http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/SarahNielsen&feed=atom&limit=50&target=SarahNielsen&year=&month=2014.igem.org - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T09:26:39ZFrom 2014.igem.orgMediaWiki 1.16.5http://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour43Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour432014-10-18T03:26:07Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Fatty acids</h3><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:400px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/53/2014SDUfattyacids2.png" title="Fish normaly provides a great amount of essential fatty acids."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/92/2014SDUfattyacids1.png" style="width:400px" /><br />
Fish normaly provides a great amount of essential fatty acids.<br />
</a><br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We wanted to clone</span> ∆9, ∆12 & ∆15 fatty acid desaturases into separate plasmids by the use of USER<br />
cloning. We wanted to use USER cloning to save some time and to ease the cloning process. Ahead of this <br />
cloning, we needed the desaturases separately.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We tried running several USER PCRs</span> on ∆9 desaturase iGEM part but all were unsuccessful.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We received the ∆12 desaturase (FAT-2)</span> which originated from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. We ran a PCR which was successful. Thus we cloned it into a PSB1C3 plasmid and it can now be found in parts registry under <br />
<a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475002" target="_blank">BBa_K1475002</a>. Afterwards we tried running USER PCR on FAT-2 which was unsuccesful.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We tried to run a colony PCR</span> on the bacterium <i>Synechocystis sp.</i> PCC6803, with Phusion polymerase, in order for us to get the ∆15<br />
desaturase. Unfortunately, this was unsuccessful.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">After several failed attempts</span> to run USER PCRs, we realized that we needed to prioritize and continue<br />
without cloning ∆9, ∆12 & ∆15 into the separate plasmids, with the use of USER cloning.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour43Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour432014-10-18T03:25:53Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Fatty acids</h3><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:400px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/53/2014SDUfattyacids2.png" title="Fish normaly provides a great amount of essential fatty acids."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/92/2014SDUfattyacids1.png" style="width:400px" /><br />
Fish normaly provides a great amount of essential fatty acids<br />
</a><br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We wanted to clone</span> ∆9, ∆12 & ∆15 fatty acid desaturases into separate plasmids by the use of USER<br />
cloning. We wanted to use USER cloning to save some time and to ease the cloning process. Ahead of this <br />
cloning, we needed the desaturases separately.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We tried running several USER PCRs</span> on ∆9 desaturase iGEM part but all were unsuccessful.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We received the ∆12 desaturase (FAT-2)</span> which originated from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. We ran a PCR which was successful. Thus we cloned it into a PSB1C3 plasmid and it can now be found in parts registry under <br />
<a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475002" target="_blank">BBa_K1475002</a>. Afterwards we tried running USER PCR on FAT-2 which was unsuccesful.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We tried to run a colony PCR</span> on the bacterium <i>Synechocystis sp.</i> PCC6803, with Phusion polymerase, in order for us to get the ∆15<br />
desaturase. Unfortunately, this was unsuccessful.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">After several failed attempts</span> to run USER PCRs, we realized that we needed to prioritize and continue<br />
without cloning ∆9, ∆12 & ∆15 into the separate plasmids, with the use of USER cloning.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour43Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour432014-10-18T03:25:35Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Fatty acids</h3><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/53/2014SDUfattyacids2.png" title="Fish normaly provides a great amount of essential fatty acids."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/92/2014SDUfattyacids1.png" style="width:300px" /><br />
Fish normaly provides a great amount of essential fatty acids<br />
</a><br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We wanted to clone</span> ∆9, ∆12 & ∆15 fatty acid desaturases into separate plasmids by the use of USER<br />
cloning. We wanted to use USER cloning to save some time and to ease the cloning process. Ahead of this <br />
cloning, we needed the desaturases separately.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We tried running several USER PCRs</span> on ∆9 desaturase iGEM part but all were unsuccessful.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We received the ∆12 desaturase (FAT-2)</span> which originated from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. We ran a PCR which was successful. Thus we cloned it into a PSB1C3 plasmid and it can now be found in parts registry under <br />
<a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475002" target="_blank">BBa_K1475002</a>. Afterwards we tried running USER PCR on FAT-2 which was unsuccesful.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We tried to run a colony PCR</span> on the bacterium <i>Synechocystis sp.</i> PCC6803, with Phusion polymerase, in order for us to get the ∆15<br />
desaturase. Unfortunately, this was unsuccessful.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">After several failed attempts</span> to run USER PCRs, we realized that we needed to prioritize and continue<br />
without cloning ∆9, ∆12 & ∆15 into the separate plasmids, with the use of USER cloning.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/File:2014SDUfattyacids2.pngFile:2014SDUfattyacids2.png2014-10-18T03:22:42Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/File:2014SDUfattyacids1.pngFile:2014SDUfattyacids1.png2014-10-18T03:22:29Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour40Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour402014-10-18T03:19:43Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Results</h3><br />
<br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing." – <b>Socrates</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The next few pages will</span> guide you through the results of the characterization of our submitted parts. On this page, you will find short descriptions of our results, leading you to the final result. We hope you will dig deeper into the results of our systems. After the need to prioritize subprojects, the aim of our project was to get <i>E. coli</i> to express a self-designed nutritional protein, controlled by an inducible promoter. Furthermore it will express limonene synthase for the synthesis of limonene, the main part of lemon flavor.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Synthesis of self-designed protein OneProt</h4><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:400px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/2014SDUWestern_blot_with_GroL.jpg" style="width:400px" /><br />
Figure 1: Western blot showing that the expression of OneProt can be detected. <br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">OneProt is a self-designed</span> protein containing the correct ratio of essential amino acids and the correct ratio between the essential and non-essential amino acids. Because the protein is self-designed, we wanted to detect if the protein was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 and if it stresses the cells and affects their growth. In order to test if the protein is expressed, we made a Western blot, taking advance of the FLAG-tag on OneProt. The Western blot shows that the protein is expressed; however, we cannot tell if the protein has been cut by proteases or not. <br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" title="Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. <br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">To test if the expression</span> of the protein stresses the cells metabolism, we measured OD on <i>E. coli</i> expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. The growth curve illustrates that the metabolism of the cell is stressed compared to that of the wild-type, however, the protein is expressed throughout the growth of <i>E. coli</i>.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Even though we now</span> know that OneProt is expressed and that <i>E. coli</i> continues to grow, we want to make sure that the protein is not toxic upon digestion. In for us to do so, we fed <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 containing an empty vector and a vector expressing OneProt on separate plates. To stress C. elegans, and thereby making it more sensitive, we used heat chock assay and stressed the organisms even more after 5 hours. The results are clear: after 7 hours of heat chock, all <i>C.elegans</i> were alive and thus we conclude that the OneProt has no toxic effects. <br><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:300px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bc/2014SDUresults10.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt.<br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Controlling the Tet promoter</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/2014SDUresults5.png" title="Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/19/2014SDUresults6.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b0/2014SDUresults3.png" title="Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e6/2014SDUresults4.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In order for us to</span> be able to control the amount of OneProt produced, we need a promoter that can be controlled. For this, we put OneProt under expressional control by pTet. Besides investigating the controllable expression, we also investigated the influence of the LVA tag on TetR. We proved that the inhibition of pTet by TetR is correlated with the concentration of inducer – increasing amounts of inducer means decreasing levels of inhibition of pTet. Comparing the expression by pTet controlled by TetR with and without LVA tag shows that there is a higher expression upon induction, using TetR with LVA than using TetR without LVA. We also show that the pTet is leaky.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
<div><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" title="Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline.<br />
</a><br><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h4>Flavor improvement</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The thought of eating <i>E. coli</i></span> does not sound that delicious – and that is why we want our OneProt to taste like lemon. Though the cloning proved unsuccessful. However, we have characterised an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> strain and compared it with a wild type K12 MG1655 <i>E. coli</i> strain. We have used Ion Mobility Spectroscopy to analyse the two strains, since we deemed it among the best methods to analyse odors. From the results it was shown that the odor-free strain does not produce indole, which is the compound responsible for the characteristic odor of <i>E. coli</i>. <br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Added parts and devices</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To the great iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts</span> we have added 3 basic parts, 2 regulatory devices, 1 constitutively active production device and 4 regulable production devices.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour40Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour402014-10-18T03:16:11Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Results</h3><br />
<br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing." – <b>Socrates</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The next few pages will</span> guide you through the results of the characterization of our submitted parts. On this page, you will find short descriptions of our results, leading you to the final result. We hope you will dig deeper into the results of our systems. After the need to prioritize subprojects, the aim of our project was to get <i>E. coli</i> to express a self-designed nutritional protein, controlled by an inducible promoter. Furthermore it will express limonene synthase for the synthesis of limonene, the main part of lemon flavor.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Synthesis of self-designed protein OneProt</h4><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:400px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/2014SDUWestern_blot_with_GroL.jpg" style="width:400px" /><br />
Figure 1: Western blot showing that the expression of OneProt can be detected. <br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
OneProt is a self-designed protein containing the correct ratio of essential amino acids and the correct ratio between the essential and non-essential amino acids. Because the protein is self-designed, we wanted to detect if the protein was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 and if it stresses the cells and affects their growth. In order to test if the protein is expressed, we made a Western blot, taking advance of the FLAG-tag on OneProt. The Western blot shows that the protein is expressed; however, we cannot tell if the protein has been cut by proteases or not. <br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" title="Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. <br />
</a><br />
<br />
To test if the expression of the protein stresses the cells metabolism, we measured OD on <i>E. coli</i> expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. The growth curve illustrates that the metabolism of the cell is stressed compared to that of the wild-type, however, the protein is expressed throughout the growth of <i>E. coli</i>.<br><br><br />
<br />
Even though we now know that OneProt is expressed and that <i>E. coli</i> continues to grow, we want to make sure that the protein is not toxic upon digestion. In for us to do so, we fed <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 containing an empty vector and a vector expressing OneProt on separate plates. To stress C. elegans, and thereby making it more sensitive, we used heat chock assay and stressed the organisms even more after 5 hours. The results are clear: after 7 hours of heat chock, all <i>C.elegans</i> were alive and thus we conclude that the OneProt has no toxic effects. <br><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:300px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bc/2014SDUresults10.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt.<br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Controlling the Tet promoter</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/2014SDUresults5.png" title="Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/19/2014SDUresults6.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b0/2014SDUresults3.png" title="Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e6/2014SDUresults4.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In order for us to</span> be able to control the amount of OneProt produced, we need a promoter that can be controlled. For this, we put OneProt under expressional control by pTet. Besides investigating the controllable expression, we also investigated the influence of the LVA tag on TetR. We proved that the inhibition of pTet by TetR is correlated with the concentration of inducer – increasing amounts of inducer means decreasing levels of inhibition of pTet. Comparing the expression by pTet controlled by TetR with and without LVA tag shows that there is a higher expression upon induction, using TetR with LVA than using TetR without LVA. We also show that the pTet is leaky.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
<div><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" title="Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline.<br />
</a><br><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h4>Flavor improvement</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The thought of eating <i>E. coli</i></span> does not sound that delicious – and that is why we want our OneProt to taste like lemon. Though the cloning proved unsuccessful. However, we have characterised an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> strain and compared it with a wild type K12 MG1655 <i>E. coli</i> strain. We have used Ion Mobility Spectroscopy to analyse the two strains, since we deemed it among the best methods to analyse odors. From the results it was shown that the odor-free strain does not produce indole, which is the compound responsible for the characteristic odor of <i>E. coli</i>. <br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Added parts and devices</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To the great iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts</span> we have added 3 basic parts, 2 regulatory devices, 1 constitutively active production device and 4 regulable production devices.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour40Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour402014-10-18T03:15:35Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Results</h3><br />
<br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing." – <b>Socrates</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The next few pages will</span> guide you through the results of the characterization of our submitted parts. On this page, you will find short descriptions of our results, leading you to the final result. We hope you will dig deeper into the results of our systems. After the need to prioritize subprojects, the aim of our project was to get <i>E. coli</i> to express a self-designed nutritional protein, controlled by an inducible promoter. Furthermore it will express limonene synthase for the synthesis of limonene, the main part of lemon flavor.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Synthesis of self-designed protein OneProt</h4><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/2014SDUWestern_blot_with_GroL.jpg" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 1: Western blot showing that the expression of OneProt can be detected. <br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
OneProt is a self-designed protein containing the correct ratio of essential amino acids and the correct ratio between the essential and non-essential amino acids. Because the protein is self-designed, we wanted to detect if the protein was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 and if it stresses the cells and affects their growth. In order to test if the protein is expressed, we made a Western blot, taking advance of the FLAG-tag on OneProt. The Western blot shows that the protein is expressed; however, we cannot tell if the protein has been cut by proteases or not. <br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" title="Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. <br />
</a><br />
<br />
To test if the expression of the protein stresses the cells metabolism, we measured OD on <i>E. coli</i> expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. The growth curve illustrates that the metabolism of the cell is stressed compared to that of the wild-type, however, the protein is expressed throughout the growth of <i>E. coli</i>.<br><br><br />
<br />
Even though we now know that OneProt is expressed and that <i>E. coli</i> continues to grow, we want to make sure that the protein is not toxic upon digestion. In for us to do so, we fed <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 containing an empty vector and a vector expressing OneProt on separate plates. To stress C. elegans, and thereby making it more sensitive, we used heat chock assay and stressed the organisms even more after 5 hours. The results are clear: after 7 hours of heat chock, all <i>C.elegans</i> were alive and thus we conclude that the OneProt has no toxic effects. <br><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:300px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bc/2014SDUresults10.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt.<br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Controlling the Tet promoter</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/2014SDUresults5.png" title="Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/19/2014SDUresults6.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b0/2014SDUresults3.png" title="Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e6/2014SDUresults4.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In order for us to</span> be able to control the amount of OneProt produced, we need a promoter that can be controlled. For this, we put OneProt under expressional control by pTet. Besides investigating the controllable expression, we also investigated the influence of the LVA tag on TetR. We proved that the inhibition of pTet by TetR is correlated with the concentration of inducer – increasing amounts of inducer means decreasing levels of inhibition of pTet. Comparing the expression by pTet controlled by TetR with and without LVA tag shows that there is a higher expression upon induction, using TetR with LVA than using TetR without LVA. We also show that the pTet is leaky.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
<div><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" title="Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline.<br />
</a><br><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h4>Flavor improvement</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The thought of eating <i>E. coli</i></span> does not sound that delicious – and that is why we want our OneProt to taste like lemon. Though the cloning proved unsuccessful. However, we have characterised an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> strain and compared it with a wild type K12 MG1655 <i>E. coli</i> strain. We have used Ion Mobility Spectroscopy to analyse the two strains, since we deemed it among the best methods to analyse odors. From the results it was shown that the odor-free strain does not produce indole, which is the compound responsible for the characteristic odor of <i>E. coli</i>. <br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Added parts and devices</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To the great iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts</span> we have added 3 basic parts, 2 regulatory devices, 1 constitutively active production device and 4 regulable production devices.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour40Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour402014-10-18T03:15:10Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Results</h3><br />
<br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing." – <b>Socrates</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The next few pages will</span> guide you through the results of the characterization of our submitted parts. On this page, you will find short descriptions of our results, leading you to the final result. We hope you will dig deeper into the results of our systems. After the need to prioritize subprojects, the aim of our project was to get <i>E. coli</i> to express a self-designed nutritional protein, controlled by an inducible promoter. Furthermore it will express limonene synthase for the synthesis of limonene, the main part of lemon flavor.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Synthesis of self-designed protein OneProt</h4><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/2014SDUWestern_blot_with_GroL.jpg" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 1: Western blot showing that the expression of OneProt can be detected. <br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
OneProt is a self-designed protein containing the correct ratio of essential amino acids and the correct ratio between the essential and non-essential amino acids. Because the protein is self-designed, we wanted to detect if the protein was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 and if it stresses the cells and affects their growth. In order to test if the protein is expressed, we made a Western blot, taking advance of the FLAG-tag on OneProt. The Western blot shows that the protein is expressed; however, we cannot tell if the protein has been cut by proteases or not. <br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" title="Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. <br />
</a><br />
<br />
To test if the expression of the protein stresses the cells metabolism, we measured OD on <i>E. coli</i> expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. The growth curve illustrates that the metabolism of the cell is stressed compared to that of the wild-type, however, the protein is expressed throughout the growth of <i>E. coli</i>.<br><br><br />
<br />
Even though we now know that OneProt is expressed and that <i>E. coli</i> continues to grow, we want to make sure that the protein is not toxic upon digestion. In for us to do so, we fed <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 containing an empty vector and a vector expressing OneProt on separate plates. To stress C. elegans, and thereby making it more sensitive, we used heat chock assay and stressed the organisms even more after 5 hours. The results are clear: after 7 hours of heat chock, all <i>C.elegans</i> were alive and thus we conclude that the OneProt has no toxic effects. <br><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:300px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bc/2014SDUresults10.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt.<br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Controlling the Tet promoter</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/2014SDUresults5.png" title="Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/19/2014SDUresults6.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b0/2014SDUresults3.png" title="Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e6/2014SDUresults4.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In order for us to</span> be able to control the amount of OneProt produced, we need a promoter that can be controlled. For this, we put OneProt under expressional control by pTet. Besides investigating the controllable expression, we also investigated the influence of the LVA tag on TetR. We proved that the inhibition of pTet by TetR is correlated with the concentration of inducer – increasing amounts of inducer means decreasing levels of inhibition of pTet. Comparing the expression by pTet controlled by TetR with and without LVA tag shows that there is a higher expression upon induction, using TetR with LVA than using TetR without LVA. We also show that the pTet is leaky.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
<div><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" title="Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline.<br />
</a><br><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h4>Flavor improvement</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The thought of eating <i>E. coli</i></span> does not sound that delicious – and that is why we want our OneProt to taste like lemon. Though the cloning proved unsuccessful. However, we have characterised an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> strain and compared it with a wild type K12 MG1655 <i>E. coli</i> strain. We have used Ion Mobility Spectroscopy to analyse the two strains, since we deemed it among the best methods to analyse odors. From the results it was shown that the odor-free strain does not produce indole, which is the compound responsible for the characteristic odor of <i>E. coli</i>. <br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Added parts and devices</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To the great iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts</span> we have added 3 basic parts, 2 regulatory devices, 1 constitutively active production device and 4 regulable production devices.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour40Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour402014-10-18T03:14:51Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Results</h3><br />
<br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing." – <b>Socrates</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The next few pages will</span> guide you through the results of the characterization of our submitted parts. On this page, you will find short descriptions of our results, leading you to the final result. We hope you will dig deeper into the results of our systems. After the need to prioritize subprojects, the aim of our project was to get <i>E. coli</i> to express a self-designed nutritional protein, controlled by an inducible promoter. Furthermore it will express limonene synthase for the synthesis of limonene, the main part of lemon flavor.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Synthesis of self-designed protein OneProt</h4><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/2014SDUWestern_blot_with_GroL.jpg" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 1: Western blot showing that the expression of OneProt can be detected. <br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
OneProt is a self-designed protein containing the correct ratio of essential amino acids and the correct ratio between the essential and non-essential amino acids. Because the protein is self-designed, we wanted to detect if the protein was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 and if it stresses the cells and affects their growth. In order to test if the protein is expressed, we made a Western blot, taking advance of the FLAG-tag on OneProt. The Western blot shows that the protein is expressed; however, we cannot tell if the protein has been cut by proteases or not. <br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" title="Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. <br />
</a><br />
<br />
To test if the expression of the protein stresses the cells metabolism, we measured OD on <i>E. coli</i> expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. The growth curve illustrates that the metabolism of the cell is stressed compared to that of the wild-type, however, the protein is expressed throughout the growth of <i>E. coli</i>.<br><br><br />
<br />
Even though we now know that OneProt is expressed and that <i>E. coli</i> continues to grow, we want to make sure that the protein is not toxic upon digestion. In for us to do so, we fed <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 containing an empty vector and a vector expressing OneProt on separate plates. To stress C. elegans, and thereby making it more sensitive, we used heat chock assay and stressed the organisms even more after 5 hours. The results are clear: after 7 hours of heat chock, all <i>C.elegans</i> were alive and thus we conclude that the OneProt has no toxic effects. <br><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:300px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bc/2014SDUresults10.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Controlling the Tet promoter</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/2014SDUresults5.png" title="Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/19/2014SDUresults6.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b0/2014SDUresults3.png" title="Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e6/2014SDUresults4.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In order for us to</span> be able to control the amount of OneProt produced, we need a promoter that can be controlled. For this, we put OneProt under expressional control by pTet. Besides investigating the controllable expression, we also investigated the influence of the LVA tag on TetR. We proved that the inhibition of pTet by TetR is correlated with the concentration of inducer – increasing amounts of inducer means decreasing levels of inhibition of pTet. Comparing the expression by pTet controlled by TetR with and without LVA tag shows that there is a higher expression upon induction, using TetR with LVA than using TetR without LVA. We also show that the pTet is leaky.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
<div><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" title="Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline.<br />
