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Team:Imperial/Mechanical Testing - Revision history
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Revision history for this page on the wiki
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Mf1512 at 02:47, 18 October 2014
2014-10-18T02:47:41Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Quantified the tensile stress-strain properties of our bacterial cellulose.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Quantified the tensile stress-strain properties of our bacterial cellulose.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Established the feasibility of using </del>bacterial cellulose <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">as a customisable ultrafiltration membrane with </del>water pressures <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of 75 bar within a conservative safety margin</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Discovered that our </ins>bacterial cellulose <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">can sustain an order of magnitude higher </ins>water pressures <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">than those typically used for ultrafiltration membranes</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Discovered </del>that non-blended compared to blended bacterial cellulose was significantly more ductile, and would have longer life time as a water filter, which informed the choice of cellulose for the final product.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Established </ins>that non-blended compared to blended bacterial cellulose was significantly more ductile, and would have longer life time as a water filter, which informed the choice of cellulose for the final product.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Tested and analysed 20 samples of bacterial cellulose test pieces.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Tested and analysed 20 samples of bacterial cellulose test pieces.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Created a size and quality optimised gif for visualisation of the experiment and written protocol for future iGEM teams to do the same.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Created a size and quality optimised gif for visualisation of the experiment and written <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>protocol for future iGEM teams to do the same.</div></td></tr>
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Mf1512
http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial/Mechanical_Testing&diff=387456&oldid=prev
HChughtai at 02:15, 18 October 2014
2014-10-18T02:15:10Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <section id="discussion"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <section id="discussion"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h2>Discussion</h2></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h2>Discussion</h2></div></td></tr>
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HChughtai
http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial/Mechanical_Testing&diff=387300&oldid=prev
HChughtai at 02:13, 18 October 2014
2014-10-18T02:13:48Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <figcaption>Table 1</figcaption></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <figcaption>Table 1</figcaption></div></td></tr>
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HChughtai
http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial/Mechanical_Testing&diff=387013&oldid=prev
HChughtai at 02:11, 18 October 2014
2014-10-18T02:11:04Z
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<a href="http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial/Mechanical_Testing&diff=387013&oldid=316782">Show changes</a>
HChughtai
http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial/Mechanical_Testing&diff=316782&oldid=prev
HChughtai at 11:40, 17 October 2014
2014-10-17T11:40:49Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/03/IC14-MechTest-9.png"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/03/IC14-MechTest-9.png"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <figcaption>Figure 9: Tensile Stress Average of Blended Cellulose </figcaption></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <figcaption>Figure 9: Tensile Stress Average of Blended Cellulose </figcaption></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/eb/IC14-MechTest-9.5.png"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <figcaption>Figure 10: Mechanical Properties of Blended vs. Non-Blended Cellulose </figcaption></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/IC14-MechTest-10.png"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/IC14-MechTest-10.png"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <figcaption>Figure <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10</del>: Average Tensile Stress of Blended and Non-Blended Cellulose</figcaption></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <figcaption>Figure <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">11</ins>: Average Tensile Stress of Blended and Non-Blended Cellulose</figcaption></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </figure></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </figure></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>The results of the mechanical tests of blended BC and non-blended BC are shown in table 1. The corresponding measurement data are shown in figure 3 and 4. As shown in table 1, the E, and of non-blended BC was 1.52 MPa, 30 MPa and 35%, respectively. 9 samples were tested to account for variability in cellulose samples produced as graphed in figure 5. The tensile stress is equal within standard deviation to that of 34 MPa found by (Chen 2009), indicating literature levels of tensile strength of the material produced. </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>The results of the mechanical tests of blended BC and non-blended BC are shown in table 1. The corresponding measurement data are shown in figure 3 and 4. As shown in table 1, the E, and of non-blended BC was 1.52 MPa, 30 MPa and 35%, respectively. 9 samples were tested to account for variability in cellulose samples produced as graphed in figure 5. The tensile stress is equal within standard deviation to that of 34 MPa found by (Chen 2009), indicating literature levels of tensile strength of the material produced. </p></div></td></tr>
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HChughtai
http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial/Mechanical_Testing&diff=302122&oldid=prev
HChughtai at 04:02, 17 October 2014
