Materials

LB medium

Preparation of antibiotics stock (1000x)

SOC

According to QIAGEN DNA protocols and applications

Transformation buffer 1 (TFB1)

According to QIAGEN DNA protocols and applications

Transformation buffer 2 (TFB2)

According to QIAGEN DNA protocols and applications

Gibson Assembly reaction mixture

5x isothermal reaction buffer

Aliquots can be stored at -20 °C

Assembly master mixture

Aliquots of 15 μL can be stored at -20 °C

Methods

Preparation of competent E. coli

Day before: Preparation of a Top10 cells preculture in LB-medium containing streptomycin (25 μg/mL)

1. Addition of 1 mL overnight preculture to 100 mL LB-medium + streptomycin (25 μg/mL)
2. Cultivate culture at 37 °C, 220 rpm until it reaches an OD600 of 0.5
3. Cool culture for 5 min on ice and centrifuge it for 5 min at 4 °C, 4000 g
4. Discard the supernatant and resuspend the cells in cold TFB1 buffer (30 mL, 4 °C)
5. Keep the suspension on ice for 90 min
6. Centrifuge the suspension for 5 min at 4 °C, 4000 g and discard the supernatant
7. Resuspend the cells in 4 mL cold TFB2 buffer
8. Make aliquots of 100 μL and freeze the aliquots in dry ice in ethanol
9. Store aliquots at -80 °C

According to QIAGEN DNA protocols and applications

Preparation of DNA from iGEM kit

1. Add 10 μL H₂O to appropriate well, wait for 5 min, transfer into sterile tube
2. Use 2 μL to transform competent cells

Biological parts used from iGEM kit:

For confirmation all plasmids used from the iGEM kit were sequenced

Transformation of competent E. coli

1. Thaw the competent cells on ice
2. Add 1 μL DNA (0.2 - 200 ng) to 50-100 μL competent cells
3. Leave sample on ice for approximately 20 min
4. Heat shock the cells for 90 s at 42 °C
5. Add 500 μL of SOC to the sample
6. Let the cells recover for 60 min at 37 °C, 220 rpm
7. Plate appropriate amount of cell suspension (50 - 200 μL) on LB-agar-plates containing the appropriate antibiotic
8. Let bacteria grow overnight at 37 °C

According to QIAGEN DNA protocols and applications

Plasmid preparation

Day before: Preparation of a preculture in LB-medium containing the appropriate antibiotics. The amount of cell culture required for plasmid preparation depends on the copy number of the plasmid (between 5 and 20 mL)

1. Centrifuge the preculture in appropriate tubes for 10 min at 4000 g
2. Carefully remove the supernatant
3. Resuspend pellet in 200 μL resuspension solution
4. Add 200 μL lysis solution and invert the tube gently 1 to 2 times
5. Lysis should not exceed 5 min
6. Add 350 μL neutralization solution and invert the tube 4 to 6 times
7. Centrifuge the suspension for 10 min at 12 000 rcf
8. Prepare the columns by adding 500 μL of column preparation solution and centrifuging it for 1 min at 12 000 rcf. Discard the flow-through
9. Transfer the supernatant of the centrifuged samples onto columns
10. Spin for 1 min at 12 000 rcf and subsequently discard the flow-through
11. Add 750 μL wash solution and spin the loaded column for 1 min at 12 000 rcf. Discard the flow-through
12. Dry the columns by centrifuging them for 1 min at 12 000 rcf
13. Place columns in new collection tubes
14. Elute the plasmid DNA with 50 μL ddH₂O to increase the plasmid concentration

The Sigma-Aldrich GenElute™ Plasmid Miniprep Kit was used

Preparation of samples for sequencing at Microsynth

Add 12 μL DNA (60-100 ng/μL) to 3 μL of the corresponding primer (10 μM).

PCR procol for phusion DNA polymerase

Restriction Endonuclease Reaction (double digestion)

Enzymes, buffers and protocol are from New England BioLabs

Dephosphorylation of 5’-ends of DNA using CIP

Add 1 unit of CIP for every 1 pmol of DNA ends (about 1 μg of a 3 kb plasmid) and incubate at 37 °C for 30–60 min.

