07:57Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In figure 2, we can see that if we eliminating too many S. mutans, it would give rise to the S. sobrinus, which is also a species that has a great acid producing ability. In figure 3, in each different threshold, we can calculate the minimum pH level, and we can find out which threshold has the maximum minimum pH level, which represent less harm to our teeth.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In figure 2, we can see that if we eliminating too many S. mutans, it would give rise to the S. sobrinus, which is also a species that has a great acid producing ability. In figure 3, in each different threshold, we can calculate the minimum pH level, and we can find out which threshold has the maximum minimum pH level, which represent less harm to our teeth.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Lagarias, J.C., J. A. Reeds, M. H. Wright, and P. E. Wright, "Convergence Properties of the Nelder-Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions," SIAM Journal of Optimization, Vol. 9 Number 1, pp. 112-147, 1998.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Lagarias, J.C., J. A. Reeds, M. H. Wright, and P. E. Wright, "Convergence Properties of the Nelder-Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions," SIAM Journal of Optimization, Vol. 9 Number 1, pp. 112-147, 1998.</li></div></td></tr>
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</table>Hiwang123http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&diff=326468&oldid=prevHiwang123 at 15:07, 17 October 20142014-10-17T15:07:26Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h1 id='2c1-1'>Background</h1></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h1 id='2c1-1'>Background</h1></div></td></tr>
</table>Hiwang123http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:NYMU-Taipei/modeling/m2&diff=326383&oldid=prevHiwang123 at 15:06, 17 October 20142014-10-17T15:06:06Z<p></p>
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