</a><br><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h4>Flavor improvement</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The thought of eating <i>E. coli</i></span> does not sound that delicious – and that is why we want our OneProt to taste like lemon. Though the cloning proved unsuccessful. However, we have characterised an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> strain and compared it with a wild type K12 MG1655 <i>E. coli</i> strain. We have used Ion Mobility Spectroscopy to analyse the two strains, since we deemed it among the best methods to analyse odors. From the results it was shown that the odor-free strain does not produce indole, which is the compound responsible for the characteristic odor of <i>E. coli</i>. <br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Added parts and devices</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To the great iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts</span> we have added 3 basic parts, 2 regulatory devices, 1 constitutively active production device and 4 regulable production devices.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour40Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour402014-10-18T03:14:01Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Results</h3><br />
<br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing." – <b>Socrates</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The next few pages will</span> guide you through the results of the characterization of our submitted parts. On this page, you will find short descriptions of our results, leading you to the final result. We hope you will dig deeper into the results of our systems. After the need to prioritize subprojects, the aim of our project was to get <i>E. coli</i> to express a self-designed nutritional protein, controlled by an inducible promoter. Furthermore it will express limonene synthase for the synthesis of limonene, the main part of lemon flavor.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Synthesis of self-designed protein OneProt</h4><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/2014SDUWestern_blot_with_GroL.jpg" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 1: Western blot showing that the expression of OneProt can be detected. <br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
OneProt is a self-designed protein containing the correct ratio of essential amino acids and the correct ratio between the essential and non-essential amino acids. Because the protein is self-designed, we wanted to detect if the protein was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 and if it stresses the cells and affects their growth. In order to test if the protein is expressed, we made a Western blot, taking advance of the FLAG-tag on OneProt. The Western blot shows that the protein is expressed; however, we cannot tell if the protein has been cut by proteases or not. <br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" title="Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. <br />
</a><br />
<br />
To test if the expression of the protein stresses the cells metabolism, we measured OD on <i>E. coli</i> expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. The growth curve illustrates that the metabolism of the cell is stressed compared to that of the wild-type, however, the protein is expressed throughout the growth of <i>E. coli</i>.<br><br><br />
<br />
Even though we now know that OneProt is expressed and that <i>E. coli</i> continues to grow, we want to make sure that the protein is not toxic upon digestion. In for us to do so, we fed <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 containing an empty vector and a vector expressing OneProt on separate plates. To stress C. elegans, and thereby making it more sensitive, we used heat chock assay and stressed the organisms even more after 5 hours. The results are clear: after 7 hours of heat chock, all <i>C.elegans</i> were alive and thus we conclude that the OneProt has no toxic effects. <br><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:300px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bc/2014SDUresults10.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Controlling the Tet promoter</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/2014SDUresults5.png" title="Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/19/2014SDUresults6.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b0/2014SDUresults3.png" title="Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e6/2014SDUresults4.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In order for us to</span> be able to control the amount of OneProt produced, we need a promoter that can be controlled. For this, we put OneProt under expressional control by pTet. Besides investigating the controllable expression, we also investigated the influence of the LVA tag on TetR. We proved that the inhibition of pTet by TetR is correlated with the concentration of inducer – increasing amounts of inducer means decreasing levels of inhibition of pTet. Comparing the expression by pTet controlled by TetR with and without LVA tag shows that there is a higher expression upon induction, using TetR with LVA than using TetR without LVA. We also show that the pTet is leaky.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
<div><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" title="Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline.<br />
</a><br><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h4>Flavor improvement</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The thought of eating <i>E. coli</i></span> does not sound that delicious – and that is why we want our OneProt to taste like lemon. Though the cloning proved unsuccessful. However, we have characterised an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> strain and compared it with a wild type K12 MG1655 <i>E. coli</i> strain. We have used Ion Mobility Spectroscopy to analyse the two strains, since we deemed it among the best methods to analyse odors. From the results it was shown that the odor-free strain does not produce indole, which is the compound responsible for the characteristic odor of <i>E. coli</i>. <br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Added parts and devices</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To the great iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts</span> we have added 3 basic parts, 2 regulatory devices, 1 constitutively active production device and 4 regulable production devices.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour40Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour402014-10-18T03:13:36Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Results</h3><br />
<br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing." – <b>Socrates</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The next few pages will</span> guide you through the results of the characterization of our submitted parts. On this page, you will find short descriptions of our results, leading you to the final result. We hope you will dig deeper into the results of our systems. After the need to prioritize subprojects, the aim of our project was to get <i>E. coli</i> to express a self-designed nutritional protein, controlled by an inducible promoter. Furthermore it will express limonene synthase for the synthesis of limonene, the main part of lemon flavor.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Synthesis of self-designed protein OneProt</h4><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/2014SDUWestern_blot_with_GroL.jpg" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 1: Western blot showing that the expression of OneProt can be detected. <br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
OneProt is a self-designed protein containing the correct ratio of essential amino acids and the correct ratio between the essential and non-essential amino acids. Because the protein is self-designed, we wanted to detect if the protein was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 and if it stresses the cells and affects their growth. In order to test if the protein is expressed, we made a Western blot, taking advance of the FLAG-tag on OneProt. The Western blot shows that the protein is expressed; however, we cannot tell if the protein has been cut by proteases or not. <br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:250px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" title="Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" style="width:250px" /><br />
Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. <br />
</a><br />
<br />
To test if the expression of the protein stresses the cells metabolism, we measured OD on <i>E. coli</i> expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. The growth curve illustrates that the metabolism of the cell is stressed compared to that of the wild-type, however, the protein is expressed throughout the growth of <i>E. coli</i>.<br><br><br />
<br />
Even though we now know that OneProt is expressed and that <i>E. coli</i> continues to grow, we want to make sure that the protein is not toxic upon digestion. In for us to do so, we fed <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 containing an empty vector and a vector expressing OneProt on separate plates. To stress C. elegans, and thereby making it more sensitive, we used heat chock assay and stressed the organisms even more after 5 hours. The results are clear: after 7 hours of heat chock, all <i>C.elegans</i> were alive and thus we conclude that the OneProt has no toxic effects. <br><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:300px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bc/2014SDUresults10.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Controlling the Tet promoter</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/2014SDUresults5.png" title="Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/19/2014SDUresults6.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b0/2014SDUresults3.png" title="Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e6/2014SDUresults4.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In order for us to</span> be able to control the amount of OneProt produced, we need a promoter that can be controlled. For this, we put OneProt under expressional control by pTet. Besides investigating the controllable expression, we also investigated the influence of the LVA tag on TetR. We proved that the inhibition of pTet by TetR is correlated with the concentration of inducer – increasing amounts of inducer means decreasing levels of inhibition of pTet. Comparing the expression by pTet controlled by TetR with and without LVA tag shows that there is a higher expression upon induction, using TetR with LVA than using TetR without LVA. We also show that the pTet is leaky.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
<div><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" title="Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline.<br />
</a><br><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h4>Flavor improvement</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The thought of eating <i>E. coli</i></span> does not sound that delicious – and that is why we want our OneProt to taste like lemon. Though the cloning proved unsuccessful. However, we have characterised an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> strain and compared it with a wild type K12 MG1655 <i>E. coli</i> strain. We have used Ion Mobility Spectroscopy to analyse the two strains, since we deemed it among the best methods to analyse odors. From the results it was shown that the odor-free strain does not produce indole, which is the compound responsible for the characteristic odor of <i>E. coli</i>. <br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Added parts and devices</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To the great iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts</span> we have added 3 basic parts, 2 regulatory devices, 1 constitutively active production device and 4 regulable production devices.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour40Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour402014-10-18T03:13:10Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Results</h3><br />
<br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing." – <b>Socrates</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The next few pages will</span> guide you through the results of the characterization of our submitted parts. On this page, you will find short descriptions of our results, leading you to the final result. We hope you will dig deeper into the results of our systems. After the need to prioritize subprojects, the aim of our project was to get <i>E. coli</i> to express a self-designed nutritional protein, controlled by an inducible promoter. Furthermore it will express limonene synthase for the synthesis of limonene, the main part of lemon flavor.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Synthesis of self-designed protein OneProt</h4><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/2014SDUWestern_blot_with_GroL.jpg" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 1: Western blot showing that the expression of OneProt can be detected. <br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
OneProt is a self-designed protein containing the correct ratio of essential amino acids and the correct ratio between the essential and non-essential amino acids. Because the protein is self-designed, we wanted to detect if the protein was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 and if it stresses the cells and affects their growth. In order to test if the protein is expressed, we made a Western blot, taking advance of the FLAG-tag on OneProt. The Western blot shows that the protein is expressed; however, we cannot tell if the protein has been cut by proteases or not. <br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:250px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" title="Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" style="width:250px" /><br />
Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. <br />
</a><br />
<br />
To test if the expression of the protein stresses the cells metabolism, we measured OD on <i>E. coli</i> expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. The growth curve illustrates that the metabolism of the cell is stressed compared to that of the wild-type, however, the protein is expressed throughout the growth of <i>E. coli</i>.<br><br><br />
<br />
Even though we now know that OneProt is expressed and that <i>E. coli</i> continues to grow, we want to make sure that the protein is not toxic upon digestion. In for us to do so, we fed <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 containing an empty vector and a vector expressing OneProt on separate plates. To stress C. elegans, and thereby making it more sensitive, we used heat chock assay and stressed the organisms even more after 5 hours. The results are clear: after 7 hours of heat chock, all <i>C.elegans</i> were alive and thus we conclude that the OneProt has no toxic effects. <br><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:300px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bc/2014SDUresults10.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Controlling the Tet promoter</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/2014SDUresults5.png" title="Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/19/2014SDUresults6.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b0/2014SDUresults3.png" title="Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e6/2014SDUresults4.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In order for us to</span> be able to control the amount of OneProt produced, we need a promoter that can be controlled. For this, we put OneProt under expressional control by pTet. Besides investigating the controllable expression, we also investigated the influence of the LVA tag on TetR. We proved that the inhibition of pTet by TetR is correlated with the concentration of inducer – increasing amounts of inducer means decreasing levels of inhibition of pTet. Comparing the expression by pTet controlled by TetR with and without LVA tag shows that there is a higher expression upon induction, using TetR with LVA than using TetR without LVA. We also show that the pTet is leaky.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
<div><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" title="Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline.<br />
</a><br><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h4>Flavor improvement</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The thought of eating <i>E. coli</i></span> does not sound that delicious – and that is why we want our OneProt to taste like lemon. Though the cloning proved unsuccessful. However, we have characterised an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> strain and compared it with a wild type K12 MG1655 <i>E. coli</i> strain. We have used Ion Mobility Spectroscopy to analyse the two strains, since we deemed it among the best methods to analyse odors. From the results it was shown that the odor-free strain does not produce indole, which is the compound responsible for the characteristic odor of <i>E. coli</i>. <br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Added parts and devices</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To the great iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts</span> we have added 3 basic parts, 2 regulatory devices, 1 constitutively active production device and 4 regulable production devices.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour40Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour402014-10-18T03:12:42Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Results</h3><br />
<br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing." – <b>Socrates</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<p><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The next few pages will</span> guide you through the results of the characterization of our submitted parts. On this page, you will find short descriptions of our results, leading you to the final result. We hope you will dig deeper into the results of our systems. After the need to prioritize subprojects, the aim of our project was to get <i>E. coli</i> to express a self-designed nutritional protein, controlled by an inducible promoter. Furthermore it will express limonene synthase for the synthesis of limonene, the main part of lemon flavor.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Synthesis of self-designed protein OneProt</h4><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4e/2014SDUWestern_blot_with_GroL.jpg" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 1: Western blot showing that the expression of OneProt can be detected. <br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
OneProt is a self-designed protein containing the correct ratio of essential amino acids and the correct ratio between the essential and non-essential amino acids. Because the protein is self-designed, we wanted to detect if the protein was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 and if it stresses the cells and affects their growth. In order to test if the protein is expressed, we made a Western blot, taking advance of the FLAG-tag on OneProt. The Western blot shows that the protein is expressed; however, we cannot tell if the protein has been cut by proteases or not. <br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:250px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" title="Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bf/2014SDUGrowth_-_WT%2C_YYC912%2C_Oneprot%2C_Empty_vector.png" style="width:250px" /><br />
Figure 2: Growth curve illustrating the growth of <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. <br />
</a><br />
<br />
To test if the expression of the protein stresses the cells metabolism, we measured OD on <i>E. coli</i> expressing OneProt using a wild-type as control. The growth curve illustrates that the metabolism of the cell is stressed compared to that of the wild-type, however, the protein is expressed throughout the growth of <i>E. coli</i>.<br><br><br />
<br />
Even though we now know that OneProt is expressed and that <i>E. coli</i> continues to grow, we want to make sure that the protein is not toxic upon digestion. In for us to do so, we fed <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 containing an empty vector and a vector expressing OneProt on separate plates. To stress C. elegans, and thereby making it more sensitive, we used heat chock assay and stressed the organisms even more after 5 hours. The results are clear: after 7 hours of heat chock, all <i>C.elegans</i> were alive and thus we conclude that the OneProt has no toxic effects. <br><br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:400px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt. "><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bc/2014SDUresults10.jpg" style="width:400px" /><br />
Figure 3: <i>C.elegans</i> fed with <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 expressing OneProt.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Controlling the Tet promoter</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/4f/2014SDUresults5.png" title="Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/19/2014SDUresults6.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 2: Plate containing 200 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:200px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b0/2014SDUresults3.png" title="Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA)."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e6/2014SDUresults4.png" style="width:200px" /><br />
Figure 1: Plate containing 0 ng/mL doxycycline plated with <i>E. coli</i> WT and <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by a constitutive promoter, pTet-TeR(+LVA) and pTet-TetR(no LVA).<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In order for us to</span> be able to control the amount of OneProt produced, we need a promoter that can be controlled. For this, we put OneProt under expressional control by pTet. Besides investigating the controllable expression, we also investigated the influence of the LVA tag on TetR. We proved that the inhibition of pTet by TetR is correlated with the concentration of inducer – increasing amounts of inducer means decreasing levels of inhibition of pTet. Comparing the expression by pTet controlled by TetR with and without LVA tag shows that there is a higher expression upon induction, using TetR with LVA than using TetR without LVA. We also show that the pTet is leaky.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
<div><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" title="Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/12/2014SDUresults2.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 3: Dose response to doxycycline.<br />
</a><br><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h4>Flavor improvement</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The thought of eating <i>E. coli</i></span> does not sound that delicious – and that is why we want our OneProt to taste like lemon. Though the cloning proved unsuccessful. However, we have characterised an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> strain and compared it with a wild type K12 MG1655 <i>E. coli</i> strain. We have used Ion Mobility Spectroscopy to analyse the two strains, since we deemed it among the best methods to analyse odors. From the results it was shown that the odor-free strain does not produce indole, which is the compound responsible for the characteristic odor of <i>E. coli</i>. <br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Added parts and devices</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To the great iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts</span> we have added 3 basic parts, 2 regulatory devices, 1 constitutively active production device and 4 regulable production devices.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour51Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour512014-10-18T03:00:23Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3> An expert opinion </h3><br />
<br><br />
<h4>Outreach in Ghana</h4><br />
<p><br />
<div class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:450px"><br />
<table><br />
<tr><br />
<td><p><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Facts about Ghana</font></b></p></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Geographic location:</font></b></td><br />
<td>Coastal country of West Africa</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Population:</font></b></td><br />
<td><span class="sourceReference"> 25,366,000</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: WHO African region: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countries/gha/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Population under 15 years:</font></b></td><br />
<td><span class="sourceReference">38.59 %</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Nutritional status of children:</font></b></td><br />
<td>28% are stunted, 9% wasted and 14% <span class="sourceReference"> underweight.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Diet:</font></b></td><br />
<td>Starchy roots, fruit and edible <span class="sourceReference"> grains.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Coverage needs (micronutrients and vitamins):</font></b></td><br />
<td>Primarily iodine and <span class="sourceReference"> vitamin A.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Causes of mortality:</font></b></td><br />
<td>Bad access to health services, safe water and sanitation. High incidence of Malaria. <span class="sourceReference"> Malnutrition.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">When generating nutrition made of bacteria</span> our team pointed it's contribution to the considerable task of<br />
providing accurate nutrient to developing countries. The contradiction between a common opinion of how <br />
food is produced and finding a solution to obtaining food in the future has been a key issue to our <br />
project. Furthermore, the ethical and social aspects to our project are decisive to include.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This means that we have considered</span> what good research is. Good research includes the common opinion<br />
in society, and for this reason outreach in Ghana provided us with different standpoints to our <br />
project.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Interview with Dr. Yaa Difie-Osei:</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:320px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/22/2014SDUghana1.PNG" title="Dr. Yaa Difie-Osie from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/22/2014SDUghana1.PNG" style="width:320px" /><br />
Dr. Yaa Difie-Osie from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry,</span> Dr. Yaa Difie-Osei (Dr. Yaa), agreed to meet with our team member Anne, <br />
during her stay in the capital of Ghana, Accra, in August. The purpose was to talk about GMOs in relation <br />
to our Edible coli. The interview was held at the Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology <br />
at the University of Ghana in Legon. Dr. Yaa has previously worked at the university herself but is now retired <br />
from her position as lecturer. Dr. Yaa is still involved in <br />
the development of synthetic biology in Ghana as a member of the National Biosafety Committee of Ghana. <br />
The fact that Dr. Yaa has much experience regarding synthetic biology and at the same time is a member of <br />
the National Biosafety Committee makes her expertise significant to our project.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">When Dr. Yaa heard about</span> our iGEM project she expressed great interest and there was a clear <br />
understanding and acknowledgement of the concepts of iGEM. Dr. Yaa spoke very passionately of <br />
GMOs and made it clear that GMOs would be a considerable solution to malnutrition, which is a recurring <br />
motif in Ghana. As a member of the Safety Committee, Dr. Yaa had recently contributed to the approval of <br />
four GMO projects in Ghana. The four GMO projects include protein rich sweet potato and cotton with <br />
pesticides integrated into the genom (BT-cotton). The projects have got permits to do research but the research <br />
will be subject to strict rules concerning biosafety, management of risks in biochemistry and national <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> biosafety.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
A.A. Adenle et al.: Status of development, regulation and adoption of GM agriculture in Africa: Views and positions of stakeholder groups. Food Policy. 2013:43,159-166.<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919213001346" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<span class="intro">Dr. Yaa spoke of GMO</span> as an important step forward. The positive effects of GMOs related to farmers and the general population of Ghana were among others the following:<br><br><br />
<b>Farmers:</b><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Reduction of chemicals in farming</li><br />
<li>Improvement of health</li><br />
<li>Saving time for the farmers</li><br />
<li>Saving tractor fuel, in relation to Green House Gasses.</li><br />
</ul><br><br />
<br />
<b>General population:</b><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Nutritional balance</li><br />
<li>Prevention of children suffering from malnutrition</li><br />
<li>Improvement of health</li><br />
<li>Reduction of intolerance. As an example lactose intolerance was given, where GMO could be<br />
accommodated by producing milk containing lactase, which is an enzyme one lacks when <br />
lactose <br />
<span class="sourceReference"> intolerant</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Swallow, D.M.: Genetics of Lactase Persistence and Lactoseintolerance.<br />
Annu.Rev.Genet,2003.37:197-219.<br />
<a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143820" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></li><br />
</ul><br><br />
<span class="intro">There is much focus on the fact</span> that child mortality has decreased due to improvement in<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> child health.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Child Mortality Estimates, 2014: Under-five mortality rate<br />
<a href="http://www.childmortality.org/index.php?r=site/graph&ID=GHA_Ghana" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
Meanwhile the nutritional status of children in Ghana still remains a <br />
<span class="sourceReference"> challenge.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
<img align="right" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e4/2014SDUghana13.png" style="width:250px" /><br />
By introducing GMOs this issue could potentially be reduced. However, the ethical aspects of introducing <br />
GMOs as relief-aid for hunger or malnutrition must be subject to consideration, according to Dr. <br />
Yaa. Personally, Dr. Yaa did not think of GMO as unethical if the purpose was relief of hunger or <br />
malnutrition. However, it would be necessary to educate the population so that they would have a foundation for decisions regarding the use of GMOs as a nutrition source.<br />
Dr. Yaa mentioned the importance of considering indications producing genetically modified<br />
organism. The hypothetical GMO should have relevance in a way that promises improvement of lifestyle or <br />
brings good quality to something.<br />
Furthermore, it would be necessary to demonstrate the safety of the GMO. This would include risk <br />
assessments such as inspection of the organism when separated from its natural surroundings. It would <br />
additionally be crucial that the commercial releases were informative so that the consumers would receive <br />
the essential information.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">According to Dr Yaa</span> the objections to GMOs seen from a religious point of view could be a problem in the<br />
beginning but it would not persist. Consequently, development of GMOs would entail that the genes, which <br />
were used to modify the organisms, should be picked with concern. For instance, genes from a pig would <br />
cause a revolt coming from the religious community.<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4>Interview with Prof. George Armah</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:320px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/50/2014SDUghana2.PNG" title="Professor George Armah (on the left) from the Noguchi memorial institute for medical research and Anne Katrine Kurtzhals (on the right) from our iGEM team."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/50/2014SDUghana2.PNG" style="width:320px" /><br />
Professor George Armah (on the left) from the Noguchi memorial institute for medical research and Anne Katrine Kurtzhals (on the right) from our iGEM team.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Professor George Armah</span> (Prof. Armah) was head of the Electron Microscopy & Histopathology department <br />
at the Nuguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon. Currently Prof. Armah <br />
is the Master of Commonwealth Hall, University of Ghana, Legon.<br />
Prof. Armah has a lot of expert knowledge about the health profile of the Ghanaians as well as the condition <br />
of life in Ghana. For this reason, Prof. Armah was an interesting scientist to interview in connection with <br />
applications of Edible coli in malnourished countries.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah said that</span> he believe that the Edible coli could have potential in Ghana. The main issue would be to<br />
introduce the product as a new source of nutrition. According to Prof. Armah it would be crucial to include<br />