Enzymes, buffers and protocol are from New England BioLabs

DNA Purification by Centrifugation

A. Dissolving the Gel Slice

Following electrophoresis, excise DNA band from gel and place gel slice in a 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube. Add 10 µl Membrane Binding Solution per 10 mg of gel slice. Vortex and incubate at 50–65 °C until gel slice is completely dissolved.

or

B. Processing PCR Amplifications

Add an equal volume of Membrane Binding Solution to the PCR mix.

1. Insert SV Minicolumn into Collection Tube.
2. Transfer dissolved gel mixture or prepared PCR product to the Minicolumn assembly. Incubate at room temperature for 1 min.
3. Centrifuge at 16 000 rcf for 1 min. Discard flowthrough and reinsert Minicolumn into Collection Tube.
4. Add 700 µL Membrane Wash Solution (ethanol added). Centrifuge at 16 000 rcf for 1 min. Discard flowthrough and reinsert Minicolumn into Collection Tube.
5. Repeat the step before with 500 µL Membrane Wash Solution. Centrifuge at 16 000 rcf for 5 min.
6. Empty the Collection Tube and recentrifuge the column assembly for 1 min with the microcentrifuge lid off to allow evaporation of any residual ethanol.
7. Carefully transfer Minicolumn to a clean 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube.
8. Add 50 µL of Nuclease-Free Water to the Minicolumn. Incubate at room temperature for 1 min. Centrifuge at 16 000 rcf for 1 min.
9. Discard Minicolumn and store DNA at 4 °C or –20 °C.

According to Promega Wizard SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System, Quick protocol

Agarose gel electrophoresis

1. For a 5 cm x 6 cm gel add 0.25 g Agarose to 25 mL TAE (0.5x) and heat up in microwave to dissolve it
2. Let the solution cool down to approximately 50 °C
3. Add nucleic acid dye (e.g. 2.5 μL peqGREEN) and mix
4. Pour the solution in a tray using an appropriate comb
5. Add loading dye (e.g. NEB purple loading dye) to the samples
6. Fill the samples and ladder in the wells
7. Run the gel at 135 V

Preparation of cryostocks

1. Cultivate bacteria (37 °C) in medium with antibiotic (e.g. 5 mL LB, 5 μL amp + 500 μL preculture) until they are in log phase (OD=0.8-1.2)
2. Add 750 μL sterile glycerol (30%) to 750 μL bacteria culture in a screw top tube
3. Freeze the glycerol stock tube at -80 °C

Site-directed mutagenesis

1. Run PCR
2. Digestion of template DNA: Addition of 1 μL DpnI, 1h at 37 °C
3. Heat inactivation of DpnI: 20 min at 80 °C

Protocol based on QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis

Gibson Assembly

One-step isothermal DNA assembly protocol: the exonuclease amount is ideal for the assembly of DNA molecules with 20–150 bp overlaps

1. Mix the backbone and PCR fragments in 5 µL total volume in equimolar amounts
2. Thaw the Gibson assembly reaction mixture on ice
3. Add DNA mixture (5 µL) to the reaction mixture (15 µL)
4. Run the reaction for 30-60 min at 50 °C
5. Subsequently the reaction mixture (5 uL are enough) can be used directly to transform competent cells (75 uL)

Multi site directed mutagenesis

Preparation of alginate beads

1. Harvest bacteria in exponential phase (OD between 1.5 and 2.0)
2. Centrifuge the culture for 10 min at 4000 rcf
3. Resuspend and dilute the pellet in sterile NaCl solution (0.9%)
4. Add bacteria-NaCl-suspension to sterile alginate (2.5%) so as to reach an alginate concentration of 2%
5. Fill the suspension into a sterile syringe

blablabla

1 bead: approximatly 14.5 µl alginate-NaCl

Devices

NanoDrop 2000, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

Our NanoDrop spectrophotometer

A Thermo Scientific NanoDrop® 2000 spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentrations of our plasmids after miniprep.