2014-10-17T04:02:15Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Established the feasibility of using bacterial cellulose as a customisable ultrafiltration membrane with water pressures of 75 bar within a conservative safety margin.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Established the feasibility of using bacterial cellulose as a customisable ultrafiltration membrane with water pressures of 75 bar within a conservative safety margin.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Discovered that non-blended compared to blended bacterial cellulose was significantly more ductile, and would have longer life time as water filter, which informed the choice of cellulose for the final product.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Discovered that non-blended compared to blended bacterial cellulose was significantly more ductile, and would have longer life time as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>water filter, which informed the choice of cellulose for the final product.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Tested and analysed 20 samples of bacterial cellulose test pieces.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li>Tested and analysed 20 samples of bacterial cellulose test pieces.</div></td></tr>
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HChughtai
http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial/Mechanical_Testing&diff=302049&oldid=prev
HChughtai at 04:00, 17 October 2014
2014-10-17T04:00:10Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <section id="references"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <section id="references"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h2>References</h2></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h2>References</h2></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ol</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ul</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del><li></li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins><li><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Anon, ISO 527-3 official guidelines. Available at: http://211.67.52.20:8088/xitong/BZ\9524171.pdf [Accessed October 12, 2014].</ins></li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del><li></li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Anon, Von Mises Stress. Available at: http://www.continuummechanics.org/cm/vonmisesstress.html [Accessed October 12, 2014].</ins></li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del><li></li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Cheng, K.-C., Catchmark, J.M. & Demirci, A., 2009. Effect of different additives on bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum and analysis of material property. Cellulose, 16(6), pp.1033–1045. Available at: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-72849151190&partnerID=tZOtx3y1 [Accessed September 12, 2014].</ins></li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del><li></li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Con-Serv Water, Operation and Maintenance Manual. Available at: [http://www.con-servwater.com/uploads/CON-SERV_6_GPM_UF_SYSTEM_OPERATING_MANUAL_7-28-11_Rev.pdf] [Accessed October 12, 2014].</ins></li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del><li></li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><li><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Jajuee, B. et al., 2006. Measurements and CFD simulations of gas holdup and liquid velocity in novel airlift membrane contactor. AIChE Journal, 52(12), pp.4079–4089. Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/aic.11010 [Accessed October 16, 2014].</li></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><li>Keshk, S., 2006. Physical properties of bacterial cellulose sheets produced in presence of lignosulfonate. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40(1), pp.9–12. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141022906004078 [Accessed October 13, 2014].</li></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><li>Shezad, O. et al., 2010. Physicochemical and mechanical characterization of bacterial cellulose produced with an excellent productivity in static conditions using a simple fed-batch cultivation strategy. Carbohydrate Polymers, 82(1), pp.173–180. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861710003334 [Accessed October 12, 2014].</li></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><li>Tischer, P.C.S.F. et al., 2010. Nanostructural reorganization of bacterial cellulose by ultrasonic treatment. Biomacromolecules, 11(5), pp.1217–24. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm901383a [Accessed October 17, 2014].</ins></li></div></td></tr>
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HChughtai
http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial/Mechanical_Testing&diff=301706&oldid=prev
Mf1512 at 03:47, 17 October 2014
2014-10-17T03:47:50Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>- Dr. Chipps (Principal Research Scientist at Thames Water) </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>- Dr. Chipps (Principal Research Scientist at Thames Water) </p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>The most accessible method of finding an answer to Dr. Chipps’ questions is to asses the quality of our material by pulling a test piece until it breaks, a tensile test. The quality of our bacterial cellulose will determine the water pressure that can be applied to it in when used as a customisable ultrafiltration membrane. Since the water pressure is a major limiting factor of the flow rates produced in such a setting, a key step to establishing the feasibility of our project is to perform a tensile test. </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>The most accessible method of finding an answer to Dr. Chipps’ questions is to asses the quality of our material by pulling a test piece until it breaks, a tensile test. The quality of our bacterial cellulose will determine the water pressure that can be applied to it in when used as a customisable ultrafiltration membrane. Since the water pressure is a major limiting factor of the flow rates produced in such a setting, a key step to establishing the feasibility of our project is to perform a tensile test. </p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>Tensile testing of bacterial cellulose is a common way of characterising and comparing its mechanical properties (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sherif </del>2006, Cheng 2009, Shezad 2010) and provides an indication of the orientation of the fibres in the bacterial cellulose pellicle. Another advantage is that for a polycrystalline material like bacterial cellulose grown in static media, the shear stress, directly related to hydrostatic water pressure, can be interpolated based on Von Mises Criterion.