the Edible coli in the Ghanaian gastronomy. He sees it as unlikely that people will change their way of life. Therefore, GMOs should be incorporated into food such as sweet potato, rice etc.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah spoke of</span> two important aspects of malnutrition in Ghana:<br />
<ul><br />
<li>The spoilage of food was mentioned as an issue. In Ghana the access to food is not a<br />
problem. However, malnourishment is a persistent dilemma throughout the county. Depending on the geographical location, the people eat <br />
differently. In the southern part of Ghana, the population primarily eat fish and fufu. Fufu is a <br />
staple food made from the cassava plant and this is rich on carbohydrates. The population in the <br />
northern part of Ghana has lots of vegetables and chicken, and therefore they do not get the <br />
recommended ratio of &omega; fatty acids.</li><br />
<br />
<li>The second issue Prof. Armah spoke of was the traditional and cultural practices of Ghana. As mentioned,<br />
there are regional differences of food supply. Furthermore, human beings do not<br />
necessarily prioritize out of common sense but rather act in accordance with tradition and delight.</li><br />
</ul><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah illustrated his points with</span> the two aspects by giving examples from the northern part of Ghana. Traditionally children are forbidden to eat eggs, which is a contradiction to the fact that children particularly need good nutrition to encourage their <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> growth.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
The MAL-ED Network Investigators: The MAL-ED Study: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Approach to<br />
Understand the Relationship Between Enteric Pathogens, Malnutrition, Gut Physiology, Physical Growth, <br />
Cognitive Development, and Immune Responses in Infants and Children Up to 2 Years of Age in Resource-<br />
Poor Environments. Clin Infect Dis,2014:59(4),193-206.<br />
<a href="http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/suppl_4/S193.long#sec-28" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
This tradition was based on a general attitude about children becoming impertinent when they were given<br />
nutrient-rich food. Another example from the northern part of Ghana was that most men would rather sell a chicken instead<br />
of eating it with the intention of buying alcohol. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah refered to the problems</span> considering malnourishment as localized. Cultural and educational<br />
practices where mentioned as issues in relation to the application of GMOs. According to Prof. Armah the <br />
rural areas of Ghana did not take interest in synthetic biology due to the lack of education.<br />
Objections to the use of synthetic biology were not linked to religion or culture according <br />
to Prof. Armah. Thereby GMOs might not be rejected based on religious and social reasons, but on the fact that the population might not embrace a foreign initiative.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<div class="imageGallery alignCenter"><br />
<br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/80/2014SDUghana7.PNG" title="Woman selling water in Volta region."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/94/2014SDUghana12.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f2/2014SDUghana3.PNG" title="Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f8/2014SDUghana8.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUghana4.PNG" title="Nuguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/20/2014SDUghana9.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/41/2014SDUghana5.PNG" title="Local children at lake Bosuntwi."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/09/2014SDUghana10.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/48/2014SDUghana6.PNG" title="Market in Kumasi, Ghana."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/52/2014SDUghana11.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Pictures from Ghana.<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour51Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour512014-10-18T02:59:57Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3> An expert opinion </h3><br />
<br><br />
<h4>Outreach in Ghana</h4><br />
<p><br />
<div class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:450px"><br />
<table><br />
<tr><br />
<td><p><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Facts about Ghana</font></b></p></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Geographic location:</font></b></td><br />
<td>Coastal country of West Africa</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Population:</font></b></td><br />
<td><span class="sourceReference"> 25,366,000</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: WHO African region: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countries/gha/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Population under 15 years:</font></b></td><br />
<td><span class="sourceReference">38.59 %</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Nutritional status of children:</font></b></td><br />
<td>28% are stunted, 9% wasted and 14% <span class="sourceReference"> underweight.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Diet:</font></b></td><br />
<td>Starchy roots, fruit and edible <span class="sourceReference"> grains.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Coverage needs (micronutrients and vitamins):</font></b></td><br />
<td>Primarily iodine and <span class="sourceReference"> vitamin A.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Causes of mortality:</font></b></td><br />
<td>Bad access to health services, safe water and sanitation. High incidence of Malaria. <span class="sourceReference"> Malnutrition.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">When generating nutrition made of bacteria</span> our team pointed it's contribution to the considerable task of<br />
providing accurate nutrient to developing countries. The contradiction between a common opinion of how <br />
food is produced and finding a solution to obtaining food in the future has been a key issue to our <br />
project. Furthermore, the ethical and social aspects to our project are decisive to include.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This means that we have considered</span> what good research is. Good research includes the common opinion<br />
in society, and for this reason outreach in Ghana provided us with different standpoints to our <br />
project.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Interview with Dr. Yaa Difie-Osei:</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:320px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/22/2014SDUghana1.PNG" title="Dr. Yaa Difie-Osie from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/22/2014SDUghana1.PNG" style="width:320px" /><br />
Dr. Yaa Difie-Osie from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry,</span> Dr. Yaa Difie-Osei (Dr. Yaa), agreed to meet with our team member Anne, <br />
during her stay in the capital of Ghana, Accra, in August. The purpose was to talk about GMOs in relation <br />
to our Edible coli. The interview was held at the Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology <br />
at the University of Ghana in Legon. Dr. Yaa has previously worked at the university herself but is now retired <br />
from her position as lecturer. Dr. Yaa is still involved in <br />
the development of synthetic biology in Ghana as a member of the National Biosafety Committee of Ghana. <br />
The fact that Dr. Yaa has much experience regarding synthetic biology and at the same time is a member of <br />
the National Biosafety Committee makes her expertise significant to our project.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">When Dr. Yaa heard about</span> our iGEM project she expressed great interest and there was a clear <br />
understanding and acknowledgement of the concepts of iGEM. Dr. Yaa spoke very passionately of <br />
GMOs and made it clear that GMOs would be a considerable solution to malnutrition, which is a recurring <br />
motif in Ghana. As a member of the Safety Committee, Dr. Yaa had recently contributed to the approval of <br />
four GMO projects in Ghana. The four GMO projects include protein rich sweet potato and cotton with <br />
pesticides integrated into the genom (BT-cotton). The projects have got permits to do research but the research <br />
will be subject to strict rules concerning biosafety, management of risks in biochemistry and national <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> biosafety.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
A.A. Adenle et al.: Status of development, regulation and adoption of GM agriculture in Africa: Views and positions of stakeholder groups. Food Policy. 2013:43,159-166.<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919213001346" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<span class="intro">Dr. Yaa spoke of GMO</span> as an important step forward. The positive effects of GMOs related to farmers and the general population of Ghana were among others the following:<br><br><br />
<b>Farmers:</b><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Reduction of chemicals in farming</li><br />
<li>Improvement of health</li><br />
<li>Saving time for the farmers</li><br />
<li>Saving tractor fuel, in relation to Green House Gasses.</li><br />
</ul><br><br />
<br />
<b>General population:</b><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Nutritional balance</li><br />
<li>Prevention of children suffering from malnutrition</li><br />
<li>Improvement of health</li><br />
<li>Reduction of intolerance. As an example lactose intolerance was given, where GMO could be<br />
accommodated by producing milk containing lactase, which is an enzyme one lacks when <br />
lactose <br />
<span class="sourceReference"> intolerant</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Swallow, D.M.: Genetics of Lactase Persistence and Lactoseintolerance.<br />
Annu.Rev.Genet,2003.37:197-219.<br />
<a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143820" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></li><br />
</ul><br><br />
<span class="intro">There is much focus on the fact</span> that child mortality has decreased due to improvement in<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> child health.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Child Mortality Estimates, 2014: Under-five mortality rate<br />
<a href="http://www.childmortality.org/index.php?r=site/graph&ID=GHA_Ghana" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
Meanwhile the nutritional status of children in Ghana still remains a <br />
<span class="sourceReference"> challenge.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
<img align="right" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e4/2014SDUghana13.png" style="width:250px" /><br />
By introducing GMOs this issue could potentially be reduced. However, the ethical aspects of introducing <br />
GMOs as relief-aid for hunger or malnutrition must be subject to consideration, according to Dr. <br />
Yaa. Personally, Dr. Yaa did not think of GMO as unethical if the purpose was relief of hunger or <br />
malnutrition. However, it would be necessary to educate the population so that they would have a foundation for decisions regarding the use of GMOs as a nutrition source.<br />
Dr. Yaa mentioned the importance of considering indications producing genetically modified<br />
organism. The hypothetical GMO should have relevance in a way that promises improvement of lifestyle or <br />
brings good quality to something.<br />
Furthermore, it would be necessary to demonstrate the safety of the GMO. This would include risk <br />
assessments such as inspection of the organism when separated from its natural surroundings. It would <br />
additionally be crucial that the commercial releases were informative so that the consumers would receive <br />
the essential information.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">According to Dr Yaa</span> the objections to GMOs seen from a religious point of view could be a problem in the<br />
beginning but it would not persist. Consequently, development of GMOs would entail that the genes, which <br />
were used to modify the organisms, should be picked with concern. For instance, genes from a pig would <br />
cause a revolt coming from the religious community.<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4>Interview with Prof. George Armah</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:320px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/50/2014SDUghana2.PNG" title="Professor George Armah (on the left) from the Noguchi memorial institute for medical research and Anne Katrine Kurtzhals (on the right) from our iGEM team."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/50/2014SDUghana2.PNG" style="width:320px" /><br />
Professor George Armah (on the left) from the Noguchi memorial institute for medical research and Anne Katrine Kurtzhals (on the right) from our iGEM team.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Professor George Armah</span> (Prof. Armah) was head of the Electron Microscopy & Histopathology department <br />
at the Nuguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon. Currently Prof. Armah <br />
is the Master of Commonwealth Hall, University of Ghana, Legon.<br />
Prof. Armah has a lot of expert knowledge about the health profile of the Ghanaians as well as the condition <br />
of life in Ghana. For this reason, Prof. Armah was an interesting scientist to interview in connection with <br />
applications of Edible coli in malnourished countries.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah said that</span> he believe that the Edible coli could have potential in Ghana. The main issue would be to<br />
introduce the product as a new source of nutrition. According to Prof. Armah it would be crucial to include<br />
the Edible coli in the Ghanaian gastronomy. He sees it as unlikely that people will change their way of life. Therefore, GMOs should be incorporated into food such as sweet potato, rice etc.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah spoke of</span> two important aspects of malnutrition in Ghana:<br />
<ol><br />
<li>The spoilage of food was mentioned as an issue. In Ghana the access to food is not a<br />
problem. However, malnourishment is a persistent dilemma throughout the county. Depending on the geographical location, the people eat <br />
differently. In the southern part of Ghana, the population primarily eat fish and fufu. Fufu is a <br />
staple food made from the cassava plant and this is rich on carbohydrates. The population in the <br />
northern part of Ghana has lots of vegetables and chicken, and therefore they do not get the <br />
recommended ratio of &omega; fatty acids.</li><br />
<br />
<li>The second issue Prof. Armah spoke of was the traditional and cultural practices of Ghana. As mentioned,<br />
there are regional differences of food supply. Furthermore, human beings do not<br />
necessarily prioritize out of common sense but rather act in accordance with tradition and delight.</li><br />
</ol><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah illustrated his points with</span> the two aspects by giving examples from the northern part of Ghana. Traditionally children are forbidden to eat eggs, which is a contradiction to the fact that children particularly need good nutrition to encourage their <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> growth.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
The MAL-ED Network Investigators: The MAL-ED Study: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Approach to<br />
Understand the Relationship Between Enteric Pathogens, Malnutrition, Gut Physiology, Physical Growth, <br />
Cognitive Development, and Immune Responses in Infants and Children Up to 2 Years of Age in Resource-<br />
Poor Environments. Clin Infect Dis,2014:59(4),193-206.<br />
<a href="http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/suppl_4/S193.long#sec-28" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
This tradition was based on a general attitude about children becoming impertinent when they were given<br />
nutrient-rich food. Another example from the northern part of Ghana was that most men would rather sell a chicken instead<br />
of eating it with the intention of buying alcohol. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah refered to the problems</span> considering malnourishment as localized. Cultural and educational<br />
practices where mentioned as issues in relation to the application of GMOs. According to Prof. Armah the <br />
rural areas of Ghana did not take interest in synthetic biology due to the lack of education.<br />
Objections to the use of synthetic biology were not linked to religion or culture according <br />
to Prof. Armah. Thereby GMOs might not be rejected based on religious and social reasons, but on the fact that the population might not embrace a foreign initiative.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<div class="imageGallery alignCenter"><br />
<br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/80/2014SDUghana7.PNG" title="Woman selling water in Volta region."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/94/2014SDUghana12.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f2/2014SDUghana3.PNG" title="Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f8/2014SDUghana8.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUghana4.PNG" title="Nuguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/20/2014SDUghana9.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/41/2014SDUghana5.PNG" title="Local children at lake Bosuntwi."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/09/2014SDUghana10.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/48/2014SDUghana6.PNG" title="Market in Kumasi, Ghana."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/52/2014SDUghana11.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Pictures from Ghana.<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour21Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour212014-10-18T02:53:29Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h3> Facts and Statistics </h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">The world <b>without</b> Edible coli</font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>A World Wide Problem</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">805 million people suffered</span> from undernourishment in 2012-2014. This makes a total of 11.24%, or more than<br />
every ninth person in the entire<br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> world.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014:<br />
Hunger Statistics.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/dd/2014SDUfacts5.png" title="Figure 1: Earths total biocapacity vs. the Ecological Footprint of humanity, as a function of time."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/dd/2014SDUfacts5.png" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 1: Earths total biocapacity vs. the Ecological Footprint of humanity, as a function of <br />
<span class="sourceReference">time.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 40.</span> <br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The Food and Agriculture Organization</span> of the United Nations define undernourishment as a state, lasting<br />
for at least one year, of inability to acquire enough food, defined as a level of food intake, insufficient <br />
to meet dietary energy <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> requirement.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014:<br />
<br />
Basic definitions.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
Undernourishment is mostly seen in developing<br />
countries, e.g. many African countries, where the PPP (Purchasing Power Parity per capita) is very low, <br />
compared with e.g. European <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">countries.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
We in fact already produce enough food worldwide to feed every person with at least 2720 calories per <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">day.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Hunger, 2013:<br />
2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
<br />
But many people have too little income or no land to cultivate them, which makes them unable to produce enough food. Charitable organizations are working hard against the hunger <br />
problem in especially Africa, Latin America, and <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> South-East Asia,</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<br />
<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
but a lack of money and resources, poor infrastructures and war make it a nearly insoluble problem.<br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/90/2014SDUfacts4.png" title="Figure 2: The total of Earth's biocapacity consumed by humanity, as a function of time."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/90/2014SDUfacts4.png" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 2: The total of Earth's biocapacity consumed by humanity, as a function of <br />
<span class="sourceReference">time.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38.</span><br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Right now, the world's population</span> is about 7 billion people and grows by 1.2% per year, which means that<br />
we will be twice as many people in the world in about <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">58 years.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
<br />
Our food production cannot cover<br />
the needs of so many people, and it is unlikely that we will be able to produce enough meat, without <br />
worsening the living conditions of the animals. This forces us to find alternative food sources.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to this,</span> people of the Earth consume more than the total biocapacity, that can be regenerated from renewable resources in the same time span. <br />
The Ecological Footprint of humanity is defined as the sum of the areas needed for biologically productive land and/or fishing grounds to supply resources for the human population’s consumption, and to assimilate associated waste. This has exceeded the biocapacity available since the 1970’s, as shown in figure 1.<br />
<br />
In 2008, the total biocapacity of the Earth was 12.0 billion gha, and thus 1.8 gha per person. <br />
In contrast to this, the total Ecological Footprint was 18.2 billion gha, and thus 2.7 gha per person. This ecological overshoot means that it takes the Earth around 1.5 years to generate the renewable resources. In other words we are consuming the biocapacity of 1.5 planet Earths every year, shown in figure 2, and this means that the biocapacity has decreased and will continue to do <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> so.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38-40. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf " target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<br />
<table style="width:800px"><br />
<tr><br />
<td><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:230px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/86/2014SDUfacts1.PNG" title="Figure 3: Contribution of carbohydrates in total dietary consumption."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/86/2014SDUfacts1.PNG" style="width:230px" /><br />
Figure 3: Contribution of carbohydrates in total dietary consumption.<br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:230px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f9/2014SDUfacts2.PNG" title="Figure 4: Contribution of protein in total dietary consumption."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f9/2014SDUfacts2.PNG" style="width:230px" /><br />
Figure 4: Contribution of protein in total dietary consumption.<br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:230px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b4/2014SDUfacts3.PNG" title="Figure 5: Contribution of fats in total dietary consumption."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b4/2014SDUfacts3.PNG" style="width:230px" /><br />
Figure 5: Contribution of fats in total dietary consumption.<br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br><br />
<h4>What do we eat?</h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Figure 3 shows</span> the contribution of carbohydrates in total dietary consumption in the world. WHO recommends a minimum of 55% of carbohydrates in the daily diet, but they also caution that a daily intake <br />
of more than 75% can lead to health <br />
<span class="sourceReference">problems.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
Figure 3 shows that the proportional intake of carbohydrates is very high in Africa, with more than 60% daily intake in all countries, and an intake of more than 75% in six countries. In addition, many high-income countries, like the United States of America, United Kingdom or <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">France,</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
The World Bank, 2014: GNI per Capita, Atlas method (current US$).<br />
<br />
<a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
have a very low intake of carbohydrates, with less than 50%.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Figure 4 shows</span> the contribution of proteins in total dietary consumption in the world. <br />
10-20% proteins per day are recommended by <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> WHO,</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition.<br />
WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
but as it is seen in figure 4, protein intake is very low, with less than 16% daily consumption worldwide, and under 10% in many African countries.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Figure 5 shows</span> the consumption of fats in total dietary consumption in the world. A daily intake of more than 35 % fats can lead to massive overweight and diseases like cancer. In addition, a daily intake of less than 20 % can lead to vitamin <br />
<span class="sourceReference">deficiency.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and<br />
Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
Figure 5 shows that many countries in Africa, South-East Asia and Latin America have a daily intake of less than 20 % fats, while other countries, like USA, UK and France have a intake higher than 35 %.<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">It is important to note</span> that even if the dietary ratio between carbohydrates, proteins and fats is as recommended, people may still not eat enough calories per day, and therefore still be undernourished. As an example, Congo has a distribution of 80% carbohydrates, 14% fats, and 6% protein. This shows that<br />
people in Congo eat comparatively too much carbohydrates, and insufficient amounts of protein and fats. <br />
In contrast, USA has a contribution of 49% carbohydrates, 38% fats, and 12% protein. This contribution <br />
has too little carbohydrates and way too many fats, and as mentioned above, even a harmful amount of fats. <br />
But as in Congo, people in USA eat very little protein which is fairly poor.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Overall, the three figures show</span> that many countries in Africa, South-East Asia, and Latin America have <br />
carbohydrates as their primary food source, while they eat too little protein and fats compared to the <br />
recommended amount. This might be because of their low income, as carbohydrates are less expensive and <br />
often the only available food <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">source.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
FAO: Chapter 7 - Food, nutrients and diets.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0078e/w0078e08.htm#P7404_499006" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In contrast, high-income countries</span> that have access to all food sources also have a wrong composition of <br />
carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It is unknown why people who have the choice, don’t eat the recommended amount of the food sources. It might be that these people don’t spend much time on cooking and make the easy choice of eating <br />
fast food instead, which is rich in fats.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Developing countries have many problems</span> with undernourishment, but the entire world has a problem <br />
with malnourishment.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour21Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour212014-10-18T02:51:38Z<p>SarahNielsen: Undo revision 391776 by SarahNielsen (talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h3> Facts and Statistics </h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">The world <b>without</b> Edible coli</font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>A World Wide Problem</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">805 million people suffered</span> from undernourishment in 2012-2014. This makes a total of 11.24%, or more than<br />
every ninth person in the entire<br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> world.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014:<br />
Hunger Statistics.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/dd/2014SDUfacts5.png" title="Figure 1: Earths total biocapacity vs. the Ecological Footprint of humanity, as a function of time."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/dd/2014SDUfacts5.png" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 1: Earths total biocapacity vs. the Ecological Footprint of humanity, as a function of <br />
<span class="sourceReference">time.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 40.</span> <br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The Food and Agriculture Organization</span> of the United Nations define undernourishment as a state, lasting<br />
for at least one year, of inability to acquire enough food, defined as a level of food intake, insufficient <br />
to meet dietary energy <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> requirement.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014:<br />
<br />
Basic definitions.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
Undernourishment is mostly seen in developing<br />
countries, e.g. many African countries, where the PPP (Purchasing Power Parity per capita) is very low, <br />
compared with e.g. European <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">countries.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
We in fact already produce enough food worldwide to feed every person with at least 2720 calories per <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">day.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Hunger, 2013:<br />
2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
<br />
But many people have too little income or no land to cultivate them, which makes them unable to produce enough food. Charitable organizations are working hard against the hunger <br />
problem in especially Africa, Latin America, and <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> South-East Asia,</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<br />
<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
but a lack of money and resources, poor infrastructures and war make it a nearly insoluble problem.<br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/90/2014SDUfacts4.png" title="Figure 2: The total of Earth's biocapacity consumed by humanity, as a function of time."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/90/2014SDUfacts4.png" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 2: The total of Earth's biocapacity consumed by humanity, as a function of <br />
<span class="sourceReference">time.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38.</span><br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Right now, the world's population</span> is about 7 billion people and grows by 1.2% per year, which means that<br />
we will be twice as many people in the world in about <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">58 years.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
<br />
Our food production cannot cover<br />
the needs of so many people, and it is unlikely that we will be able to produce enough meat, without <br />
worsening the living conditions of the animals. This forces us to find alternative food sources.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to this,</span> people of the Earth consume more than the total biocapacity, that can be regenerated from renewable resources in the same time span. <br />
The Ecological Footprint of humanity is defined as the sum of the areas needed for biologically productive land and/or fishing grounds to supply resources for the human population’s consumption, and to assimilate associated waste. This has exceeded the biocapacity available since the 1970’s, as shown in figure 1.<br />
<br />
In 2008, the total biocapacity of the Earth was 12.0 billion gha, and thus 1.8 gha per person. <br />