This microvolume spectrophotometer can be used to measure the concentration and purity of DNA, RNA or protein samples. Having a wide spectral range (190-840nm) allows for measuring a variety of samples types such as peptides, DNA, RNA, purified protein and even gold nanoparticles. Even for highly concentrated samples no dilutions are required. Results are obtained in less than 15 seconds from sample pipetting to wiping the pedestal clean. For the measurement only 0.5 – 2uL of the samples are needed. The software with an intuitive user interface allows for classical NanoDrop applications such as nucleic acids, protein A280, colorimetric assays and new user defined custom methods.

Please visit the NanoDrop webpage for more information.

Tecan Infinite M200 Pro™

For performing fluorescence measurements we used a Tecan Infinite M200 ProTM equipped with the Tecan iControl TM software. The Infinite 200 PRO is a user-friendly and affordable multimode reader, designed to cater for the needs of today’s applications. Based on the highly successful Infinite 200 series of microplate reader, the Infinite 200 PRO can provide a full range of leading detection methods in one easy-to-use modular instrument, with either Quad4 monochromator™ or filter-based technologies. Users can select the desired modules to create the perfect reader for their needs, with the option to upgrade as requirements change. The Infinite 200 PRO offers excellent sensitivity, multiplexing capabilities and high format flexibility, including 6- to 384-well microplates, PCR plates, cuvettes and Tecan’s patentedNanoQuant Plate™ for low sample volumes.

• For uncompromised performance in all detection modes, the Infinite 200 PRO uses advanced optics and high-performance detectors, optimized for the requirements of fluorescence, luminescence and absorbance reading. The Infinite 200 PRO offers a wide range of detection modes, including:
• Fluorescence intensity (top and bottom reading) (UV – NIR & wavelength scanning)
• Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)
• Time resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) like HTRF®
• Time resolved fluorescence (TRF)
• Fluorescence polarization (FP)
• Flash luminescence
• Glow luminescence
• Dual-color luminescence (including BRET 1 & BRET 2 applications)
• Absorbance (UV – NIR & wavelength scanning)
• AlphaScreen® and AlphaLISA® technology
• Injectors system for up to two reagents
• Temperature control
• Small sample measurement in NanoQuant Plate

Tecan Infinite M200 Pro™

Please visit the Tecan webpage for more information.

Tecan iControl™ software

Our Tecan is equipped with i-control, the easy-to-use microplate reader software. It allows the user to define the workflow for each application. Each workflow is easily created by dragging and dropping the processing steps into a sequence according to the assay protocol. The application workflow is then visible to the user and can be saved for future use. Data are easily managed and exported to Windows® compatible formats (Excel®). Intuitive Easy set up of workflows via drag & drop Workflows are visible to the user Workflows may be saved as measurement scripts On-line data presentation in Excel® Graphical definition of measurement range Plate definition editor Enhanced data management Export of data into user-defined Excel® templates Flexible User sets up the workflow to suit his own application Multilabel measurements for multiplexed assays Different kinds of kinetic measurements Supports ratio mode also for well kinetic measurements

Please visit the Tecan software webpage for more information.

Novaspec Plus™ Visible Spectrophotometer

Novaspec™ Plus Visible Spectrophotometer is ideal for general biotech laboratory use. There are stored methods for the standard colorimetric methods of Bradford, BCA, Biuret and Lowry in addition to the basic modes of absorbance, transmittance,OD600 and concentration measurements. The use of diode array technology permits rapid wavelength scans to be made as well and, as there are no moving parts, make for a highly reliable and low maintenance product (Fig 1). The large backlit display enables the graphical results for wavelength scans, kinetics assays (including slope calculation for rate/activity studies) and standard curves to be viewed (Fig 2).Up to 99 methods for such experiments can be stored for instant recall and use by a laboratory assistant. Novaspec Plusis delivered with Grafico, a PC utility software package, and the requisite serial lead, providing the user with the means to capture, print and store data from the instrument (with a time/date stamp) onto a PC so that a results log can be built up or data exported to Microsoft™ Excel.

The cell holder supplied with Novaspec Plus accepts standard 10-mm pathlength glass or plastic cells (adapters are availableto convert it to accept 10-, 12- and 16-mm diameter test tubes).It can be removed for cleaning, or flushed through with water in situ, if spillages occur. For users who require thermostatting, particularly for kineticsstudies and use with test kits, a special version of Novaspec Plus is available with a factory fitted heated cell holder (37 °C only);note that this cell holder cannot be added retrospectively.