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>Tensile testing of bacterial cellulose is a common way of characterising and comparing its mechanical properties (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Khesk </ins>2006, Cheng 2009, Shezad 2010) and provides an indication of the orientation of the fibres in the bacterial cellulose pellicle. Another advantage is that for a polycrystalline material like bacterial cellulose grown in static media, the shear stress, directly related to hydrostatic water pressure, can be interpolated based on Von Mises Criterion.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>Therefore, we contacted Dr. Angelo Karunaratne of the Royal British Legion Centre of Blast Injury Studies at Imperial College, requesting access to test samples in an Instron 5866 materials testing machine (Instron Inc., Norwood, USA). For this test our aim was to calculate the young’s modulus, ultimate tensile stress, yield stress and strain at failure. </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p>Therefore, we contacted Dr. Angelo Karunaratne of the Royal British Legion Centre of Blast Injury Studies at Imperial College, requesting access to test samples in an Instron 5866 materials testing machine (Instron Inc., Norwood, USA). For this test our aim was to calculate the young’s modulus, ultimate tensile stress, yield stress and strain at failure. </p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h2>Discussion</h2></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h2>Discussion</h2></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>What is the maximum water pressure that can be applied? </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>What is the maximum water pressure that can be applied? </p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>For the cellulose tested with an ultimate tensile stress of 30 MPa and a yield stress of 27 MPa, it is possible to estimate the maximum pressure that our bacterial cellulose filter can sustain by calculating the maximum shear stress (τ). Based on the work of (Jajuee 2006) on membrane filtration, it can be assume that shear stress is the most considerable force acting on the customised cellulose membrane. Combining this with the assumption that non-blended bacterial cellulose is ductile due to being polycrystalline (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Cristina </del>2010), as can be seen in the gif of figure 3 and by the large plastic region shown in figure 7, the Von Mises Criterion can be used to calculate the shear stress. This relates shear stress to yield stress by: σ=√3 τ.Hence, the maximum shear stress is 15.5 MPa. Now, a safety factor of 2 would ensure safe usage of the cellulose membrane, thus a shear stress of half the theoretical maximum shear stress i.e. 7.5 MPa is the advisable working shear stress. This correlates to a hydrostatic pressure of 75 bar, which more than suffices for the pressure ranges of 0.3-3 bar used in ultrafiltration membranes (Reclamation Fact Sheet)</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>For the cellulose tested with an ultimate tensile stress of 30 MPa and a yield stress of 27 MPa, it is possible to estimate the maximum pressure that our bacterial cellulose filter can sustain by calculating the maximum shear stress (τ). Based on the work of (Jajuee 2006) on membrane filtration, it can be assume that shear stress is the most considerable force acting on the customised cellulose membrane. Combining this with the assumption that non-blended bacterial cellulose is ductile due to being polycrystalline (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tischer </ins>2010), as can be seen in the gif of figure 3 and by the large plastic region shown in figure 7, the Von Mises Criterion can be used to calculate the shear stress. This relates shear stress to yield stress by: σ=√3 τ.Hence, the maximum shear stress is 15.5 MPa. Now, a safety factor of 2 would ensure safe usage of the cellulose membrane, thus a shear stress of half the theoretical maximum shear stress i.e. 7.5 MPa is the advisable working shear stress. This correlates to a hydrostatic pressure of 75 bar, which more than suffices for the pressure ranges of 0.3-3 bar used in ultrafiltration membranes (Reclamation Fact Sheet)</p></div></td></tr>
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Mf1512
http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial/Mechanical_Testing&diff=301149&oldid=prev
HChughtai at 03:28, 17 October 2014
2014-10-17T03:28:00Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <section id="appendix"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <section id="appendix"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h2>Appendix</h2></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h2>Appendix</h2></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Raw and processed data included for future iGEM teams to use as template for data processing.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Raw and processed data included for future iGEM teams to use as template for data processing<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: <a href="https://static</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/82/IC14-Mechanical_Properties_Tensile.xls">IC14-Mechanical_Properties_Tensile.xls</a></ins></p></div></td></tr>
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HChughtai
http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial/Mechanical_Testing&diff=300630&oldid=prev
HChughtai at 03:11, 17 October 2014
2014-10-17T03:11:35Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li><a data-scroll href="#limitations" >Limitations</a></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li><a data-scroll href="#limitations" >Limitations</a></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del><li><a data-scroll href="#manufacturing" >Manufacturing Relevance</a></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins><li><a data-scroll href="#manufacturing">Manufacturing Relevance</a></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li><a data-scroll href="#appendix" >Appendix</a></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <li><a data-scroll href="#appendix" >Appendix</a></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h2>Results</h2></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <h2>Results</h2></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <figure class="content-image image-right "></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><figure class="content-image"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/15/IC14-MechTest-6.png"></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <figcaption>Figure 