In contrast to this, the total Ecological Footprint was 18.2 billion gha, and thus 2.7 gha per person. This ecological overshoot means that it takes the Earth around 1.5 years to generate the renewable resources. In other words we are consuming the biocapacity of 1.5 planet Earths every year, shown in figure 2, and this means that the biocapacity has decreased and will continue to do <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> so.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38-40. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf " target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<br />
<table style="width:800px"><br />
<tr><br />
<td><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:230px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/86/2014SDUfacts1.PNG" title="Figure 3: Contribution of carbohydrates in total dietary consumption."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/86/2014SDUfacts1.PNG" style="width:230px" /><br />
Figure 3: Contribution of carbohydrates in total dietary consumption.<br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:230px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f9/2014SDUfacts2.PNG" title="Figure 4: Contribution of protein in total dietary consumption."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f9/2014SDUfacts2.PNG" style="width:230px" /><br />
Figure 4: Contribution of protein in total dietary consumption.<br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:230px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b4/2014SDUfacts3.PNG" title="Figure 5: Contribution of fats in total dietary consumption."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b4/2014SDUfacts3.PNG" style="width:230px" /><br />
Figure 5: Contribution of fats in total dietary consumption.<br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br><br />
<h4>What do we eat?</h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Figure 1 shows</span> the contribution of carbohydrates in total dietary consumption in the world. WHO recommends a minimum of 55% of carbohydrates in the daily diet, but they also caution that a daily intake <br />
of more than 75% can lead to health <br />
<span class="sourceReference">problems.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
Figure 1 shows that the proportional intake of carbohydrates is very high in Africa, with more than 60% daily intake in all countries, and an intake of more than 75% in six countries. In addition, many high-income countries, like the United States of America, United Kingdom or <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">France,</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
The World Bank, 2014: GNI per Capita, Atlas method (current US$).<br />
<br />
<a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
have a very low intake of carbohydrates, with less than 50%.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Figure 2 shows</span> the contribution of proteins in total dietary consumption in the world. <br />
10-20% proteins per day are recommended by <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> WHO,</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition.<br />
WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
but as it is seen in figure 2, protein intake is very low, with less than 16% daily consumption worldwide, and under 10% in many African countries.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Figure 3 shows</span> the consumption of fats in total dietary consumption in the world. A daily intake of more than 35 % fats can lead to massive overweight and diseases like cancer. In addition, a daily intake of less than 20 % can lead to vitamin <br />
<span class="sourceReference">deficiency.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and<br />
Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
Figure 3 shows that many countries in Africa, South-East Asia and Latin America have a daily intake of less than 20 % fats, while other countries, like USA, UK and France have a intake higher than 35 %.<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">It is important to note</span> that even if the dietary ratio between carbohydrates, proteins and fats is as recommended, people may still not eat enough calories per day, and therefore still be undernourished. As an example, Congo has a distribution of 80% carbohydrates, 14% fats, and 6% protein. This shows that<br />
people in Congo eat comparatively too much carbohydrates, and insufficient amounts of protein and fats. <br />
In contrast, USA has a contribution of 49% carbohydrates, 38% fats, and 12% protein. This contribution <br />
has too little carbohydrates and way too many fats, and as mentioned above, even a harmful amount of fats. <br />
But as in Congo, people in USA eat very little protein which is fairly poor.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Overall, the three figures show</span> that many countries in Africa, South-East Asia, and Latin America have <br />
carbohydrates as their primary food source, while they eat too little protein and fats compared to the <br />
recommended amount. This might be because of their low income, as carbohydrates are less expensive and <br />
often the only available food <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">source.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
FAO: Chapter 7 - Food, nutrients and diets.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0078e/w0078e08.htm#P7404_499006" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In contrast, high-income countries</span> that have access to all food sources also have a wrong composition of <br />
carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It is unknown why people who have the choice, don’t eat the recommended amount of the food sources. It might be that these people don’t spend much time on cooking and make the easy choice of eating <br />
fast food instead, which is rich in fats.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Developing countries have many problems</span> with undernourishment, but the entire world has a problem <br />
with malnourishment.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour21Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour212014-10-18T02:49:50Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h3> Facts and Statistics </h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">The world <b>without</b> Edible coli</font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>A World Wide Problem</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">805 million people suffered</span> from undernourishment in 2012-2014. This makes a total of 11.24%, or more than<br />
every ninth person in the entire<br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> world.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014:<br />
Hunger Statistics.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/dd/2014SDUfacts5.png" title="Figure 1: Earths total biocapacity vs. the Ecological Footprint of humanity, as a function of time."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/dd/2014SDUfacts5.png" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 1: Earths total biocapacity vs. the Ecological Footprint of humanity, as a function of <br />
<span class="sourceReference">time.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 40.</span> <br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The Food and Agriculture Organization</span> of the United Nations define undernourishment as a state, lasting<br />
for at least one year, of inability to acquire enough food, defined as a level of food intake, insufficient <br />
to meet dietary energy <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> requirement.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014:<br />
<br />
Basic definitions.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
Undernourishment is mostly seen in developing<br />
countries, e.g. many African countries, where the PPP (Purchasing Power Parity per capita) is very low, <br />
compared with e.g. European <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">countries.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
We in fact already produce enough food worldwide to feed every person with at least 2720 calories per <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">day.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Hunger, 2013:<br />
2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
<br />
But many people have too little income or no land to cultivate them, which makes them unable to produce enough food. Charitable organizations are working hard against the hunger <br />
problem in especially Africa, Latin America, and <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> South-East Asia,</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<br />
<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
but a lack of money and resources, poor infrastructures and war make it a nearly insoluble problem.<br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/90/2014SDUfacts4.png" title="Figure 2: The total of Earth's biocapacity consumed by humanity, as a function of time."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/90/2014SDUfacts4.png" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 2: The total of Earth's biocapacity consumed by humanity, as a function of <br />
<span class="sourceReference">time.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38.</span><br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Right now, the world's population</span> is about 7 billion people and grows by 1.2% per year, which means that<br />
we will be twice as many people in the world in about <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">58 years.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
<br />
Our food production cannot cover<br />
the needs of so many people, and it is unlikely that we will be able to produce enough meat, without <br />
worsening the living conditions of the animals. This forces us to find alternative food sources.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to this,</span> people of the Earth consume more than the total biocapacity, that can be regenerated from renewable resources in the same time span. <br />
The Ecological Footprint of humanity is defined as the sum of the areas needed for biologically productive land and/or fishing grounds to supply resources for the human population’s consumption, and to assimilate associated waste. This has exceeded the biocapacity available since the 1970’s, as shown in figure 3.<br />
<br />
In 2008, the total biocapacity of the Earth was 12.0 billion gha, and thus 1.8 gha per person. <br />
In contrast to this, the total Ecological Footprint was 18.2 billion gha, and thus 2.7 gha per person. This ecological overshoot means that it takes the Earth around 1.5 years to generate the renewable resources. In other words we are consuming the biocapacity of 1.5 planet Earths every year, shown in figure 4, and this means that the biocapacity has decreased and will continue to do <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> so.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38-40. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf " target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<br />
<table style="width:800px"><br />
<tr><br />
<td><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:230px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/86/2014SDUfacts1.PNG" title="Figure 3: Contribution of carbohydrates in total dietary consumption."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/86/2014SDUfacts1.PNG" style="width:230px" /><br />
Figure 3: Contribution of carbohydrates in total dietary consumption.<br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:230px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f9/2014SDUfacts2.PNG" title="Figure 4: Contribution of protein in total dietary consumption."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f9/2014SDUfacts2.PNG" style="width:230px" /><br />
Figure 4: Contribution of protein in total dietary consumption.<br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td><br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:230px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b4/2014SDUfacts3.PNG" title="Figure 5: Contribution of fats in total dietary consumption."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b4/2014SDUfacts3.PNG" style="width:230px" /><br />
Figure 5: Contribution of fats in total dietary consumption.<br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br><br />
<h4>What do we eat?</h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Figure 3 shows</span> the contribution of carbohydrates in total dietary consumption in the world. WHO recommends a minimum of 55% of carbohydrates in the daily diet, but they also caution that a daily intake <br />
of more than 75% can lead to health <br />
<span class="sourceReference">problems.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
Figure 3 shows that the proportional intake of carbohydrates is very high in Africa, with more than 60% daily intake in all countries, and an intake of more than 75% in six countries. In addition, many high-income countries, like the United States of America, United Kingdom or <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">France,</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
The World Bank, 2014: GNI per Capita, Atlas method (current US$).<br />
<br />
<a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
have a very low intake of carbohydrates, with less than 50%.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Figure 4 shows</span> the contribution of proteins in total dietary consumption in the world. <br />
10-20% proteins per day are recommended by <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> WHO,</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition.<br />
WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
but as it is seen in figure 4, protein intake is very low, with less than 16% daily consumption worldwide, and under 10% in many African countries.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Figure 5 shows</span> the consumption of fats in total dietary consumption in the world. A daily intake of more than 35 % fats can lead to massive overweight and diseases like cancer. In addition, a daily intake of less than 20 % can lead to vitamin <br />
<span class="sourceReference">deficiency.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and<br />
Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
Figure 5 shows that many countries in Africa, South-East Asia and Latin America have a daily intake of less than 20 % fats, while other countries, like USA, UK and France have a intake higher than 35 %.<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">It is important to note</span> that even if the dietary ratio between carbohydrates, proteins and fats is as recommended, people may still not eat enough calories per day, and therefore still be undernourished. As an example, Congo has a distribution of 80% carbohydrates, 14% fats, and 6% protein. This shows that<br />
people in Congo eat comparatively too much carbohydrates, and insufficient amounts of protein and fats. <br />
In contrast, USA has a contribution of 49% carbohydrates, 38% fats, and 12% protein. This contribution <br />
has too little carbohydrates and way too many fats, and as mentioned above, even a harmful amount of fats. <br />
But as in Congo, people in USA eat very little protein which is fairly poor.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Overall, the three figures show</span> that many countries in Africa, South-East Asia, and Latin America have <br />
carbohydrates as their primary food source, while they eat too little protein and fats compared to the <br />
recommended amount. This might be because of their low income, as carbohydrates are less expensive and <br />
often the only available food <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">source.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
FAO: Chapter 7 - Food, nutrients and diets.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0078e/w0078e08.htm#P7404_499006" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In contrast, high-income countries</span> that have access to all food sources also have a wrong composition of <br />
carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It is unknown why people who have the choice, don’t eat the recommended amount of the food sources. It might be that these people don’t spend much time on cooking and make the easy choice of eating <br />
fast food instead, which is rich in fats.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Developing countries have many problems</span> with undernourishment, but the entire world has a problem <br />
with malnourishment.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour41Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour412014-10-18T02:46:29Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Expressions</h3><br />
<h4>Characerization of TetR/pTet</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">As mentioned on the System design page</span>, we wanted to investigate the Tet promoter expression profile, and what influence the LVA tag on the pTet promoter regulator (TetR) had on the expression profile. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">For this purpose</span> three plasmids were constructed. The first expressing GFP from pTet promoter with no regulation. The second and third constitutively expressing TetR with or without the LVA tag as well<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The pTet-GFP construct</span> was cloned.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">A TetR (no LVA) construct</span> was cloned by PCR amplification without the LVA tag and addition of promoter, RBS and terminator. Subsequently the construct was ligated into the pTet-GFP construct. The constructs can be <br />
found in parts registry as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:Bba_K1475004" target="_blank">Bba_K1475004</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:Bba_K1475005" target="_blank">Bba_K1475005</a>, respectively.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">A TetR (with LVA) construct</span> was cloned by PCR amplification with the LVA tag and addition of the same promoter, RBS and terminator as TetR without LVA tag. Subsequently the construct was ligated into the pTet-GFP construct, as well. The construct can be found in parts registry as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:Bba_K1475006" target="_blank">Bba_K1475006</a>.<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4>Characteriztion/expression</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The promoters in</span> the TetR-pTet constructs are supposed to be inhibited by TetR. By induction with<br />
doxycycline, the repressor is inhibited, and thus pTet will be active. In this case, GFP will be expressed <br />
after induction with <br />
<span class="sourceReference">doxycycline.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Aagaard, L., et al.: A Facile Lentiviral Vector System for Ekspression<br />
of Doxycycline-Inducible dhRNAs: Knockdown of the Pre-miRNA Processing Enzyme Drosha. Molecular <br />
Therapy, 2007. 15:5, p. 938-945.<br />
<a href="http://www.nature.com/mt/journal/v15/n5/full/6300118a.html" target="_blank"> (Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<span class="intro">To test if the Tet promoter</span> could be fine-tuned using different concentrations of doxycycline, we ran FACS<br />
(Fuorescence-activated Cell Sorting) on <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by pTet, regulated by TetR with <br />
and without LVA tag. A wild-type was used as control.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/72/2014SDUexpressions1.png" title="Figure 1: Results of the fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) before and after induction with doxycycline. The strains used are NoTetR=E. coli K12 MG1655 with BBa_K136030, GFP regulated by the constitutively active p(tetR). tetR=E. coli K12 MG1655 with BBa_K1475005, GFP controlled by a constitutively expressed tetR repressor without the LVA-tag and the p(tetR) promoter. tetR:LVA=E. coli K12 MG1655 with BBa_K1475005, GFP controlled by a constitutively expressed tetR repressor with the LVA-tag and the p(tetR) promoter."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/72/2014SDUexpressions1.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 1: Results of the FACS before and after induction with doxycycline.<br />
</a><br />
<p><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro"> Comparing only the strains expressing either variants of TetR</span>, the results of the FACS illustrates that without induction with doxycycline, GFP is still expressed. Most likely because the promoter is leaky. Despite 100% of the cells being fluorescent in the absence of doxycycline one can see that the fluorescence intensity is makedly reduced in the constructs containing TetR repressor. There is a very little variation in expression of GFP upon induction with low concentration of doxycycline. At high concentration of doxycycline (2000 ng/mL) it can clearly be seen that TetR (+LVA) inhibits pTet at a weaker extent than TetR without LVA. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Although the FACS results indicates</span> that the pTet inhibited by TetR with LVA tag is the most responsive upon induction by doxycycline, we argue that the effect seen is due to overexpressing of TetR repressor. The hypothesis is based on the poor median fluorescence compared to un-regulated pTet promoter, even at doxycycline concentrations inhibitory of cell growth. pSB1C3 being a high copy plasmid leads to a high number of repressors, thus a higher concentration of doxycycline in needed to induce the expression from pTet. The LVA tag destabilizes TetR thus lovering the number of TetR proteins. This could explain the better response from induction of TetR with LVA. It can be seen from the coomassie stain below that there is less TetR repressor with LVA than without, supporting this hypothesis.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class = "intro">By using a strain,</span> constitutively expressing tetR with pTet on a low copy plasmid UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2011 shows here: <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_R0040:Experience" target="_blank">BBa_R0040:Experience</a> that pTet can be induced by aTc. Thus less TetR repressors in comparison to pTet sites increases the response to inducer, futher supporting the hypothesis. <br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class = "intro">To analyse the amount</span> of TetR with and without LVA tag present in the cell, coomassie stainging was<br />
made on a SDS-page with <i>E. coli</i> K12 (induced by 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, <br />
1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline) expressing pTet-GFP, pTet-TetR (no LVA)-GFP and pTet-TetR <br />
(+LVA)-GFP, respectively.<br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/be/SDU2014expressionsCoomassie_TetR_rettet_2000.png" title="Figure 2: Coomassie staining on with <i>E. coli</i> K12 (induced by 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline) expressing pTet-GFP, pTet-TetR (no LVA)-GFP and pTet-TetR (+LVA)-GFP, respectively."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/be/SDU2014expressionsCoomassie_TetR_rettet_2000.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 2: Coomassie staining on with <i>E. coli</i> K12 (induced by 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline) expressing pTet-GFP, pTet-TetR (no LVA)-GFP and pTet-TetR (+LVA)-GFP, respectively.<br />
</a><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">The coomassie staining shows</span> that the construct expressing TetR(+LVA) expresses more GFP than the<br />
construct expressing TetR(no LVA). In addition to this, the staining shows a higher amount of TetR(no LVA) <br />
in the cell than of TetR(+LVA). This is consistent with the FACS results that illustrates that pTet-TetR(+LVA) <br />
expresses more GFP than pTet-TetR(no LVA). The coomassie staining indicates that the reason for the <br />
higher expression of GFP by pTet-TetR (+ LVA) is because the cell contains less inhibitor. This must be due <br />
to the LVA tag making TetR unstable and tagging it for degredation. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class = "intro">Because pTet is leaky,</span> all cells express GFP. It can be difficult to tell if the pTet has been induced and to <br />
what extent, however, plates containing the corresponding concentrations of doxycycline as used in FACS <br />
clearly shows an induction.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Duplicates of plates with doxycycline</span> were made with 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 <br />
ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline. On the plates, TetR-pTet construct with LVA, TetR-pTet <br />
construct with no LVA, pTet-GFP without TetR construct and wild-type were plated. <br><br><br />
</p><br />
<div><br />
<table frame="box" rules="rows" style="width:800px"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px"></td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 0 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 50 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 100 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px">First series of plating of <br>TetR-GFP at different concentrations of doxycycline<br><br><br><br><br><br><br></td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/2d/2014SDUexpressions5.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 0ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/2f/2014SDUexpressions2.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/5d/2014SDUexpressions6.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 50ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/cb/2014SDUexpressions3.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/17/2014SDUexpressions7.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 100ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/a/a1/2014SDUexpressions4.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px">200 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">500 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">1000 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">2000 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/d0/2014SDUexpressions12.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 200ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/1a/2014SDUexpressions8.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/2014SDUexpressions13.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 500ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/17/2014SDUexpressions9.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/37/2014SDUexpressions14.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 1000ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/57/2014SDUexpressions10.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c3/2014SDUexpressions15.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 2000ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/2014SDUexpressions11.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<span class = "intro">Table 1:</span> Plating of E. coli MG1655 K12 expressing different constructs on plates containing a varying concentration of doxycycline: GFP=BBa_K136030, GFP regulated by the constitutively active p(tetR). tetR no LVA=BBa_K1475005, GFP controlled by a constitutively expressed tetR repressor without the LVA-tag and the p(tetR) promoter. tetR +LVA=BBa_K1475005, GFP controlled by a constitutively expressed tetR repressor with the LVA-tag and the p(tetR) promoter. The experiment was done in duplicates but the second line of results was omitted from this wiki because the results showed the same, please see the parts registry page for all results: <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475005">BBa_K1475005</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475006">BBa_K1475006</a>.<br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The plating of TetR-GFP constructs</span> on plates with doxycycline shows that GFP is expressed at different <br />
levels at different concentrations of doxycycline. Expression increases with an increase in doxycycline <br />
concentrations. The plates also show that GFP, to some extent, is expressed without doxycycline. This <br />
indicates that the Tet promoter is leaky and is not fully inhibited by TetR as it was also seen from the FACS <br />
results. Furthermore, the plating assay proves that the bricks are functional, however slowly responding to induction (continuous induction over 24 hours compared to induction over 1 hour)<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">To see how the growth</span> of the bacteria expressing GFP controlled by pTet are affected, we measured <br />
OD over 8 hours. We measured OD on triplicates of bacteria with an empty vector, pTet-GFP, pTet (no LVA)-<br />
GFP, pTet (+LVA)-GFP and a wild-type.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:800px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/cb/2014SDUDouble_growth_curve_-_revideret_daniel-01-01.PNG" style="width:800px" /><br />
Figure 3: Growth curve of bacteria expressing pTet (+LVA)-GFP, pTet (no LVA)-GFP, pTet-GFP, an empty vector and a wild-type.<br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">Figure 3 shows the growth</span> of bacteria expressing GFP constitutiely, are attenuated the most with most <br />
comprised growth. Removing the LVA tag from TetR also has a negative effect on the growth of the <br />
bacteria. This could be because TetR without LVA stresses the metabolism of the bacteria more than TetR<br />
with LVA or because LVA tags TetR for degradation and thus TetR with LVA stresses the cell less than TetR <br />
without LVA.</p><br><br />
<br />
<h4>Characterization of lacI/plac</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">2013 SDU-Denmark iGEM team proved</span> that the natural lac inhibitor has a faster respondance on induction <br />
by IPTG, than lacI with LVA (<a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour52">Link</a>). As for pTet, we wanted <br />
to test if the lac promoter could be fine-tuned. Due to the 2013 SDU iGEM team, we used the lacI without <br />
LVA. We wanted to ligate a constitutive promoter-lacI (no LVA) with plac-GFP. This was done successfully <br />
and can be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475007">Bba_K1475007</a>. Due to time constrains, we were never able to characterize this part and compare it to pTet.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour41Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour412014-10-18T02:45:23Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Expressions</h3><br />
<h4>Characerization of TetR/pTet</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">As mentioned on the System design page</span>, we wanted to investigate the Tet promoter expression profile, and what influence the LVA tag on the pTet promoter regulator (TetR) had on the expression profile. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">For this purpose</span> three plasmids were constructed. The first expressing GFP from pTet promoter with no regulation. The second and third constitutively expressing TetR with or without the LVA tag as well<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The pTet-GFP construct</span> was cloned.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">A TetR (no LVA) construct</span> was cloned by PCR amplification without the LVA tag and addition of promoter, RBS and terminator. Subsequently the construct was ligated into the pTet-GFP construct. The constructs can be <br />
found in parts registry as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:Bba_K1475004" target="_blank">Bba_K1475004</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:Bba_K1475005" target="_blank">Bba_K1475005</a>, respectively.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">A TetR (with LVA) construct</span> was cloned by PCR amplification with the LVA tag and addition of the same promoter, RBS and terminator as TetR without LVA tag. Subsequently the construct was ligated into the pTet-GFP construct, as well. The construct can be found in parts registry as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:Bba_K1475006" target="_blank">Bba_K1475006</a>.<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4>Characteriztion/expression</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The promoters in</span> the TetR-pTet constructs are supposed to be inhibited by TetR. By induction with<br />
doxycycline, the repressor is inhibited, and thus pTet will be active. In this case, GFP will be expressed <br />
after induction with <br />
<span class="sourceReference">doxycycline.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Aagaard, L., et al.: A Facile Lentiviral Vector System for Ekspression<br />
of Doxycycline-Inducible dhRNAs: Knockdown of the Pre-miRNA Processing Enzyme Drosha. Molecular <br />
Therapy, 2007. 15:5, p. 938-945.<br />
<a href="http://www.nature.com/mt/journal/v15/n5/full/6300118a.html" target="_blank"> (Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<span class="intro">To test if the Tet promoter</span> could be fine-tuned using different concentrations of doxycycline, we ran FACS<br />