Features:

• “Flash Scan” diode array
• Stored protein methods
• Bacterial cell culture measurement at OD600
• Kinetics for activity studies
• Stored methods

Please visit the Novaspec™ Plus Visible Spectrophotometer webpage for more information.

Novaspec Plus™ Visible Spectrophotometer

Biostep Dark-Hood DH-50™ and the Argus-X1™ software

Pictures of our gels, long term imaging of our chips with beads containing GFP-expressing cells and pictures of our plates with bacterial colonies were recorded with the DH-50™ and the Argus-X1™ software.

Dark Hood DH-50 with control panel, display, sliding table, UV protection, for CCD camera stationary dark hood with large door sliding table to put on a transilluminator incl. UV protection shield – no additional protection necessary dimmable white top-light by LEDs automatic UV cut-off when opening the UV protection shield preparative function enables observation of gels under UV light control panel with keypad and LCD display

Functionality: transilluminator: on/off white top-light: on/off, dim function preparative function optionally available: control of zoom, aperture and focus by motor zoom objective optionally available: storage of application methods repeatable

• transilluminators with dimensions (W x D x H): 32.5x32.2x10.5cm; corresponds to the series of biostep UST, USDT, UXFT, BST, GST, YST, RST, WST

optionally upgradeable with UV protection shield, filter wheel, white transmission light, UV or epi light in the visible range

Please visit the Biostep Dark-Hood DH-50™ webpage for more information.

Biostep Dark-Hood DH-50™

Biostep argusX1™ basic licence

PC-software for controlling the camera basic modules Felix 1000/2000, 5000/6000/7000 and the transmission scanners of the series ViewPix 900/1300

Attention: Imperatively necessary: module for controlling the camera or scanner!!!

General software functions: integrated database for administration of the images copying and cropping of single images or group images within a database or even between database to database if the additional module Project administration exists deletion of single images or group images functions for image processing incl. Undo rotating in arbitrary angles and around 90°, 180° reflecting in horizontal and vertical direction inverting cropping various filter functions marking of the images with text, rectangle and line automated generation and numeration of sample names after the acquisition memo function: input of a note for each image and printout of the same on a protocol history for documentation of the acquisition parameters for each image overexposure control data export into other Windows applications data import of images in different formats creation of individual print reports quick print selection of the export format, export path, print report for quick print selection of the user language: German, English, Spanish, French or Italian control of the functions a of biostep transilluminators with PC interface

Please visit the Biostep argusX1™ basic licence webpage for more information.

Eppendorf Centrifuge 5810 R

Centrifuge 5810/5810 R is a workhorse for medium to high-throughput laboratories. It combines extraordinary versatility and capacity for both tubes and plates with an extraordinary compact footprint. With the new rotor generation the capacity of Centrifuge 5810/ 5810 R increases to max. 4 x 750 mL (or max. 28 x 50 mL / 56 x 15 mL). Considering its small footprint, Centrifuge 5810/5810 R is the most compact 3 liter centrifuge currently available in the market.

Features: Swing-bucket rotors and adapters accommodate tubes and bottles from 0.2 mL to 750 mL Plate rotors for centrifugation of all types of MTP, PCR, cell culture, or deepwell plates Fixed-angle rotors for high-speed molecular biology applications in tubes from 0.2 mL to 85 mL High centrifugation speed of up to 20,913 x g (14,000 rpm) Aerosol-tight Eppendorf QuickLock® caps and lids for easy, one-hand operation Centrifuge lid with soft-touch lid closure Low access height of 29 cm for easy loading and unloading of samples Quiet operation to improve your work environment Compact footprint saves valuable bench space Automatic rotor recognition and imbalance detection for maximum operational safety Additional features of refrigerated Centrifuge 5810 R: Temperature range from -9 °C to 40 °C FastTemp function for fast pre-cooling Standby cooling function holds temperature when centrifuge is not in use ECO shut-off engages after 8 hours of non-use to reduce energy consumption and to extend compressor life Dynamic compressor control (DCC) technology for optimized cooling performance

Please visit the Eppendorf Centrifuge 5810 R webpage for more information.