6: Tensile Stress-Strain Graph of Bacterial Cellulose </figcaption></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </figure></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <figure class="content-image image-right "></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4b/IC14-MechTest-7.png"></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <figcaption>Figure 7: Average Tensile Stress-Strain Graph of Bacterial Cellulose</figcaption></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </figure></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <figure class="content-image image-right "></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9b/IC14-MechTest-8.png"></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <figcaption>Figure 8: Tensile Stress-Strain Graph of Blended Bacterial Cellulose </figcaption></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <figure class="content-image image-right "></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/03/IC14-MechTest-9.png"></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <figcaption>Figure 9: Tensile Stress Average of Blended Cellulose </figcaption></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </figure></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><figure class="content-image image-right "></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/IC14-MechTest-10.png"></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <figcaption>Figure 10: Average Tensile Stress of Blended and Non-Blended Cellulose</figcaption></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </figure></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> <p>The results of the mechanical tests of blended BC and non-blended BC are shown in table 1. The corresponding measurement data are shown in figure 3 and 4. As shown in table 1, the E, and of non-blended BC was 1.52 MPa, 30 MPa and 35%, respectively. 9 samples were tested to account for variability in cellulose samples produced as graphed in figure 5. The tensile stress is equal within standard deviation to that of 34 MPa found by (Chen 2009), indicating literature levels of tensile strength of the material produced. </p></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>As shown in table 1, the yield stress of blended cellulose is 178 MPa higher than that of non-blended cellulose whilst the strain at break was 4% for blended compared to 21% for non-blended cellulose. This indicates that blended cellulose is more brittle than non-blended, making non-blended cellulose a more promising candidate for water filtration. This is because brittle materials are more prone to fatigue-crack propagation (Ritchie 1998) when exposed to cyclic loading characteristic to the use of ultrafiltration membranes, giving brittle materials a shorter expected life time. </p></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del><figure class="content-image"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <table class="tg image-full"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <table class="tg image-full"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 189:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 164:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <figcaption>Table 1</figcaption></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <figcaption>Table 1</figcaption></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </figure></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </figure></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <figure class="content-image image-right "></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/15/IC14-MechTest-6.png"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <figcaption>Figure 6: Tensile Stress-Strain Graph of Bacterial Cellulose </figcaption></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </figure></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <figure class="content-image image-right "></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4b/IC14-MechTest-7.png"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <figcaption>Figure 7: Average Tensile Stress-Strain Graph of Bacterial Cellulose</figcaption></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </figure></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <figure class="content-image image-right "></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9b/IC14-MechTest-8.png"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <figcaption>Figure 8: Tensile Stress-Strain Graph of Blended Bacterial Cellulose </figcaption></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </figure></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <figure class="content-image image-right "></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/03/IC14-MechTest-9.png"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <figcaption>Figure 9: Tensile Stress Average of Blended Cellulose </figcaption></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </figure></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><figure class="content-image image-right "></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <img class="image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/IC14-MechTest-10.png"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <figcaption>Figure 10: Average Tensile Stress of Blended and Non-Blended Cellulose</figcaption></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </figure></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <p>The results of the mechanical tests of blended BC and non-blended BC are shown in table 1. The corresponding measurement data are shown in figure 3 and 4. As shown in table 1, the E, and of non-blended BC was 1.52 MPa, 30 MPa and 35%, respectively. 9 samples were tested to account for variability in cellulose samples produced as graphed in figure 5. The tensile stress is equal within standard deviation to that of 34 MPa found by (Chen 2009), indicating literature levels of tensile strength of the material produced. </p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><p>As shown in table 1, the yield stress of blended cellulose is 178 MPa higher than that of non-blended cellulose whilst the strain at break was 4% for blended compared to 21% for non-blended cellulose. This indicates that blended cellulose is more brittle than non-blended, making non-blended cellulose a more promising candidate for water filtration. This is because brittle materials are more prone to fatigue-crack propagation (Ritchie 1998) when exposed to cyclic loading characteristic to the use of ultrafiltration membranes, giving brittle materials a shorter expected life time. </p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
</table>
HChughtai