(Fuorescence-activated Cell Sorting) on <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by pTet, regulated by TetR with <br />
and without LVA tag. A wild-type was used as control.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/72/2014SDUexpressions1.png" title="Figure 1: Results of the fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) before and after induction with doxycycline. The strains used are NoTetR=E. coli K12 MG1655 with BBa_K136030, GFP regulated by the constitutively active p(tetR). tetR=E. coli K12 MG1655 with BBa_K1475005, GFP controlled by a constitutively expressed tetR repressor without the LVA-tag and the p(tetR) promoter. tetR:LVA=E. coli K12 MG1655 with BBa_K1475005, GFP controlled by a constitutively expressed tetR repressor with the LVA-tag and the p(tetR) promoter."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/72/2014SDUexpressions1.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 1: Results of the FACS before and after induction with doxycycline.<br />
</a><br />
<p><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro"> Comparing only the strains expressing either variants of TetR</span>, the results of the FACS illustrates that without induction with doxycycline, GFP is still expressed. Most likely because the promoter is leaky. Despite 100% of the cells being fluorescent in the absence of doxycycline one can see that the fluorescence intensity is makedly reduced in the constructs containing TetR repressor. There is a very little variation in expression of GFP upon induction with low concentration of doxycycline. At high concentration of doxycycline (2000 ng/mL) it can clearly be seen that TetR (+LVA) inhibits pTet at a weaker extent than TetR without LVA. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Although the FACS results indicates</span> that the pTet inhibited by TetR with LVA tag is the most responsive upon induction by doxycycline, we argue that the effect seen is due to overexpressing of TetR repressor. The hypothesis is based on the poor median fluorescence compared to un-regulated pTet promoter, even at doxycycline concentrations inhibitory of cell growth. pSB1C3 being a high copy plasmid leads to a high number of repressors, thus a higher concentration of doxycycline in needed to induce the expression from pTet. The LVA tag destabilizes TetR thus lovering the number of TetR proteins. This could explain the better response from induction of TetR with LVA. It can be seen from the coomassie stain below that there is less TetR repressor with LVA than without, supporting this hypothesis.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class = "intro">By using a strain,</span> constitutively expressing tetR with pTet on a low copy plasmid UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2011 shows here: <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_R0040:Experience" target="_blank">BBa_R0040:Experience</a> that pTet can be induced by aTc. Thus less TetR repressors in comparison to pTet sites increases the response to inducer, futher supporting the hypothesis. <br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class = "intro">To analyse the amount</span> of TetR with and without LVA tag present in the cell, coomassie stainging was<br />
made on a SDS-page with <i>E. coli</i> K12 (induced by 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, <br />
1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline) expressing pTet-GFP, pTet-TetR (no LVA)-GFP and pTet-TetR <br />
(+LVA)-GFP, respectively.<br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/be/SDU2014expressionsCoomassie_TetR_rettet_2000.png" title="Figure 2: Coomassie staining on with <i>E. coli</i> K12 (induced by 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline) expressing pTet-GFP, pTet-TetR (no LVA)-GFP and pTet-TetR (+LVA)-GFP, respectively."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/be/SDU2014expressionsCoomassie_TetR_rettet_2000.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 2: Coomassie staining on with <i>E. coli</i> K12 (induced by 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline) expressing pTet-GFP, pTet-TetR (no LVA)-GFP and pTet-TetR (+LVA)-GFP, respectively.<br />
</a><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">The coomassie staining shows</span> that the construct expressing TetR(+LVA) expresses more GFP than the<br />
construct expressing TetR(no LVA). In addition to this, the staining shows a higher amount of TetR(no LVA) <br />
in the cell than of TetR(+LVA). This is consistent with the FACS results that illustrates that pTet-TetR(+LVA) <br />
expresses more GFP than pTet-TetR(no LVA). The coomassie staining indicates that the reason for the <br />
higher expression of GFP by pTet-TetR (+ LVA) is because the cell contains less inhibitor. This must be due <br />
to the LVA tag making TetR unstable and tagging it for degredation. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class = "intro">Because pTet is leaky,</span> all cells express GFP. It can be difficult to tell if the pTet has been induced and to <br />
what extent, however, plates containing the corresponding concentrations of doxycycline as used in FACS <br />
clearly shows an induction.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Duplicates of plates with doxycycline</span> were made with 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 <br />
ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline. On the plates, TetR-pTet construct with LVA, TetR-pTet <br />
construct with no LVA, pTet-GFP without TetR construct and wild-type were plated. <br><br><br />
</p><br />
<div><br />
<table frame="box" rules="rows" style="width:800px"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px"></td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 0 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 50 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 100 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px">First series of plating of <br>TetR-GFP at different concentrations of doxycycline<br><br><br><br><br><br><br></td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/2d/2014SDUexpressions5.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 0ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/2f/2014SDUexpressions2.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/5d/2014SDUexpressions6.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 50ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/cb/2014SDUexpressions3.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/17/2014SDUexpressions7.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 100ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/a/a1/2014SDUexpressions4.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px">200 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">500 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">1000 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">2000 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/d0/2014SDUexpressions12.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 200ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/1a/2014SDUexpressions8.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/2014SDUexpressions13.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 500ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/17/2014SDUexpressions9.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/37/2014SDUexpressions14.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 1000ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/57/2014SDUexpressions10.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c3/2014SDUexpressions15.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 2000ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/2014SDUexpressions11.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
<span class = "intro">Table 1:</span> Plating of E. coli MG1655 K12 expressing different constructs on plates containing a varying concentration of doxycycline: GFP=BBa_K136030, GFP regulated by the constitutively active p(tetR). tetR no LVA=BBa_K1475005, GFP controlled by a constitutively expressed tetR repressor without the LVA-tag and the p(tetR) promoter. tetR +LVA=BBa_K1475005, GFP controlled by a constitutively expressed tetR repressor with the LVA-tag and the p(tetR) promoter. The experiment was done in duplicates but the second line of results was omitted from this wiki because the results showed the same, please see the parts registry page for all results: <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475005">BBa_K1475005</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475006">BBa_K1475006</a>.<br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The plating of TetR-GFP constructs</span> on plates with doxycycline shows that GFP is expressed at different <br />
levels at different concentrations of doxycycline. Expression increases with an increase in doxycycline <br />
concentrations. The plates also show that GFP, to some extent, is expressed without doxycycline. This <br />
indicates that the Tet promoter is leaky and is not fully inhibited by TetR as it was also seen from the FACS <br />
results. Furthermore, the plating assay proves that the bricks are functional, however slowly responding to induction (continuous induction over 24 hours compared to induction over 1 hour)<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">To see how the growth</span> of the bacteria expressing GFP controlled by pTet are affected, we measured <br />
OD over 8 hours. We measured OD on triplicates of bacteria with an empty vector, pTet-GFP, pTet (no LVA)-<br />
GFP, pTet (+LVA)-GFP and a wild-type.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:800px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/cb/2014SDUDouble_growth_curve_-_revideret_daniel-01-01.PNG" style="width:800px" /><br />
Figure 3: Growth curve of bacteria expressing pTet (+LVA)-GFP, pTet (no LVA)-GFP, pTet-GFP, an empty vector and a wild-type.<br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">Figure 3 shows the growth</span> of bacteria expressing GFP constitutiely, are attenuated the most with most <br />
comprised growth. Removing the LVA tag from TetR also has a negative effect on the growth of the <br />
bacteria. This could be because TetR without LVA stresses the metabolism of the bacteria more than TetR<br />
with LVA or because LVA tags TetR for degradation and thus TetR with LVA stresses the cell less than TetR <br />
without LVA.</p><br><br />
<br />
<h4>Characterization of lacI/plac</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">2013 SDU-Denmark iGEM team proved</span> that the natural lac inhibitor has a faster respondance on induction <br />
by IPTG, than lacI with LVA (<a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour52">Link</a>). As for pTet, we wanted <br />
to test if the lac promoter could be fine-tuned. Due to the 2013 SDU iGEM team, we used the lacI without <br />
LVA. We wanted to ligate a constitutive promoter-lacI (no LVA) with plac-GFP. This was done successfully <br />
and can be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475007">Bba_K1475007</a>. Due to time constrains, we were never able to characterize this part and compare it to pTet.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
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{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour50Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour502014-10-18T02:38:18Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<html><br />
<h3>Policy and practices</h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." – <b>Nelson Mandela</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Policy and practices has been</span> a major part of our project because Edible coli has many ethical issues. We want to raise awareness about GMO legislation, as well as get better knowledge about the general opinion on eating <br />
bacteria. To achieve this we have made a questionnaire, presented our project, published an article in the university newspaper and organized a Microorganism Quiz Night.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">To get an even deeper</span> and completely comprehensive discussion, one of our team members traveled to<br />
Ghana and interviewed two scientists with expert knowledge on nutrition in Ghana. <br />
Additionally, we have made a business plan with which we present a possible final product idea. And last but <br />
not least we have made a video adventure that is both entertaining and educational. Try it out, and learn more <br />
about bacteria and GMOs <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour55">here.</a><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Questionaire</h4><br />
<img align="right" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b2/2014SDUpolicy5.png" style="width:400px" /><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">In mid summer we made</span> a questionnaire, which was accessible for 2 months. It was only meant to be <br />
answered by people connected to a University, as we assume that people with an educational <br />
background have the possibility to rule on various issues.<br />
The questionnaire explained GMOs for the sake of the participants who had not heard of it.<br />
The purpose of the questionnaire was supposed to give us a better idea of how much people know about GMO and what the common opinion is about these organisms. Furthermore we want to know if people see any problems with eating <br />
bacteria.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The questionnaire was answered by</span> 271 people from Denmark, the United Kingdom, Ghana, Singapore and<br />
Argentina. We didn't use the data from Singapore as they were only four survey participants. Most of the survey participants were between 19-25 years old and most of them had a natural science or <br />
health science as a field of study. In the end ofour questionnaire, we asked for elaborations of the ethical aspects regarding our project. Some of these are displayed as speech bubbles accross the wiki section.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">To see all received data,</span> <a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/32/Questionaire_data.xls">click here.</a> To see the questionnaire, <a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/51/Questionaire.pdf">click here.</a><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Denmark</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We received 152 answers</span> from people living in Denmark.<br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:800px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/7a/2014SDUpolicy1.png" style="width:800px" /><br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">The data seen above shows</span> that more than 82 % of the survey participants had heard about GMO before and<br />
would eat bacteria if it would be nourishing to them. The data show a tendency of open mindedness regarding GMO as a food source in Denmark.<br><br />
We received very different answers to the question: <i>Could GMO help reduce malnutrition in your country?</i><br />
Many of the survey participants pointed out, that malnourishment isn't a problem in Denmark, which might explain, why most people answered <i>Maybe</i> and <i>I don't think so.</i><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>United Kingdom</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We received 22 answers</span> from people living in United Kingdom.<br />
<br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:800px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/a/ad/2014SDUpolicy2.png" style="width:800px" /><br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">All survey participants from the United Kingdom</span> had heard about GMO before. Please note that the surveys were<br />
completed during an iGEM Meet-up, which means that all asked people were familiar with synthetic biology. <br />
72.7% would eat bacteria, when it is nourishing, but only 22.7% think it could help reduce malnutrition in <br />
the United Kingdom. Based on this low percentage we wonder if many of the survey participants don't regard malnourishment a problem in the UK. <br />
The answers from Denmark and the UK were difficult to interpret and conclude from, due to the fact that<br />
both countries primarily answered <i>maybe</i> and <i>I don’t think so</i> to the question: <i>Could GMO help reduce <br />
malnutrition in your country?</i><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Ghana</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We received 36 answers</span> from people living in Ghana.<br />
<br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:800px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/61/2014SDUpolicy3.png" style="width:800px" /><br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">As in Denmark and the UK,</span> most of the survey participants had heard about GMO before, and most of them would eat<br />
bacteria, if it would be nourishing. But the percentages of people who answered <i>Yes</i> to both questions <br />
are clearly lower, compared to Denmark and the UK. On the other hand, 27.8% of the survey participants from Ghana <br />
answered <i>Yes</i> to the question: <i>Could GMO help reduce malnutrition in your country?</i>, compared with 14.4% <br />
in Denmark, and 22.7% in the UK. Furthermore, 41.7% answered <i>Maybe</i>, which suggests that people in Ghana <br />
are very open-minded towards GMO as a way to reduce malnnourishment.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Argentina</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We received 49 answers</span> from people living in Argentina.<br />
<br><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:800px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/98/2014SDUpolicy4.png" style="width:800px" /><br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">44.9% of the survey participants from Argentina</span> had heard about GMO before which is the lowest percentage of <i>Yes</i> answers among the countries. In contrast 83.7% would eat a nourishing bacteria which would be a GMO. We <br />
wonder if the survey participants were aware of this.<br><br />
The survey participants from Argentina also had the highest percentage of <i>Yes</i> answers to the question regarding if GMO could help reduce malnutrition in Argentina. 26.5% answered <i>Yes</i>, and 44.9% answered <i>Maybe</i>. Only 4.1% answered <br />
<i>No</i>, compared with 10.5%, 9.1% and 11.1% in Denmark, the United Kingdom and Ghana respectively. The data <br />
suggests that people in Argentina are very open-minded towards GMO as a help to reduce malnutrition.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Conclusion</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The questionnaire gave us</span> a good idea of the general opinion about GMO and the ethical issue of eating bacteria. It shows that most people, are very open-minded towards GMO as a food source and as a way to fight malnourishment, which contradicted with our expectations. Furthermore the data showed us, that most people with a connection to a university had heard about GMO before, but most of these people came from Europe. We think that this might be because people in Europe are more used to being critical towards new initiatives.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Regarding the question:</span> <i>Would you eat a bacteria, that could provide the optimal quantity of nutrition you need?</i>, we wondered if all survey participants were aware of the fact that a nourishing bacteria doesn't exist, and that it requires genetical modification to create one.<br><br />
We saw no clear tendency with the question: <i>Could GMO help reduce malnutrition in your country?</i> The answers of the individual survey participants were very diverse, but we can conclude that more people from Ghana and Argentina see a potential of GMO as a help to fight malnourishment in their country. This could be due to the fact that people in Ghana and Argentina are presented with undernourishment in their own country as an everyday crude reality.<br><br />
But as mentioned above, some survey participants pointed out, that they don’t see a problem with malnourishment in Denmark.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">It is important to keep</span> an eye on what type of people answered our questionnaire. We saw that many participants had a natural science or social science background and many were in the same age range. Their educational background might have introduced them to GMO before, so that they have a more scientific point of view compared to people with different educations. Furthermore, younger people might be more open-minded towards new technology compared to older people. <br><br />
In fact, we can´t be sure that only people with connection to a university have filled out our questionnaire. We asked that only those people would answer the questionnaire, but it was freely available to all. All data from the UK were answered by iGEM participants. These people have a similar educational background and are probably all interested in synthetic biology, which often includes knowledge about GMO. It is possible that the data are more uniform because of this. <br><br />
People who don´t know much about bacteria and GMO might have an unconsciously negative attitude towards the words as most people have negative connotations, i.e. all associations a person has about a word. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Unfortunately, we couldn´t use</span> some of the data, as the answers were unclear. The questions could have been designed differently, with fewer and simpler response options. This might have lead to a clearer result.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Overall, we got too few responses</span> and a too little diversity of participants, but the results obtained gave an insight into the opinion of the people. <br />
<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
</html><br />
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{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour53Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour532014-10-18T02:14:26Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<h3>Business plan - Nutrition Generator</h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">Give a man some food, and you feed him for a day, give a man a Nutrition Generator and you feed<br />
him for a lifetime</font><br />
</p><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli is a fantastic bacteria</span> that can be used for many purposes and benefit many people. However, it <br />
can be difficult to understand the basic idea behind the innovative bacteria without explaining it with a final <br />
product. Therefore, we have written a business plan, describing one of the many possible end products <br />
Edible coli can be used for. This business plan explains the implementations of our idea by outlining the <br />
amazing food tank: Nutrition Generator.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Please note that the GMO</span> (Gene Modified Organism) legislation does not allow the production and <br />
marketing of a Nutrition Generator, as it is not allowed to sell edible gene modified <br />
<span class="sourceReference">bacteria.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the <br />
traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products <br />
produced from genetically modified organisms and amending Directive 2001/18/EC (Official Journal L 268, <br />
18/10/2003 P. 0024 – 0028)<br />
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/animalnutrition/labelling/Reg_1829_2003_en.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
The ethical issues about the GMO legislation are discussed on our <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour52" target="_blank">ethics page</a>. <br />
This business plan describes a fictional product idea and not a fully developed and legally tested product.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Nutrition Generator</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is</span> an innovative and revolutionary tank that converts biological material that is not<br />
degradable by humans into food rich on protein and fat.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Every day people die</span> as a consequence of undernourishment. This is mostly seen in Africa, South-East Asia <br />
and Latin <br />
<span class="sourceReference">America.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<br />
<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
In the early childhood chronic undernourishment can lead to underdevelopment of the brain, a weak immune system, and <br />
<span class="sourceReference"> death.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition.<br />
<a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
Malnourished people need proteins and fatty acids, which the available resources in low-income countries, <br />
as for example Ghana, Congo and India, cannot cover for every single <br />
<span class="sourceReference">inhabitant.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook.<br />
<a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
Nutrition Generator can solve problems with undernourishment and in addition be used all over the world <br />
as a supplement for malnourished people, vegans and vegetarians by supplying the right amounts of essential and <br />
nonessential amino acids, as well as essential &omega;3 and &omega;6 fatty acids.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>The product idea</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9e/2014SDUbusinessplan1.jpg" title="Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the tank."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9e/2014SDUbusinessplan1.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the tank.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is constructed of</span> two tanks, one bacteria tank and one cellulose tank. The two tanks are connected with a bacterial flow tube, and a bacteria reflow tube with a pump helping the flow. The tubes are equipped with a safety closure system, so that bacteria can only be transferred when <br />
needed, and contamination risk is minimized.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The bacteria tank contains Edible coli,</span> a gene modified bacteria that expresses huge amounts of proteins<br />
and fatty acids by using cellulose as a carbon source. It is not possible to open the bacteria tank, which avoids <br />
contamination by other bacteria or fungi. The tank is designed to contain Edible coli from the beginning, <br />
which will reproduce, so that it is not required to change or add new bacteria at any time. Furthermore the <br />
tank will contain a pH indicator and a thermometer, so it's easy to keep an eye on and maintain the <br />
optimal growth conditions of the bacteria.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The cellulose tank is much larger</span> than the bacteria tank. It has a lid in the top, where cellulose containing<br />
materials, e.g. plant material, can be added, and through which the tank can be cleaned. In the <br />
bottom of the tank there is a tap where the final product can be tapped.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The cellulose tank functions as</span> an autoclave when closed and heated. For this purpose the tank has a valve, with<br />
which the pressure can be regulated.<br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/77/2014SDUbusinessplan2.png" title="Figure 2: Process diagram of Nutrition Generator."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/05/2014SDUbusinessplan3.png" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 2: Process diagram of Nutrition Generator.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">To start the expression</span> of proteins and fatty acids by Edible coli, a small amount of the bacteria is<br />
transferred from the bacteria tank to the cellulose tank. Then cellulose is added into the cellulose tank <br />
through the lid. The bacteria will now begin to degrade cellulose and express &omega;3 and &omega;6 fatty-acid and <br />
OneProt, a protein that contains all the essential amino acids in the right ratio, as well as all the <br />
nonessential amino acids. After a while the bacteria is autoclaved, so the end product does not contain <br />
any living bacteria.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Before the final product</span> can be tapped, a small amount must be pumped through the bacteria reflow tube <br />
into the bacteria tank. The final product functions as media for the living bacteria in the bacteria tank. <br />
Now the final product can be tapped and enjoyed. <br />
The Nutrition Generator is available as both electric and non-electric version, for which the non-electric version <br />
requires heat energy from e.g. a campfire. Specialized staff is only needed when the product is set up. <br />
Afterwards the use of the product is very simple and even children can operate the tank. The wear and tear <br />
that might appear after long term use can be fixed with simple handyman skills.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Edible coli - The core product</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli is a non-pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i></span> bacteria that is genetically modified. The bacteria is<br />
designed with a plasmid, containing the genes for OneProt and &omega;3 and &omega;6 fatty acid biosynthesis. The <br />
promoters are activated in the presence of cellulose. <br />
OneProt is a protein that includes all the essential and non essential amino acids in the right ratio <br />
recommended by WHO (World Health Organization). <br />
For those wanting Edible coli with taste, the bacteria is also available with a high expressed lemon flavor <br />
gene.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Safety</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is a safe</span> and closed system and without any risk of bacterial infection. <br />
When Edible coli is transferred from the bacteria tank into the cellulose tank, the lid and tap are closed. <br />
Furthermore, before the end product is tapped from the tank, the entire contents of the cellulose tank is <br />
autoclaved, a process that kill bacteria and other micro-organisms. In that way, no living bacteria will ever <br />
escape out of the tank.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Customer base - who is supposed to buy the product</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Charitable organizations are the main customers</span of the Nutrition Generator. They buy it for poor<br />
undernourished people who aren’t able to pay it themselves, as the organizations already have <br />
a connection to people of need. <br />
To get the product sold to charitable organizations it is important to draw attention to the many benefits <br />
of the product and especially to the fact, that the Nutrition Generator can save many lives with a single <br />
investment.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is,</span> however, not only useful for undernourished poor people; all people in the world<br />
can benefit from the protein and fat rich product of the tank, and therefore also private consumers, public <br />
institutions and many more can be customers.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Key partners - with whom do we work</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Our main key partners</span> will be charity organizations, as these have a close connection to trouble spots in<br />
developing countries, as well as a good contact to supplier and social helpers. <br />
In addition we will work together with engineers, who can help us design and develop the product. <br />
At least specialized councils can help us solve ethical issues that might emerge.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Consumer - who is supposed to use the product</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">All people in the entire world</span> are possible consumers of the Nutrition Generator, but as long as people have<br />
access to other food sources, we don’t expect that they will consume GMO produced food. <br />
The target group is undernourished people in developing countries who don’t have the money and access <br />
to protein and fat rich food. But also vegans and vegetarians can benefit from this product, as it is a very <br />
good alternative protein and fat source, for those who don't eat animal products.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Demography - where shall our product be used</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The target place is</span> where people suffer from undernourishment. As mentioned above Africa, South-East<br />
Asia and Latin America are examples of such areas, where many inhabitants are poor and undernourished. <br />
The Nutrition Generator may with advantage also be used in crisis areas, e.g. war zones or areas <br />
affected by natural disasters. <br />
Furthermore, the product is also a great food source for private homes in high-income countries, where <br />
people can use the food product as a supplement to the diet.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Transport - how will our product reach the consumer</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To meet the main objective</span> of the Nutrition Generator, to provide a food source for poor and undernourished<br />
