Team:NCTU Formosa/project

From 2014.igem.org

(Difference between revisions)
(→Features of PBAN)
(→PBAN in nature)
Line 51: Line 51:
====PBAN in nature====
====PBAN in nature====
 +
In nature, female insects such as moths release PBAN during mating to stimulate the synthesis of pheromones in order to attract their male counterparts. PBAN can also facilitate the release of non-sex pheromones such as trail pheromones for ants.
====How are we going to use PBAN?====
====How are we going to use PBAN?====

Revision as of 09:59, 4 September 2014

Project

Change the font size right here

Contents

Overview

Impact of pest

In agriculture, insect problem has existed for a long time, and has been difficult to be solved, all of the agricultural products all over the world every year cause serious harm and damage caused by these insects bulky and difficult to estimate.

Losses caused by pests on crops included direct damage, drug costs and the labor costs, The most difficult to estimate the loss of pesticides on human health hazards caused by consuming a lot more medical resources.

We can see this a credible chart, insect damage recorded in Brazil region, pests generally reduce crop yields by 10 percent, which is each crop have reduced the value of hundreds of millions. Our goal is committed to reducing agricultural losses, safeguard human health, and to maintain ecological balance.

Figure 1.This figure demonstrates the loss caused by harmful insects in respect of various crops .


Pesticide hazards

Because of the hazard of insects, human beings to make a lot of ideas to kill these harmful insects. In 15th century,people used heavy metals to kill harmful insects,like Arsenic,Mercury and Plumbum, which cause a catastrophe to the environment. Pesticide become more powerful along with the technology. In 20th century,the agriculture develops rapidly just because of the evolution of pesticide. But the pesticide is not only harmful to the insects but also harmful to the human beings. People found this problem after several decades. The toxin of the pesticide will be kept in creatures by the food chain,and finally go into human's body. However,it's not too late to improve this situation. We can create an evolution of agriculture by a new method,and it is what we do!

Solution to both questions

In order to solve the pest need to use pesticides, but the use of pesticides will destroy the Earth and cause harm to humans. Thus there has been conflicting issues, and has been difficult to be solved. In order to solve the problems we mentioned, we came up with a practical, inexpensive way to solve. Figure,1 is a diagram of our device, after which we will mention how this device to bring better results for our plan and improve his efficiency.

Figure,1 Our Device

PBAN (Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide)

Introduction

PBAN is a peptide that will activate biosynthesis of pheromones. Once a PBAN binds with the G-protein coupled receptor on an insect’s pheromone gland, biosynthesis would be activated and pheromones will be synthesized and emitted.

Working mechanism of PBAN

Features of PBAN

1. PBAN is species-specific just like pheromones. A specific PBAN can only bind with a specific receptor and only stimulate the synthesis of a specific pheromone.

2. The coding sequence for a PBAN is usually around 100 basepairs. Thus, it is easy for E.coli to express. We can even combine several different PBAN sequences into one BioBrick assembly. (Check this out at our BioBrick page)

PBAN in nature

In nature, female insects such as moths release PBAN during mating to stimulate the synthesis of pheromones in order to attract their male counterparts. PBAN can also facilitate the release of non-sex pheromones such as trail pheromones for ants.

How are we going to use PBAN?

Figure 3. The light receptor cph8 is composed of cph1(pink) and envZ-ompR(maroon).

Design of blue light promoter

content

Reference
  1. part BBa_I15008;MIT Registry of Standard Biological Parts
  2. part BBa_I15009;MIT Registry of Standard Biological Parts
  3. Levskaya, A. et al .(2005). Engineering Escherichia coli to see light. Nature, 438(7067), 442.
  4. Kehoe DM, Grossman AR (1996) Similarity of a chromatic adaptation sensor to phytochrome and ethylene receptors. Science 273(5280):1409–1412
  5. Yeh KC, Wu SH, Murphy JT, Lagarias JC (1997) A cyanobacterial phytochrome two-component light sensory system. cience 277 (5331):1505–1508
  6. Dutta R, Qin L, Inouye M (1999) Histidine kinases: diversity of domain organization. Mol Microbiol 34(4):633–640
  7. Forst SA, Roberts DL (1994) Signal transduction by the EnvZ–OmpR phosphotransfer system in bacteria. Res Microbiol 45(5–6):363–373
  8. Thomas Drepper, Ulrich Krauss,Sonja Meyer zu Berstenhorst, Jörg Pietruszka, Karl-Erich Jaeger.(2011).Lights on and action! Controlling microbial gene expression by light. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 90:23–40 DOI:10.1007/s00253-011-3141-6

Biobrick Design

Figure.1

Figure.2

We searched the DNA sequence of the PBANs from moths on NCBI, then contrasted to the amino sequences from papers so that we can selected the DNA fragments which directly correspond to gland-stimulating function, By ligating Ribosome binding site(B0034) and PBAN DNA sequence, we were able to make E.coli directly produce these PBANs instead of the original complex process of PBAN biosynthesis in insects. We had gotten nine kinds of PBANs,each of which is from one kind of moth ,after we constructed the PBAN biobricks, the B0034+BFP+J61048 biobrick was ligated behind the PBAN biobrick in order to model each PBAN biobrick respectively in the future and make observing the production of PBANs more convenient for us.




Reference
  1. Torsten Waldminghaus, Nadja Heidrich, Sabine Brantl and Franz Narberhaus .(2007). FourU: a novel type of RNA thermometer in Salmonella . Molecular Microbiology , 65(2): 413–424 DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05794.x
  2. part BBa_K115002;TUDelft Registry of Standard Biological Parts

Device

Introduction

Mechanism

Design

Reference
  1. Xu, S.; Montgomery, M.; Kostas, S.; Driver, S.; Mello, C. (1998). "Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature 391 (6669): 806–811 DOI:10.1038/35888
  2. Jörg Vogel , Ben F. Luisi.(2011). Hfq and its constellation of RNA. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 9:578-589
  3. E.K. Jocelyn, S.G. Elliott , T.K. Stephen, "Lewin's Genes X.-10th ed.", Jones & Bartlett, Sudbury, MA, 2011.
  4. Karen M. Wassarman.(2002). "Small RNAs in Bacteria: Diverse Regulators of Gene Expression in Response to Environmental Changes". Cell, 109:141–144
  5. Hongmarn Park, Geunu Bak, Sun Chang Kim & Younghoon Lee.(2013). "Exploring sRNA-mediated gene silencing mechanisms using artificial small RNAs derived from a natural RNA scaffold in Escherichia coli ". Nucleic Acids Research,Vol. 41, No. 6, 3787-3804 DOI:10.1093
  6. Vandana Sharma, Asami Yamamura & Yohei Yokobayashi.(2011). "Engineering Artificial Small RNAs for Conditional Gene Silencing in E. coli". ACS Synthetic Biology


Cover image credit: DVQ

Retrieved from "http://2014.igem.org/Team:NCTU_Formosa/project"