people in low-income countries, we need the help of charitable organizations that deliver and set up our <br />
product. Charities often send food and other items to developing countries, and as they know how to do so, <br />
they are our perfect partners in this field. <br />
Along with the product, there must also be a facilitator present, who can set up the product, and instruct <br />
consumers to the use and application of the product.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Funding - who will pay production and costs?</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The production of the</span> first Nutrition Generators needs funding by donation, as the target consumers are <br />
not able to pay for the product. We expect that the product will be a great success so that, after a while, <br />
also well-nourished people, who have access to many different food sources, will buy the product and thus <br />
contribute to the production costs.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Competitors</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is the first</span> product of its kind and there are no similar products, but products within the same category exist. The international marked offers a wide variety of protein powders that provide <br />
the consumer with many nutritional proteins. They are great products, but we don’t see any potential for this to <br />
be a food source for undernourished poor people. Protein powders are produced synthetically and must be <br />
available in big amounts to cover the daily needs and a new quantity must be delivered very often. It is impossible to deliver protein powder to all undernourished people <br />
in the world, as there a too many (805 millions in <br />
<span class="sourceReference">2012-2014</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span>), and it would be very expensive. <br />
Furthermore, protein powder needs to be dissolved in a liquid media, which is often insufficient for poor <br />
people.<br><br />
Our OneProt protein, which is produced in the Nutrition Generator, is produced by bacteria that can <br />
reproduce themselves. A Nutrition Generator only need to be delivered once and will afterwards produce <br />
protein and fat rich food, by cheap and easy accessible materials.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Marketing - our promises to the costumer</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator can supply</span> the consumer with proteins and fats, food sources that all people need. Everyone can be a consumer of the product, and it is usable with and without electricity, which <br />
gives the product multiple applications. <br><br />
We promise our customers a sustainable product that has a very low cost of operation by the use of <br />
materials that are non-degradable by humans and available all over the world. <br />
Furthermore the use is safe, as no living bacteria will ever escape from the tank, and as the media is <br />
autoclaved before the product is eaten. <br><br />
We see a great potential for the Nutrition Generator, an easy usable and cheap product that can save many <br />
lives.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
</html><br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour53Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour532014-10-18T02:14:05Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h3>Business plan - Nutrition Generator</h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">Give a man some food, and you feed him for a day, give a man a Nutrition Generator and you feed<br />
him for a lifetime</font><br />
</p><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli is a fantastic bacteria</span> that can be used for many purposes and benefit many people. However, it <br />
can be difficult to understand the basic idea behind the innovative bacteria without explaining it with a final <br />
product. Therefore, we have written a business plan, describing one of the many possible end products <br />
Edible coli can be used for. This business plan explains the implementations of our idea by outlining the <br />
amazing food tank: Nutrition Generator.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Please note that the GMO</span> (Gene Modified Organism) legislation does not allow the production and <br />
marketing of a Nutrition Generator, as it is not allowed to sell edible gene modified <br />
<span class="sourceReference">bacteria.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the <br />
traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products <br />
produced from genetically modified organisms and amending Directive 2001/18/EC (Official Journal L 268, <br />
18/10/2003 P. 0024 – 0028)<br />
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/animalnutrition/labelling/Reg_1829_2003_en.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
The ethical issues about the GMO legislation are discussed on our <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour52" target="_blank">ethics page</a>. <br />
This business plan describes a fictional product idea and not a fully developed and legally tested product.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Nutrition Generator</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is</span> an innovative and revolutionary tank that converts biological material that is not<br />
degradable by humans into food rich on protein and fat.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Every day people die</span> as a consequence of undernourishment. This is mostly seen in Africa, South-East Asia <br />
and Latin <br />
<span class="sourceReference">America.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<br />
<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
In the early childhood chronic undernourishment can lead to underdevelopment of the brain, a weak immune system, and <br />
<span class="sourceReference"> death.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition.<br />
<a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
Malnourished people need proteins and fatty acids, which the available resources in low-income countries, <br />
as for example Ghana, Congo and India, cannot cover for every single <br />
<span class="sourceReference">inhabitant.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook.<br />
<a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
Nutrition Generator can solve problems with undernourishment and in addition be used all over the world <br />
as a supplement for malnourished people, vegans and vegetarians by supplying the right amounts of essential and <br />
nonessential amino acids, as well as essential &omega;3 and &omega;6 fatty acids.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>The product idea</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9e/2014SDUbusinessplan1.jpg" title="Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the tank."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9e/2014SDUbusinessplan1.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the tank.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is constructed of</span> two tanks, one bacteria tank and one cellulose tank. The two tanks are connected with a bacterial flow tube, and a bacteria reflow tube with a pump helping the flow. The tubes are equipped with a safety closure system, so that bacteria can only be transferred when <br />
needed, and contamination risk is minimized.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The bacteria tank contains Edible coli,</span> a gene modified bacteria that expresses huge amounts of proteins<br />
and fatty acids by using cellulose as a carbon source. It is not possible to open the bacteria tank, which avoids <br />
contamination by other bacteria or fungi. The tank is designed to contain Edible coli from the beginning, <br />
which will reproduce, so that it is not required to change or add new bacteria at any time. Furthermore the <br />
tank will contain a pH indicator and a thermometer, so it's easy to keep an eye on and maintain the <br />
optimal growth conditions of the bacteria.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The cellulose tank is much larger</span> than the bacteria tank. It has a lid in the top, where cellulose containing<br />
materials, e.g. plant material, can be added, and through which the tank can be cleaned. In the <br />
bottom of the tank there is a tap where the final product can be tapped.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The cellulose tank functions as</span> an autoclave when closed and heated. For this purpose the tank has a valve, with<br />
which the pressure can be regulated.<br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/77/2014SDUbusinessplan2.png" title="Figure 2: Process diagram of Nutrition Generator."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/05/2014SDUbusinessplan3.png" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 2: Process diagram of Nutrition Generator.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">To start the expression</span> of proteins and fatty acids by Edible coli, a small amount of the bacteria is<br />
transferred from the bacteria tank to the cellulose tank. Then cellulose is added into the cellulose tank <br />
through the lid. The bacteria will now begin to degrade cellulose and express &omega;3 and &omega;6 fatty-acid and <br />
OneProt, a protein that contains all the essential amino acids in the right ratio, as well as all the <br />
nonessential amino acids. After a while the bacteria is autoclaved, so the end product does not contain <br />
any living bacteria.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Before the final product</span> can be tapped, a small amount must be pumped through the bacteria reflow tube <br />
into the bacteria tank. The final product functions as media for the living bacteria in the bacteria tank. <br />
Now the final product can be tapped and enjoyed. <br />
The Nutrition Generator is available as both electric and non-electric version, for which the non-electric version <br />
requires heat energy from e.g. a campfire. Specialized staff is only needed when the product is set up. <br />
Afterwards the use of the product is very simple and even children can operate the tank. The wear and tear <br />
that might appear after long term use can be fixed with simple handyman skills.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Edible coli - The core product</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli is a non-pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i></span> bacteria that is genetically modified. The bacteria is<br />
designed with a plasmid, containing the genes for OneProt and &omega;3 and &omega;6 fatty acid biosynthesis. The <br />
promoters are activated in the presence of cellulose. <br />
OneProt is a protein that includes all the essential and non essential amino acids in the right ratio <br />
recommended by WHO (World Health Organization). <br />
For those wanting Edible coli with taste, the bacteria is also available with a high expressed lemon flavor <br />
gene.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Safety</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is a safe</span> and closed system and without any risk of bacterial infection. <br />
When Edible coli is transferred from the bacteria tank into the cellulose tank, the lid and tap are closed. <br />
Furthermore, before the end product is tapped from the tank, the entire contents of the cellulose tank is <br />
autoclaved, a process that kill bacteria and other micro-organisms. In that way, no living bacteria will ever <br />
escape out of the tank.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Customer base - who is supposed to buy the product</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Charitable organizations are the> main customers</span of the Nutrition Generator. They buy it for poor<br />
undernourished people who aren’t able to pay it themselves, as the organizations already have <br />
a connection to people of need. <br />
To get the product sold to charitable organizations it is important to draw attention to the many benefits <br />
of the product and especially to the fact, that the Nutrition Generator can save many lives with a single <br />
investment.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is,</span> however, not only useful for undernourished poor people; all people in the world<br />
can benefit from the protein and fat rich product of the tank, and therefore also private consumers, public <br />
institutions and many more can be customers.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Key partners - with whom do we work</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Our main key partners</span> will be charity organizations, as these have a close connection to trouble spots in<br />
developing countries, as well as a good contact to supplier and social helpers. <br />
In addition we will work together with engineers, who can help us design and develop the product. <br />
At least specialized councils can help us solve ethical issues that might emerge.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Consumer - who is supposed to use the product</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">All people in the entire world</span> are possible consumers of the Nutrition Generator, but as long as people have<br />
access to other food sources, we don’t expect that they will consume GMO produced food. <br />
The target group is undernourished people in developing countries who don’t have the money and access <br />
to protein and fat rich food. But also vegans and vegetarians can benefit from this product, as it is a very <br />
good alternative protein and fat source, for those who don't eat animal products.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Demography - where shall our product be used</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The target place is</span> where people suffer from undernourishment. As mentioned above Africa, South-East<br />
Asia and Latin America are examples of such areas, where many inhabitants are poor and undernourished. <br />
The Nutrition Generator may with advantage also be used in crisis areas, e.g. war zones or areas <br />
affected by natural disasters. <br />
Furthermore, the product is also a great food source for private homes in high-income countries, where <br />
people can use the food product as a supplement to the diet.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Transport - how will our product reach the consumer</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To meet the main objective</span> of the Nutrition Generator, to provide a food source for poor and undernourished<br />
people in low-income countries, we need the help of charitable organizations that deliver and set up our <br />
product. Charities often send food and other items to developing countries, and as they know how to do so, <br />
they are our perfect partners in this field. <br />
Along with the product, there must also be a facilitator present, who can set up the product, and instruct <br />
consumers to the use and application of the product.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Funding - who will pay production and costs?</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The production of the</span> first Nutrition Generators needs funding by donation, as the target consumers are <br />
not able to pay for the product. We expect that the product will be a great success so that, after a while, <br />
also well-nourished people, who have access to many different food sources, will buy the product and thus <br />
contribute to the production costs.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Competitors</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is the first</span> product of its kind and there are no similar products, but products within the same category exist. The international marked offers a wide variety of protein powders that provide <br />
the consumer with many nutritional proteins. They are great products, but we don’t see any potential for this to <br />
be a food source for undernourished poor people. Protein powders are produced synthetically and must be <br />
available in big amounts to cover the daily needs and a new quantity must be delivered very often. It is impossible to deliver protein powder to all undernourished people <br />
in the world, as there a too many (805 millions in <br />
<span class="sourceReference">2012-2014</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span>), and it would be very expensive. <br />
Furthermore, protein powder needs to be dissolved in a liquid media, which is often insufficient for poor <br />
people.<br><br />
Our OneProt protein, which is produced in the Nutrition Generator, is produced by bacteria that can <br />
reproduce themselves. A Nutrition Generator only need to be delivered once and will afterwards produce <br />
protein and fat rich food, by cheap and easy accessible materials.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Marketing - our promises to the costumer</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator can supply</span> the consumer with proteins and fats, food sources that all people need. Everyone can be a consumer of the product, and it is usable with and without electricity, which <br />
gives the product multiple applications. <br><br />
We promise our customers a sustainable product that has a very low cost of operation by the use of <br />
materials that are non-degradable by humans and available all over the world. <br />
Furthermore the use is safe, as no living bacteria will ever escape from the tank, and as the media is <br />
autoclaved before the product is eaten. <br><br />
We see a great potential for the Nutrition Generator, an easy usable and cheap product that can save many <br />
lives.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
</html><br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/File:2014SDUbusinessplan3.pngFile:2014SDUbusinessplan3.png2014-10-18T02:10:52Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<div></div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/File:2014SDUbusinessplan2.pngFile:2014SDUbusinessplan2.png2014-10-18T02:10:42Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<div></div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour51Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour512014-10-18T01:12:42Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
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<html><br />
<h3> An expert opinion </h3><br />
<h4>Outreach in Ghana</h4><br />
<p><br />
<div class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:450px"><br />
<table><br />
<tr><br />
<td><p><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Facts about Ghana</font></b></p></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Geographic location:</font></b></td><br />
<td>Coastal country of West Africa</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Population:</font></b></td><br />
<td><span class="sourceReference"> 25,366,000</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: WHO African region: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countries/gha/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Population under 15 years:</font></b></td><br />
<td><span class="sourceReference">38.59 %</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Nutritional status of children:</font></b></td><br />
<td>28% are stunted, 9% wasted and 14% <span class="sourceReference"> underweight.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Diet:</font></b></td><br />
<td>Starchy roots, fruit and edible <span class="sourceReference"> grains.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Coverage needs (micronutrients and vitamins):</font></b></td><br />
<td>Primarily iodine and <span class="sourceReference"> vitamin A.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><b><font color="rgb(0,70,132)">Causes of mortality:</font></b></td><br />
<td>Bad access to health services, safe water and sanitation. High incidence of Malaria. <span class="sourceReference"> Malnutrition.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">When generating nutrition made of bacteria</span> our team pointed it's contribution to the considerable task of<br />
providing accurate nutrient to developing countries. The contradiction between a common opinion of how <br />
food is produced and finding a solution to obtaining food in the future has been a key issue to our <br />
project. Furthermore, the ethical and social aspects to our project are decisive to include.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This means that we have considered</span> what good research is. Good research includes the common opinion<br />
in society, and for this reason outreach in Ghana provided us with different standpoints to our <br />
project.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Interview with Dr. Yaa Difie-Osei:</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:320px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/22/2014SDUghana1.PNG" title="Dr. Yaa Difie-Osie from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/22/2014SDUghana1.PNG" style="width:320px" /><br />
Dr. Yaa Difie-Osie from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry,</span> Dr. Yaa Difie-Osei (Dr. Yaa), agreed to meet with our team member Anne, <br />
during her stay in the capital of Ghana, Accra, in August. The purpose was to talk about GMOs in relation <br />
to our Edible coli. The interview was held at the Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology <br />
at the University of Ghana in Legon. Dr. Yaa has previously worked at the university herself but is now retired <br />
from her position as lecturer. Dr. Yaa is still involved in <br />
the development of synthetic biology in Ghana as a member of the National Biosafety Committee of Ghana. <br />
The fact that Dr. Yaa has much experience regarding synthetic biology and at the same time is a member of <br />
the National Biosafety Committee makes her expertise significant to our project.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">When Dr. Yaa heard about</span> our iGEM project she expressed great interest and there was a clear <br />
understanding and acknowledgement of the concepts of iGEM. Dr. Yaa spoke very passionately of <br />
GMOs and made it clear that GMOs would be a considerable solution to malnutrition, which is a recurring <br />
motif in Ghana. As a member of the Safety Committee, Dr. Yaa had recently contributed to the approval of <br />
four GMO projects in Ghana. The four GMO projects include protein rich sweet potato and cotton with <br />
pesticides integrated into the genom (BT-cotton). The projects have got permits to do research but the research <br />
will be subject to strict rules concerning biosafety, management of risks in biochemistry and national <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> biosafety.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
A.A. Adenle et al.: Status of development, regulation and adoption of GM agriculture in Africa: Views and positions of stakeholder groups. Food Policy. 2013:43,159-166.<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919213001346" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
<span class="intro">Dr. Yaa Spoke of GMO</span> as an important step forward. The positive effects of GMOs related to farmers and the general population of Ghana were among others the following:<br><br><br />
<b>Farmers:</b><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Reduction of chemicals in farming</li><br />
<li>Improvement of health</li><br />
<li>Saving time for the farmers</li><br />
<li>Saving tractor fuel, in relation to Green House Gasses.</li><br />
</ul><br><br />
<br />
<b>General population:</b><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Nutritional balance</li><br />
<li>Prevention of children suffering from malnutrition</li><br />
<li>Improvement of health</li><br />
<li>Reduction of intolerance. As an example lactose intolerance was given, where GMO could be<br />
accommodated by producing milk containing lactase, which is an enzyme one lacks when <br />
lactose <br />
<span class="sourceReference"> intolerant</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Swallow, D.M.: Genetics of Lactase Persistence and Lactoseintolerance.<br />
Annu.Rev.Genet,2003.37:197-219.<br />
<a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143820" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span></li><br />
</ul><br><br />
<span class="intro">There is much focus on the fact</span> that child mortality has decreased due to improvement in<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> child health.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Child Mortality Estimates, 2014: Under-five mortality rate<br />
<a href="http://www.childmortality.org/index.php?r=site/graph&ID=GHA_Ghana" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
Meanwhile the nutritional status of children in Ghana still remains a <br />
<span class="sourceReference"> challenge.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance.<br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
<img align="right" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e4/2014SDUghana13.png" style="width:250px" /><br />
By introducing GMOs this issue could potentially be reduced. However, the ethical aspects of introducing <br />
GMOs as relief-aid for hunger or malnutrition must be subject to consideration, according to Dr. <br />
Yaa. Personally, Dr. Yaa did not think of GMO as unethical if the purpose was relief of hunger or <br />
malnutrition. However, it would be necessary to educate the population so that they would have a foundation for decisions regarding the use of GMOs as a nutrition source.<br />
Dr. Yaa mentioned the importance of considering indications producing genetically modified<br />
organism. The hypothetical GMO should have relevance in a way that promises improvement of lifestyle or <br />
brings good quality to something.<br />
Furthermore, it would be necessary to demonstrate the safety of the GMO. This would include risk <br />
assessments such as inspection of the organism when separated from its natural surroundings. It would <br />
additionally be crucial that the commercial releases were informative so that the consumers would receive <br />
the essential information.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">According to Dr Yaa</span> the objections to GMOs seen from a religious point of view could be a problem in the<br />
beginning but it would not persist. Consequently, development of GMOs would entail that the genes, which <br />
were used to modify the organisms, should be picked with concern. For instance, genes from a pig would <br />
cause a revolt coming from the religious community.<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4>Interview with Prof. George Armah</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:320px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/50/2014SDUghana2.PNG" title="Professor George Armah (on the left) from the Noguchi memorial institute for medical research and Anne Katrine Kurtzhals (on the right) from our iGEM team."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/50/2014SDUghana2.PNG" style="width:320px" /><br />
Professor George Armah (on the left) from the Noguchi memorial institute for medical research and Anne Katrine Kurtzhals (on the right) from our iGEM team.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Professor George Armah</span> (Prof. Armah) was head of the Electron Microscopy & Histopathology department <br />
at the Nuguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon. Currently Prof. Armah <br />
is the Master of Commonwealth Hall, University of Ghana, Legon.<br />
Prof. Armah has a lot of expert knowledge about the health profile of the Ghanaians as well as the condition <br />
of life in Ghana. For this reason, Prof. Armah was an interesting scientist to interview in connection with <br />
applications of Edible coli in malnourished countries.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah said that</span> he believe that the Edible coli could have potential in Ghana. The main issue would be to<br />
introduce the product as a new source of nutrition. According to Prof. Armah it would be crucial to include<br />
the Edible coli in the Ghanaian gastronomy. He sees it as unlikely that people will change their way of life. Therefore, GMOs should be incorporated into food such as sweet potato, rice etc.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah spoke of</span> two important aspects of malnutrition in Ghana:<br />
<ol><br />
<li>The spoilage of food was mentioned as an issue. In Ghana the access to food is not a<br />
problem. However, malnourishment is a persistent dilemma throughout the county. Depending on the geographical location, the people eat <br />
differently. In the southern part of Ghana, the population primarily eat fish and fufu. Fufu is a <br />
staple food made from the cassava plant and this is rich on carbohydrates. The population in the <br />
northern part of Ghana has lots of vegetables and chicken, and therefore they do not get the <br />
recommended ratio of &omega; fatty acids.</li><br />
<br />
<li>The second issue Prof. Armah spoke of was the traditional and cultural practices of Ghana. As mentioned,<br />
there are regional differences of food supply. Furthermore, human beings do not<br />
necessarily prioritize out of common sense but rather act in accordance with tradition and delight.</li><br />
</ol><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah illustrated his points with</span> the two aspects by giving examples from the northern part of Ghana. Traditionally children are forbidden to eat eggs, which is a contradiction to the fact that children particularly need good nutrition to encourage their <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> growth.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
The MAL-ED Network Investigators: The MAL-ED Study: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Approach to<br />
Understand the Relationship Between Enteric Pathogens, Malnutrition, Gut Physiology, Physical Growth, <br />
Cognitive Development, and Immune Responses in Infants and Children Up to 2 Years of Age in Resource-<br />
Poor Environments. Clin Infect Dis,2014:59(4),193-206.<br />
<a href="http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/suppl_4/S193.long#sec-28" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
This tradition was based on a general attitude about children becoming impertinent when they were given<br />
nutrient-rich food. Another example from the northern part of Ghana was that most men would rather sell a chicken instead<br />
of eating it with the intention of buying alcohol. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Prof. Armah refered to the problems</span> considering malnourishment as localized. Cultural and educational<br />
practices where mentioned as issues in relation to the application of GMOs. According to Prof. Armah the <br />
rural areas of Ghana did not take interest in synthetic biology due to the lack of education.<br />
Objections to the use of synthetic biology were not linked to religion or culture according <br />
to Prof. Armah. Thereby GMOs might not be rejected based on religious and social reasons, but on the fact that the population might not embrace a foreign initiative.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<div class="imageGallery alignCenter"><br />
<br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/80/2014SDUghana7.PNG" title="Woman selling water in Volta region."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/94/2014SDUghana12.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f2/2014SDUghana3.PNG" title="Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f8/2014SDUghana8.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUghana4.PNG" title="Nuguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/20/2014SDUghana9.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/41/2014SDUghana5.PNG" title="Local children at lake Bosuntwi."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/09/2014SDUghana10.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/48/2014SDUghana6.PNG" title="Market in Kumasi, Ghana."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/52/2014SDUghana11.PNG"></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Pictures from Ghana.<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
</html><br />
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{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour53Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour532014-10-18T00:34:50Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<h3>Business plan - Nutrition Generator</h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">Give a man some food, and you feed him for a day, give a man a Nutrition Generator and you feed<br />
him for a lifetime</font><br />
</p><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli is a</span> fantastic bacteria that can be used for many purposes and benefit many people. However, it <br />
can be difficult to understand the basic idea behind the innovative bacteria without explaining it with a final <br />
product. Therefore, we have written a business plan, describing one of the many possible end products <br />
Edible coli can be used for. This business plan explains the implementations of our idea by outlining the <br />
amazing food tank: Nutrition Generator.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Please note that the</span> GMO (Gene Modified Organism) legislation does not allow the production and <br />
marketing of a Nutrition Generator, as it is not allowed to sell edible gene modified <br />
<span class="sourceReference">bacteria.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the <br />
traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products <br />
produced from genetically modified organisms and amending Directive 2001/18/EC (Official Journal L 268, <br />
18/10/2003 P. 0024 – 0028)<br />
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/animalnutrition/labelling/Reg_1829_2003_en.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
The ethical issues about the GMO legislation are discussed on our <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour52" target="_blank">ethics page</a>. <br />
This business plan describes a fictional product idea and not a fully developed and legally tested product.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Nutrition Generator</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is an</span> innovative and revolutionary tank that converts biological material that is not<br />
degradable by humans into food rich on protein and fat.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Every day people die</span> as a consequence of undernourishment. This is mostly seen in Africa, South-East Asia <br />
and Latin <br />
<span class="sourceReference">America.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<br />
<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
In the early childhood chronic undernourishment can lead to underdevelopment of the brain, a weak immune system, and <br />
<span class="sourceReference"> death.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition.<br />
<a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
Malnourished people need proteins and fatty acids, which the available resources in low-income countries, <br />
as for example Ghana, Congo and India, cannot cover for every single <br />
<span class="sourceReference">inhabitant.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook.<br />
<a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
Nutrition Generator can solve problems with undernourishment and in addition be used all over the world <br />
as a supplement for malnourished people, vegans and vegetarians by supplying the right amounts of essential and <br />
nonessential amino acids, as well as essential &omega;3 and &omega;6 fatty acids.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>The product idea</h4><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9e/2014SDUbusinessplan1.jpg" title="Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the tank."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9e/2014SDUbusinessplan1.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the tank.<br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is constructed</span> of by two tanks, one bacteria tank and one cellulose tank. The two tanks are connected with a bacterial flow tube, and a bacteria reflow tube with a pump helping the flow. The tubes are equipped with a safety closure system, so that bacteria can only be transferred when <br />
needed, and contamination risk is minimized.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The bacteria tank contains</span> Edible coli, a gene modified bacteria that expresses huge amounts of proteins<br />
and fatty acids by using cellulose as a carbon source. It is not possible to open the bacteria tank, which avoids <br />
contamination by other bacteria or fungi. The tank is designed to contain Edible coli from the beginning, <br />
which will reproduce, so that it is not required to change or add new bacteria at any time. Furthermore the <br />
tank will contain a pH indicator and a thermometer, so it's easy to keep an eye on and maintain the <br />
optimal growth conditions of the bacteria.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The cellulose tank is</span> much larger than the bacteria tank. It has a lid in the top, where cellulose containing<br />
materials, e.g. plant material, can be added, and through which the tank can be cleaned. In the <br />
bottom of the tank there is a tap where the final product can be tapped.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The cellulose tank functions</span> as an autoclave when closed and heated. For this purpose the tank has a valve, with<br />
which the pressure can be regulated.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">To start the expression</span> of proteins and fatty acids by Edible coli, a small amount of the bacteria is<br />
transferred from the bacteria tank to the cellulose tank. Then cellulose is added into the cellulose tank <br />
through the lid. The bacteria will now begin to degrade cellulose and express &omega;3 and &omega;6 fatty-acid and <br />
OneProt, a protein that contains all the essential amino acids in the right ratio, as well as all the <br />
nonessential amino acids. After a while the bacteria is autoclaved, so the end product does not contain <br />
any living bacteria.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Before the final product</span> can be tapped, a small amount must be pumped through the bacteria reflow tube <br />
into the bacteria tank. The final product functions as media for the living bacteria in the bacteria tank. <br />
Now the final product can be tapped and enjoyed. <br />
The Nutrition Generator is available as both electric and non-electric version, for which the non-electric version <br />
requires heat energy from e.g. a campfire. Specialized staff is only needed when the product is set up. <br />
Afterwards the use of the product is very simple and even children can operate the tank. The wear and tear <br />
that might appear after long term use can be fixed with simple handyman skills.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Edible coli - The core product</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli is a non-pathogenic</span> <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria that is genetically modified. The bacteria is<br />
designed with a plasmid, containing the genes for OneProt and &omega;3 and &omega;6 fatty acid biosynthesis. The <br />
promoters are activated in the presence of cellulose. <br />
OneProt is a protein that includes all the essential and non essential amino acids in the right ratio <br />
recommended by WHO (World Health Organization). <br />
For those wanting Edible coli with taste, the bacteria is also available with a high expressed lemon flavor <br />
gene.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Safety</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is a</span> safe and closed system and without any risk of bacterial infection. <br />
When Edible coli is transferred from the bacteria tank into the cellulose tank, the lid and tap are closed. <br />
Furthermore, before the end product is tapped from the tank, the entire contents of the cellulose tank is <br />
autoclaved, a process that kill bacteria and other micro-organisms. In that way, no living bacteria will ever <br />
escape out of the tank.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Customer base - who is supposed to buy the product</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Charitable organizations are the</span> main customers of the Nutrition Generator. They buy it for poor<br />
undernourished people who aren’t able to pay it themselves, as the organizations already have <br />
a connection to people of need. <br />
To get the product sold to charitable organizations it is important to draw attention to the many benefits <br />
of the product and especially to the fact, that the Nutrition Generator can save many lives with a single <br />
investment.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is, however,</span> not only useful for undernourished poor people; all people in the world<br />
can benefit from the protein and fat rich product of the tank, and therefore also private consumers, public <br />
institutions and many more can be customers.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Key partners - with whom do we work</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Our main key partners</span> will be charity organizations, as these have a close connection to trouble spots in<br />
developing countries, as well as a good contact to supplier and social helpers. <br />
In addition we will work together with engineers, who can help us design and develop the product. <br />
At least specialized councils can help us solve ethical issues that might emerge.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Consumer - who is supposed to use the product</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">All people in the</span> entire world are possible consumers of the Nutrition Generator, but as long as people have<br />
access to other food sources, we don’t expect that they will consume GMO produced food. <br />
The target group is undernourished people in developing countries who don’t have the money and access <br />
to protein and fat rich food. But also vegans and vegetarians can benefit from this product, as it is a very <br />
good alternative protein and fat source, for those who don't eat animal products.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Demography - where shall our product be used</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The target place is</span> where people suffer from undernourishment. As mentioned above Africa, South-East<br />
Asia and Latin America are examples of such areas, where many inhabitants are poor and undernourished. <br />
The Nutrition Generator may with advantage also be used in crisis areas, e.g. war zones or areas <br />
affected by natural disasters. <br />
Furthermore, the product is also a great food source for private homes in high-income countries, where <br />
people can use the food product as a supplement to the diet.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Transport - how will our product reach the consumer</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">To meet the main</span> objective of the Nutrition Generator, to provide a food source for poor and undernourished<br />
people in low-income countries, we need the help of charitable organizations that deliver and set up our <br />
product. Charities often send food and other items to developing countries, and as they know how to do so, <br />
they are our perfect partners in this field. <br />
Along with the product, there must also be a facilitator present, who can set up the product, and instruct <br />
consumers to the use and application of the product.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Funding - who will pay production and costs?</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The production of the</span> first Nutrition Generators needs funding by donation, as the target consumers are <br />
not able to pay for the product. We expect that the product will be a great success so that, after a while, <br />
also well-nourished people, who have access to many different food sources, will buy the product and thus <br />
contribute to the production costs.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Competitors</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator is the</span> first product of its kind and there are no similar products, but products within the same category exist. The international marked offers a wide variety of protein powders that provide <br />
the consumer with many nutritional proteins. They are great products, but we don’t see any potential for this to <br />
be a food source for undernourished poor people. Protein powders are produced synthetically and must be <br />
available in big amounts to cover the daily needs and a new quantity must be delivered very often. It is impossible to deliver protein powder to all undernourished people <br />
in the world, as there a too many (805 millions in <br />
<span class="sourceReference">2012-2014</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics.<br />
<a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span>), and it would be very expensive. <br />
Furthermore, protein powder needs to be dissolved in a liquid media, which is often insufficient for poor <br />
people.<br><br />
Our OneProt protein, which is produced in the Nutrition Generator, is produced by bacteria that can <br />
reproduce themselves. A Nutrition Generator only need to be delivered once and will afterwards produce <br />
protein and fat rich food, by cheap and easy accessible materials.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Marketing - our promises to the costumer</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The Nutrition Generator can supply</span> the consumer with proteins and fats, food sources that all people need. Everyone can be a consumer of the product, and it is usable with and without electricity, which <br />
gives the product multiple applications. <br><br />
We promise our customers a sustainable product that has a very low cost of operation by the use of <br />
materials that are non-degradable by humans and available all over the world. <br />
Furthermore the use is safe, as no living bacteria will ever escape from the tank, and as the media is <br />
autoclaved before the product is eaten. <br><br />
We see a great potential for the Nutrition Generator, an easy usable and cheap product that can save many <br />
lives.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
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{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour14Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour142014-10-17T23:51:55Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<h3> Attributions </h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"If you want to become a great chef, you have to work with great chefs" - <b>Gordon Ramsay</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4> <i>Sponsors</i> </h4><br />
<img class="alignRight" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/9/97/SDU2013_SDU_Logo.jpg" style="width:300px" /><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> our sponsor <a href="http://sdu.dk/">The University of Southern Denmark</a>, for<br />
funding our iGEM project. Especially we would like to thank <b>dean Henrik <br />
Pedersen</b> and the <b>Faculty of Science at University of Southern Denmark</b> - we are <br />
truly grateful for having this amazing possibility.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Laboratory support</h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> Associate Professor, Ph. D. <b>Jakob Møller Jensen</b> and<br />
the Microbiology group and also the rest of the <b>Department of Biochemistry <br />
and Molecular Biology</b> for letting us use their lab, providing laboratory <br />
equipment and helping us to do our work.<br />
</p><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Our instructors Academic Assistant <b>Tina Kronborg</b>, post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b>,<br />
stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen <br />
Krogh</b> have helped us the entire summer when crying for help. We are really grateful for all your <br />
help in every situation.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Maria Storm Mollerup</b> helped us with general questions in the lab.</li><br />
<li>Academic assistant <b>Eva Maria Sternkopf Lillebæk</b> helped with western blot and provided us with a<br />
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain. </li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Sabrina Brøner</b> helped us getting doxycyclin.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Anders Boysen</b> helped with western blot.</li><br />
<li>Medical Laboratory Technician <b>Simon Rose</b> introduced us to lab safety and behavior and helped us<br />
with our safety form.</li><br />
<li>From the University of Copenhagen professor, Ph.D., head of Section for Molecular Plant<br />
Biology, vice head of Copenhagen Plant science Centre <b>Poul Erik Jensen</b> who sent us a <br />
<i>Synechocystis sp.</i> PCC6803 strain.</li><br />
<li>Stud.Bsc.Sc. <b>Kristian Davidsen</b> from DTU provided us with USER polymerase.</li><br />
<li>Professor, Ph.D. <b>Nils Joakim Færgeman</b> helped us design a GC experiment and the toxicity essay on<br />
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li>Ph. D. fellow <b>Eva Bang Harvald</b> provided us with <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and information about<br />
what to do.</li><br />
<li>Professor Dr. rer. nat. habil. <b>Olaf-Georg Issinger</b> helped out with western blot gels.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow from University of Copenhagen <b>Nana Cecilie Halmsted Kongsholm</b> helped with ethics.</li><br />
<li>Postdoctoral fellow at the Medical Research Council <b>Julius Fredens</b> provided us with a plasmid<br />
containing FAT-2 originating from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li><b>The SDU iGEM team 2013</b> has provided great inspiration for the making of our wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Events support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> everyone who has helped us promote our project and iGEM by helping us arrange<br />
our events.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://www.studenterhus.dk/">Student house Odense</a> arranged an event where we could talk about iGEM and synthetic<br />
biology and hold a quiz night.</li><br />
<li><b>Syddanske studerende</b> let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the study trade<br />
fair.</li><br />
<li><b>IMCC</b> (International Medical Cooperation Committee) let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the<br />
study trade fair and at sundhedsmekka.</li><br />
<li>The <b>former SDU iGEM members</b> who met with us and heard about our project and what thoughts<br />
we were having.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> General support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We have received a lot of help</span> during our project - also help that was not in the lab or specific for the <br />
execution of our project. We would like thank all the people that have helped us one way or another.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>DTU</b> (Technical University of Denmark) had arranged a crash course in the lab for Danish iGEM teams and introduced us to primers,<br />
USER cloning and the design of the team wiki.</li><br />
<li><b>KU</b> (University of Copenhagen) arranged an ethics workshop for Danish iGEM teams.</li><br />
<li><b>YSB</b> (young synthetic biologist) arranged and held the UK iGEM meet-up and allowed our team to join the meet up and told<br />
us more about synthetic biology and had arranged different workshops.</li><br />
<li><span class="intro">Everyone</span> all over the world, <span class="intro">who has answered our questionnaire</span> about GMO and what they think<br />
about it being a food resource.</li><br />
<li><b>Jane Fornitz</b> from the company Ibsing & Fornitz ApS introduced us to the different types of<br />
personalities and how to work together with different personalities - this has been a great help for <br />
the teamwork.</li><br />
<li>Doctor <b>Yaa Difie-Osei</b> from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana and Professor <b>George Armah</b> from the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research helped us with our human practices regarding outreach and ethical considerations.</li><br />
<li><b>Bioscientific dissemination</b> at SDU gave us great feedback on our presentation in preparation of the jamboree.</li><br />
<li>Stud. bac linguistics <b>Klara Tandrup Pedersen</b> helped us proofread our wiki.<br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Technical support </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us with programs used for modelling.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen<br />
Krogh</b> have helped us with sequencing results.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen Krogh</b> helped us designing our team wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Modelling </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Nicky Cordua Mattsson</b> helped us with the modelling of our system.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us all the way with our model.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Litterature support</h4><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. <a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Basic definitions. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Hunger, 2013: 2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics. <a href="http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address. <a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012: Nutrition for everyone. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/index.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Carbohydrates in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1154">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The World Bank, 2014: GNI per Capita, Atlas method (current US$). <a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Proteins in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1157">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Consumption of Fats in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1158">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO: Chapter 7 - Food, nutrients and diets. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0078e/w0078e08.htm#P7404_499006">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/ FAO/ UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition, 2002. Vol. 935.</li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. United Nations University, 2002. No. 935, p. 150-164. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who_trs_935_eng.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lynd, L.R., Weimer, P.J., van Zyl, P.H., and Isak, S.P.: Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2002. Vol. 66:3, p. 506-577. <a href="http://mmbr.asm.org/content/66/3/506.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lükcker, J., El Tamer, M.K., Schwab, W., Verstappen, F.V.A., van der Plas, L.H.V., Bouwmeester, H.J., and Verhoeven, H.A.: Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus Limon). European Journal of Biochemistry, 2002. Vol. 269:13, p. 3160-3171. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02985.x/full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Kang, M.J., Lee, Y.M., Yoon, S.H., Kim, J.H., Ock, S.W., Jung, K.H., Shin, Y.C., Keasling, J.D., and Kim, S.W.: Identification of Genes Affecting Lycopene Accumulation in Escherichia coli Using a Shot-Gun Method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91, p. 636-642. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.20539/pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M.:Lehninger – Principles of Biochemistry, fifth edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 2008. </li><br />
<li>Ruiz-López, N., Sayanova, O., Napier, J.A., and Haslam, R.P.: Metabolic engineering of the omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway into transgenic plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011. Vol. 63:7, p. 2397-2410. <a href="http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/7/2397.full#F1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Wada, H., Avelange-Macherel, M.H., and Murata, N.: The desA gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 is the structural gene for delta 12 desaturase. Journal of Bacteriology, 1993. Vol. 175:18, p. 6056-6058. <a href="http://jb.asm.org/content/175/18/6056.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sakamoto, T., Wada, H., Ohmori, M., Murata, N.: Δ9 Acyl-Lipid Desaturases of Cyanobacteria. The Journal of Boilogical Chemistry, 1994. Vol. 269:14, p. 25576-25580. <a href="http://www.jbc.org/content/269/41/25576.full.pdf+html">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Results:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Aagaard, L.., Amarzguioui, M., Sun, Guihua., Santos, L.C., Ehsani, A., Prydz, H. & Rossi, J.J.: A Facile Lentiviral Vector System for Ekspression of Doxycycline-Inducible dhRNAs: Knockdown of the Pre-miRNA Processing Enzyme Drosha. Molecular Therapy, 2007. 15:5, p. 938-945. <a href="http://www.nature.com/mt/journal/v15/n5/full/6300118a.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Kang, M.J., Lee, Y.M., Yoon, S.H., Kim, J.H., Ock, S.W., Jung, K.H., Shin, Y.C., Keasling, J.D., and Kim, S.W.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005, vol. 91:5, p. 636-642. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mosbech, M., Kruse, R., Harvald, E. B., Olsen, A. S. B., Gallego, S. F., Hannibal-Bach, H. K., Ejsing, C. S. & Færgeman, N. J.: Functional Loss of Two Ceramide Synthases Elicits Autophagy-Dependent Lifespan Extension in C. elegans.: PLoS ONE, 2013. 8 vol:7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894595">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Rodriguez, M., Snoek, L. B., Bono, M.D. & Kammenga, J. E.:Worms under stress: C. elegans sterss response and its relevance to complex human disease and aging. Trends in Genetics, 2013. Vol: 29, 6, p. 367-374. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016895251300022X">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Policy and Practices:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li> MicroBEnet: Microbial Myths: Common misconceptions about microbes (w/ some extra focus on those in the built environment), 2011. <a href="http://microbe.net/simple-guides/microbial-myths-common-misconceptions-about-microbes-in-the-built-environment/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Marris, C.: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths. EMBO reports, 2001. Vol. 2 p. 545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Gaskell, G., Stares, S., Allansdottir, A., Allum, N., Corchero, C., Fischler, C., Hampel, J., Jackson, J., Kronberger, N., Mejlgaard, N., Revuelta, G., Schreiner, C., Torgersen, H., and Wagner, W.: Europeans and Biotechnology in 2005: Patterns and Trends. Final report on Eurobarometer 64.3, 2006. P. 57. <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/eb_64_3_final_report_second_edition_july_06.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Hancock, R.D.: Recent Patents on Vitamin C: Opportunities for Crop Improvement and Single-Step Biological Manufacture. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 2009. Vol. 1, p. 39-49. <a href="http://www.northsearegion.eu/files/repository/20131027214538_UK-Enclosures30.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sauer, M., Porro, D, Mattanovich, D., and Branduardi, P.: Microbial production of organic acids: expanding the market. Elsevier, 2008. Cell Press, vol. 26:2, p. 100-108. <a href="http://awe.mol.uj.edu.pl/~allel/s6/pliki/mbPrz_seminaria/microbial%20production.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories. <a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Berg, J., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.: Biochemistry, Seventh Edition. W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd, 2011.</li><br />
<li> European Food Information Council, 1999: Lactic acid bacteria – their uses in food. <a href="http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/lactic-acid-bacteria/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Microbiology online: Bacteria. <a href="http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Gershon, E.: With you in the room, bacteria counts spike. Yale News, 2012. <a href="http://news.yale.edu/2012/03/28/you-room-bacteria-counts-spike " target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nielsen , J.: Betydningen af systembiologi for industriel bioteknologi. Biozoom, 2007. Vol. 2, p. 1-3.<a href=" http://www.biokemi.org/biozoom/issues/514/articles/2284" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Novo Nordisk: Use of gene technology at Novo Nordisk. <a href="http://www.novonordisk.com/old/press/environmental/er98/bioethics/useofgenetechnol.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Homepage of iGEM: Synthetic Biology – based on standard parts. <a href="http://www.igem.org/Main_Page" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms and amending Directive 2001/18/EC (Official Journal L 268, 18/10/2003 P. 0024 – 0028) </li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work. <a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Marshall, S: Genetically Modified Organisms and Food. Nutrition & Food Science, 1994.94:1,4-7. <a href="http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/00346659410048901">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mehta, M.: Public perceptions of genetically engineered foods: “Playing God” or trusting science Risk. Health, Safety and Environment, 2001. 12,205–220. <a href="http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1-bib.sdu.dk:2048/HOL/Page?page=205&handle=hein.journals%2Frisk12&collection=journals#213">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Davison, J.: GM plants: Science, politics and EC regulations. Plant Science, 2010. 178,94–98. <a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0168945209003112/1-s2.0-S0168945209003112-main.pdf?_tid=c48d628e-53ec-11e4-887a-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1413323890_f7d83fc2a2a2e02b4ca3ddd2d29e50f6">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Paarlberg, R.: GMO foods and crops: Africa's choice. New Biotechnology, 2010.27:5,609–613. <a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1871678410005145/1-s2.0-S1871678410005145-main.pdf?_tid=5c3337be-53f0-11e4-8037-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1413325433_bf176b0d95b0c58bff4107681984f1f8">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Viljoen, C.D and Marx, G.M.: The implications for mandatory GM labelling under the Consumer Protection Act in South Africa. Food Control, 2013.31:2,387–391. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713512005841#bib14">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mehta, M.: Public perceptions of genetically engineered foods: “Playing God” or trusting science Risk. Health, Safety and Environment, 2001. 12,205–220. <a href="http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1-bib.sdu.dk:2048/HOL/Page?page=205&handle=hein.journals%2Frisk12&collection=journals#213">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Einsiedel, E.F.: Mental Maps of Science: Knowledge and attitude Among Canadian Adults. Int J Public Opin Res, 1994.6:1,35-44. <a href="http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/1/35.abstract">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Marris, C: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths.EMBO reports, 2001.2:7,545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO/UNU, expert consultation: Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization,2007.935,1-265. <a href="http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/WHO_TRS_935/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Peters, HP., Lang, JT., Sawicka, M., Hallman, WK: Culture and Technological Innovation: Impact of Institutional Trust and Appreciation of Nature on Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology in the USA and Germany. Int J Public Opin Res,2007.19:2,191-220. <a href="http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/2/191.full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Bartsch, D: GMO regulatory challenges and science: a European perspective. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety,2014. 9:1,51–S58. <a href="http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/30/art%253A10.1007%252Fs00003-014-0885-9.pdf?auth66=1413400769_528fc09b561921379eb90716446a4eee&ext=.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: WHO African region: Ghana. <a href="http://www.who.int/countries/gha/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana. <a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana. <a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Ademola A. Adenle, E. Jane Morris, Govindan Parayil: Status of development, regulation and adoption of GM agriculture in Africa: Views and positions of stakeholder groups. Food Policy, 2013:43,159-166. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919213001346">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Swallow, Dallas M: Genetics of Lactase Persistence and Lactoseintolerance. Annu.Rev.Genet, 2003.37:197-219. <a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143820">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Child Mortality Estimates, 2014: Under-five mortality rate. <a href="http://www.childmortality.org/index.php?r=site/graph&ID=GHA_Ghana">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance. <a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The Mal-ED Network Investigators: The MAL-ED Study: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Approach to Understand the Relationship Between Enteric Pathogens, Malnutrition, Gut Physiology, Physical Growth, Cognitive Development, and Immune Responses in Infants and Children Up to 2 Years of Age in Resource-Poor Environments. Clin Infect Dis,2014:59(4),193-206. <a href="http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/suppl_4/S193.long#sec-28">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Results:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories. <a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38-40. <a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address. <a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
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{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour63Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour632014-10-17T23:48:07Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
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<h3> The end </h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">“Don’t cry because it’s over. Smile because it happened!” – <b>Dr. Seuss</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">Writing this on the night</span> of the wiki-freeze, sure brings a lot of thoughts – what are we supposed <br />
to do with our spare time now? What else could you get <i>E. coli</i> to produce? WHAT ARE WE GOING <br />
TO DO, IN ORDER TO SAVE THE WORLD NOW?<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Well, we do not know</span> the answers, but one thing is certain: Our iGEM project, working in the lab, <br />
getting to know each other and work together – preparing for Boston – the whole process has <br />
been a great experience in every thinkable way. We are grateful and will like to thank everyone <br />
who has helped and everyone who have put up with our immense mood swings and non-existing <br />
circadian rhythm.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">We now look forward</span> to present our project at the Giant Jamboree and hearing about all the other iGEM<br />
projects.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Thank you for reading our team wiki – we hope you enjoyed the tour!</span><br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<div class="imageGallery alignCenter"><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/11/2014SDUtheend5.png" title="Start of the summer."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/11/2014SDUtheend5.png"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/a/aa/2014SDUgallery10.jpg" title="Tour Des Chambres."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/a/aa/2014SDUgallery10.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0b/2014SDUgallery11.jpg" title="UK iGEM meet-up."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0b/2014SDUgallery11.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/7f/2014SDUtheend2.jpg" title="Photoshoot in our chefs outfits."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/bc/2014SDUtheend3.jpg"></a><br />
<br />
<a class="galleryImg" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/a/a5/2014SDUgallery13.jpg" title="Team dinner the night before wiki-freeze."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/a/a5/2014SDUgallery13.jpg"></a><br />
Group pictures.<br />
</div><br />
<br><br><br />
</p><br />
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{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour14Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour142014-10-17T23:46:50Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<br />
<h3> Attributions </h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"If you want to become a great chef, you have to work with great chefs" - <b>Gordon Ramsay</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4> <i>Sponsors</i> </h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> our sponsor <a href="http://sdu.dk/">The University of Southern Denmark</a>, for<br />
funding our iGEM project. Especially we would like to thank <b>dean Henrik <br />
Pedersen</b> and the <b>Faculty of Science at University of Southern Denmark</b> - we are <br />
truly grateful for having this amazing possibility.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Laboratory support</h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> Associate Professor, Ph. D. <b>Jakob Møller Jensen</b> and<br />
the Microbiology group and also the rest of the <b>Department of Biochemistry <br />
and Molecular Biology</b> for letting us use their lab, providing laboratory <br />
equipment and helping us to do our work.<br />
</p><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Our instructors Academic Assistant <b>Tina Kronborg</b>, post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b>,<br />
stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen <br />
Krogh</b> have helped us the entire summer when crying for help. We are really grateful for all your <br />
help in every situation.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Maria Storm Mollerup</b> helped us with general questions in the lab.</li><br />
<li>Academic assistant <b>Eva Maria Sternkopf Lillebæk</b> helped with western blot and provided us with a<br />
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain. </li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Sabrina Brøner</b> helped us getting doxycyclin.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Anders Boysen</b> helped with western blot.</li><br />
<li>Medical Laboratory Technician <b>Simon Rose</b> introduced us to lab safety and behavior and helped us<br />
with our safety form.</li><br />
<li>From the University of Copenhagen professor, Ph.D., head of Section for Molecular Plant<br />
Biology, vice head of Copenhagen Plant science Centre <b>Poul Erik Jensen</b> who sent us a <br />
<i>Synechocystis sp.</i> PCC6803 strain.</li><br />
<li>Stud.Bsc.Sc. <b>Kristian Davidsen</b> from DTU provided us with USER polymerase.</li><br />
<li>Professor, Ph.D. <b>Nils Joakim Færgeman</b> helped us design a GC experiment and the toxicity essay on<br />
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li>Ph. D. fellow <b>Eva Bang Harvald</b> provided us with <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and information about<br />
what to do.</li><br />
<li>Professor Dr. rer. nat. habil. <b>Olaf-Georg Issinger</b> helped out with western blot gels.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow from University of Copenhagen <b>Nana Cecilie Halmsted Kongsholm</b> helped with ethics.</li><br />
<li>Postdoctoral fellow at the Medical Research Council <b>Julius Fredens</b> provided us with a plasmid<br />
containing FAT-2 originating from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li><b>The SDU iGEM team 2013</b> has provided great inspiration for the making of our wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Events support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> everyone who has helped us promote our project and iGEM by helping us arrange<br />
our events.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://www.studenterhus.dk/">Student house Odense</a> arranged an event where we could talk about iGEM and synthetic<br />
biology and hold a quiz night.</li><br />
<li><b>Syddanske studerende</b> let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the study trade<br />
fair.</li><br />
<li><b>IMCC</b> (International Medical Cooperation Committee) let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the<br />
study trade fair and at sundhedsmekka.</li><br />
<li>The <b>former SDU iGEM members</b> who met with us and heard about our project and what thoughts<br />
we were having.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> General support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We have received a lot of help</span> during our project - also help that was not in the lab or specific for the <br />
execution of our project. We would like thank all the people that have helped us one way or another.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>DTU</b> (Technical University of Denmark) had arranged a crash course in the lab for Danish iGEM teams and introduced us to primers,<br />
USER cloning and the design of the team wiki.</li><br />
<li><b>KU</b> (University of Copenhagen) arranged an ethics workshop for Danish iGEM teams.</li><br />
<li><b>YSB</b> (young synthetic biologist) arranged and held the UK iGEM meet-up and allowed our team to join the meet up and told<br />
us more about synthetic biology and had arranged different workshops.</li><br />
<li><span class="intro">Everyone</span> all over the world, <span class="intro">who has answered our questionnaire</span> about GMO and what they think<br />
about it being a food resource.</li><br />
<li><b>Jane Fornitz</b> from the company Ibsing & Fornitz ApS introduced us to the different types of<br />
personalities and how to work together with different personalities - this has been a great help for <br />
the teamwork.</li><br />
<li>Doctor <b>Yaa Difie-Osei</b> from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana and Professor <b>George Armah</b> from the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research helped us with our human practices regarding outreach and ethical considerations.</li><br />
<li><b>Bioscientific dissemination</b> at SDU gave us great feedback on our presentation in preparation of the jamboree.</li><br />
<li>Stud. bac linguistics <b>Klara Tandrup Pedersen</b> helped us proofread our wiki.<br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Technical support </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us with programs used for modelling.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen<br />
Krogh</b> have helped us with sequencing results.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen Krogh</b> helped us designing our team wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Modelling </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Nicky Cordua Mattsson</b> helped us with the modelling of our system.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us all the way with our model.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Litterature support</h4><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. <a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Basic definitions. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Hunger, 2013: 2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics. <a href="http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address. <a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012: Nutrition for everyone. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/index.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Carbohydrates in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1154">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The World Bank, 2014: GNI per Capita, Atlas method (current US$). <a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Proteins in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1157">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Consumption of Fats in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1158">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO: Chapter 7 - Food, nutrients and diets. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0078e/w0078e08.htm#P7404_499006">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/ FAO/ UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition, 2002. Vol. 935.</li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. United Nations University, 2002. No. 935, p. 150-164. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who_trs_935_eng.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lynd, L.R., Weimer, P.J., van Zyl, P.H., and Isak, S.P.: Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2002. Vol. 66:3, p. 506-577. <a href="http://mmbr.asm.org/content/66/3/506.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lükcker, J., El Tamer, M.K., Schwab, W., Verstappen, F.V.A., van der Plas, L.H.V., Bouwmeester, H.J., and Verhoeven, H.A.: Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus Limon). European Journal of Biochemistry, 2002. Vol. 269:13, p. 3160-3171. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02985.x/full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Kang, M.J., Lee, Y.M., Yoon, S.H., Kim, J.H., Ock, S.W., Jung, K.H., Shin, Y.C., Keasling, J.D., and Kim, S.W.: Identification of Genes Affecting Lycopene Accumulation in Escherichia coli Using a Shot-Gun Method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91, p. 636-642. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.20539/pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M.:Lehninger – Principles of Biochemistry, fifth edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 2008. </li><br />
<li>Ruiz-López, N., Sayanova, O., Napier, J.A., and Haslam, R.P.: Metabolic engineering of the omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway into transgenic plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011. Vol. 63:7, p. 2397-2410. <a href="http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/7/2397.full#F1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Wada, H., Avelange-Macherel, M.H., and Murata, N.: The desA gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 is the structural gene for delta 12 desaturase. Journal of Bacteriology, 1993. Vol. 175:18, p. 6056-6058. <a href="http://jb.asm.org/content/175/18/6056.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sakamoto, T., Wada, H., Ohmori, M., Murata, N.: Δ9 Acyl-Lipid Desaturases of Cyanobacteria. The Journal of Boilogical Chemistry, 1994. Vol. 269:14, p. 25576-25580. <a href="http://www.jbc.org/content/269/41/25576.full.pdf+html">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Results:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Aagaard, L.., Amarzguioui, M., Sun, Guihua., Santos, L.C., Ehsani, A., Prydz, H. & Rossi, J.J.: A Facile Lentiviral Vector System for Ekspression of Doxycycline-Inducible dhRNAs: Knockdown of the Pre-miRNA Processing Enzyme Drosha. Molecular Therapy, 2007. 15:5, p. 938-945. <a href="http://www.nature.com/mt/journal/v15/n5/full/6300118a.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Kang, M.J., Lee, Y.M., Yoon, S.H., Kim, J.H., Ock, S.W., Jung, K.H., Shin, Y.C., Keasling, J.D., and Kim, S.W.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005, vol. 91:5, p. 636-642. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mosbech, M., Kruse, R., Harvald, E. B., Olsen, A. S. B., Gallego, S. F., Hannibal-Bach, H. K., Ejsing, C. S. & Færgeman, N. J.: Functional Loss of Two Ceramide Synthases Elicits Autophagy-Dependent Lifespan Extension in C. elegans.: PLoS ONE, 2013. 8 vol:7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894595">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Rodriguez, M., Snoek, L. B., Bono, M.D. & Kammenga, J. E.:Worms under stress: C. elegans sterss response and its relevance to complex human disease and aging. Trends in Genetics, 2013. Vol: 29, 6, p. 367-374. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016895251300022X">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Policy and Practices:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li> MicroBEnet: Microbial Myths: Common misconceptions about microbes (w/ some extra focus on those in the built environment), 2011. <a href="http://microbe.net/simple-guides/microbial-myths-common-misconceptions-about-microbes-in-the-built-environment/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Marris, C.: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths. EMBO reports, 2001. Vol. 2 p. 545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Gaskell, G., Stares, S., Allansdottir, A., Allum, N., Corchero, C., Fischler, C., Hampel, J., Jackson, J., Kronberger, N., Mejlgaard, N., Revuelta, G., Schreiner, C., Torgersen, H., and Wagner, W.: Europeans and Biotechnology in 2005: Patterns and Trends. Final report on Eurobarometer 64.3, 2006. P. 57. <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/eb_64_3_final_report_second_edition_july_06.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Hancock, R.D.: Recent Patents on Vitamin C: Opportunities for Crop Improvement and Single-Step Biological Manufacture. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 2009. Vol. 1, p. 39-49. <a href="http://www.northsearegion.eu/files/repository/20131027214538_UK-Enclosures30.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sauer, M., Porro, D, Mattanovich, D., and Branduardi, P.: Microbial production of organic acids: expanding the market. Elsevier, 2008. Cell Press, vol. 26:2, p. 100-108. <a href="http://awe.mol.uj.edu.pl/~allel/s6/pliki/mbPrz_seminaria/microbial%20production.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories. <a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Berg, J., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.: Biochemistry, Seventh Edition. W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd, 2011.</li><br />
<li> European Food Information Council, 1999: Lactic acid bacteria – their uses in food. <a href="http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/lactic-acid-bacteria/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Microbiology online: Bacteria. <a href="http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Gershon, E.: With you in the room, bacteria counts spike. Yale News, 2012. <a href="http://news.yale.edu/2012/03/28/you-room-bacteria-counts-spike " target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nielsen , J.: Betydningen af systembiologi for industriel bioteknologi. Biozoom, 2007. Vol. 2, p. 1-3.<a href=" http://www.biokemi.org/biozoom/issues/514/articles/2284" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Novo Nordisk: Use of gene technology at Novo Nordisk. <a href="http://www.novonordisk.com/old/press/environmental/er98/bioethics/useofgenetechnol.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Homepage of iGEM: Synthetic Biology – based on standard parts. <a href="http://www.igem.org/Main_Page" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms and amending Directive 2001/18/EC (Official Journal L 268, 18/10/2003 P. 0024 – 0028) </li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work. <a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Marshall, S: Genetically Modified Organisms and Food. Nutrition & Food Science, 1994.94:1,4-7. <a href="http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/00346659410048901">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mehta, M.: Public perceptions of genetically engineered foods: “Playing God” or trusting science Risk. Health, Safety and Environment, 2001. 12,205–220. <a href="http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1-bib.sdu.dk:2048/HOL/Page?page=205&handle=hein.journals%2Frisk12&collection=journals#213">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Davison, J.: GM plants: Science, politics and EC regulations. Plant Science, 2010. 178,94–98. <a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0168945209003112/1-s2.0-S0168945209003112-main.pdf?_tid=c48d628e-53ec-11e4-887a-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1413323890_f7d83fc2a2a2e02b4ca3ddd2d29e50f6">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Paarlberg, R.: GMO foods and crops: Africa's choice. New Biotechnology, 2010.27:5,609–613. <a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1871678410005145/1-s2.0-S1871678410005145-main.pdf?_tid=5c3337be-53f0-11e4-8037-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1413325433_bf176b0d95b0c58bff4107681984f1f8">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Viljoen, C.D and Marx, G.M.: The implications for mandatory GM labelling under the Consumer Protection Act in South Africa. Food Control, 2013.31:2,387–391. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713512005841#bib14">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mehta, M.: Public perceptions of genetically engineered foods: “Playing God” or trusting science Risk. Health, Safety and Environment, 2001. 12,205–220. <a href="http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1-bib.sdu.dk:2048/HOL/Page?page=205&handle=hein.journals%2Frisk12&collection=journals#213">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Einsiedel, E.F.: Mental Maps of Science: Knowledge and attitude Among Canadian Adults. Int J Public Opin Res, 1994.6:1,35-44. <a href="http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/1/35.abstract">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Marris, C: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths.EMBO reports, 2001.2:7,545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO/UNU, expert consultation: Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization,2007.935,1-265. <a href="http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/WHO_TRS_935/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Peters, HP., Lang, JT., Sawicka, M., Hallman, WK: Culture and Technological Innovation: Impact of Institutional Trust and Appreciation of Nature on Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology in the USA and Germany. Int J Public Opin Res,2007.19:2,191-220. <a href="http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/2/191.full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Bartsch, D: GMO regulatory challenges and science: a European perspective. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety,2014. 9:1,51–S58. <a href="http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/30/art%253A10.1007%252Fs00003-014-0885-9.pdf?auth66=1413400769_528fc09b561921379eb90716446a4eee&ext=.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: WHO African region: Ghana. <a href="http://www.who.int/countries/gha/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana. <a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana. <a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Ademola A. Adenle, E. Jane Morris, Govindan Parayil: Status of development, regulation and adoption of GM agriculture in Africa: Views and positions of stakeholder groups. Food Policy, 2013:43,159-166. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919213001346">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Swallow, Dallas M: Genetics of Lactase Persistence and Lactoseintolerance. Annu.Rev.Genet, 2003.37:197-219. <a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143820">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Child Mortality Estimates, 2014: Under-five mortality rate. <a href="http://www.childmortality.org/index.php?r=site/graph&ID=GHA_Ghana">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance. <a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The Mal-ED Network Investigators: The MAL-ED Study: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Approach to Understand the Relationship Between Enteric Pathogens, Malnutrition, Gut Physiology, Physical Growth, Cognitive Development, and Immune Responses in Infants and Children Up to 2 Years of Age in Resource-Poor Environments. Clin Infect Dis,2014:59(4),193-206. <a href="http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/suppl_4/S193.long#sec-28">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Results:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories. <a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38-40. <a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address. <a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour14Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour142014-10-17T23:38:46Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
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<br />
<h3> Attributions </h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"If you want to become a great chef, you have to work with great chefs" - <b>Gordon Ramsay</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4> <i>Sponsors</i> </h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> our sponsor <a href="http://sdu.dk/">The University of Southern Denmark</a>, for<br />
funding our iGEM project. Especially we would like to thank <b>dean Henrik <br />
Pedersen</b> and the <b>Faculty of Science at University of Southern Denmark</b> - we are <br />
truly grateful for having this amazing possibility.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Laboratory support</h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> Associate Professor, Ph. D. <b>Jakob Møller Jensen</b> and<br />
the Microbiology group and also the rest of the <b>Department of Biochemistry <br />
and Molecular Biology</b> for letting us use their lab, providing laboratory <br />
equipment and helping us to do our work.<br />
</p><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Our instructors Academic Assistant <b>Tina Kronborg</b>, post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b>,<br />
stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen <br />
Krogh</b> have helped us the entire summer when crying for help. We are really grateful for all your <br />
help in every situation.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Maria Storm Mollerup</b> helped us with general questions in the lab.</li><br />
<li>Academic assistant <b>Eva Maria Sternkopf Lillebæk</b> helped with western blot and provided us with a<br />
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain. </li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Sabrina Brøner</b> helped us getting doxycyclin.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Anders Boysen</b> helped with western blot.</li><br />
<li>Medical Laboratory Technician <b>Simon Rose</b> introduced us to lab safety and behavior and helped us<br />
with our safety form.</li><br />
<li>From the University of Copenhagen professor, Ph.D., head of Section for Molecular Plant<br />
Biology, vice head of Copenhagen Plant science Centre <b>Poul Erik Jensen</b> who sent us a <br />
<i>Synechocystis sp.</i> PCC6803 strain.</li><br />
<li>Stud.Bsc.Sc. <b>Kristian Davidsen</b> from DTU provided us with USER polymerase.</li><br />
<li>Professor, Ph.D. <b>Nils Joakim Færgeman</b> helped us design a GC experiment and the toxicity essay on<br />
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li>Ph. D. fellow <b>Eva Bang Harvald</b> provided us with <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and information about<br />
what to do.</li><br />
<li>Professor Dr. rer. nat. habil. <b>Olaf-Georg Issinger</b> helped out with western blot gels.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow from University of Copenhagen <b>Nana Cecilie Halmsted Kongsholm</b> helped with ethics.</li><br />
<li>Postdoctoral fellow at the Medical Research Council <b>Julius Fredens</b> provided us with a plasmid<br />
containing FAT-2 originating from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li><b>The SDU iGEM team 2013</b> has provided great inspiration for the making of our wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Events support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> everyone who has helped us promote our project and iGEM by helping us arrange<br />
our events.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://www.studenterhus.dk/">Student house Odense</a> arranged an event where we could talk about iGEM and synthetic<br />
biology and hold a quiz night.</li><br />
<li><b>Syddanske studerende</b> let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the study trade<br />
fair.</li><br />
<li><b>IMCC</b> (International Medical Cooperation Committee) let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the<br />
study trade fair and at sundhedsmekka.</li><br />
<li>The <b>former SDU iGEM members</b> who met with us and heard about our project and what thoughts<br />
we were having.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> General support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We have received a lot of help</span> during our project - also help that was not in the lab or specific for the <br />
execution of our project. We would like thank all the people that have helped us one way or another.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>DTU</b> (Technical University of Denmark) had arranged a crash course in the lab for Danish iGEM teams and introduced us to primers,<br />
USER cloning and the design of the team wiki.</li><br />
<li><b>KU</b> (University of Copenhagen) arranged an ethics workshop for Danish iGEM teams.</li><br />
<li><b>YSB</b> (young synthetic biologist) arranged and held the UK iGEM meet-up and allowed our team to join the meet up and told<br />
us more about synthetic biology and had arranged different workshops.</li><br />
<li><span class="intro">Everyone</span> all over the world, <span class="intro">who has answered our questionnaire</span> about GMO and what they think<br />
about it being a food resource.</li><br />
<li><b>Jane Fornitz</b> from the company Ibsing & Fornitz ApS introduced us to the different types of<br />
personalities and how to work together with different personalities - this has been a great help for <br />
the teamwork.</li><br />
<li>Doctor <b>Yaa Difie-Osei</b> from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana and Professor <b>George Armah</b> from the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research helped us with our human practices regarding outreach and ethical considerations.</li><br />
<li><b>Bioscientific dissemination</b> at SDU gave us great feedback on our presentation in preparation of the jamboree.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Technical support </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us with programs used for modelling.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen<br />
Krogh</b> have helped us with sequencing results.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen Krogh</b> helped us designing our team wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Modelling </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Nicky Cordua Mattsson</b> helped us with the modelling of our system.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us all the way with our model.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Litterature support</h4><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. <a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Basic definitions. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Hunger, 2013: 2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics. <a href="http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address. <a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012: Nutrition for everyone. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/index.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Carbohydrates in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1154">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The World Bank, 2014: GNI per Capita, Atlas method (current US$). <a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Proteins in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1157">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Consumption of Fats in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1158">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO: Chapter 7 - Food, nutrients and diets. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0078e/w0078e08.htm#P7404_499006">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/ FAO/ UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition, 2002. Vol. 935.</li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. United Nations University, 2002. No. 935, p. 150-164. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who_trs_935_eng.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lynd, L.R., Weimer, P.J., van Zyl, P.H., and Isak, S.P.: Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2002. Vol. 66:3, p. 506-577. <a href="http://mmbr.asm.org/content/66/3/506.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lükcker, J., El Tamer, M.K., Schwab, W., Verstappen, F.V.A., van der Plas, L.H.V., Bouwmeester, H.J., and Verhoeven, H.A.: Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus Limon). European Journal of Biochemistry, 2002. Vol. 269:13, p. 3160-3171. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02985.x/full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Kang, M.J., Lee, Y.M., Yoon, S.H., Kim, J.H., Ock, S.W., Jung, K.H., Shin, Y.C., Keasling, J.D., and Kim, S.W.: Identification of Genes Affecting Lycopene Accumulation in Escherichia coli Using a Shot-Gun Method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91, p. 636-642. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.20539/pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M.:Lehninger – Principles of Biochemistry, fifth edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 2008. </li><br />
<li>Ruiz-López, N., Sayanova, O., Napier, J.A., and Haslam, R.P.: Metabolic engineering of the omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway into transgenic plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011. Vol. 63:7, p. 2397-2410. <a href="http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/7/2397.full#F1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Wada, H., Avelange-Macherel, M.H., and Murata, N.: The desA gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 is the structural gene for delta 12 desaturase. Journal of Bacteriology, 1993. Vol. 175:18, p. 6056-6058. <a href="http://jb.asm.org/content/175/18/6056.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sakamoto, T., Wada, H., Ohmori, M., Murata, N.: Δ9 Acyl-Lipid Desaturases of Cyanobacteria. The Journal of Boilogical Chemistry, 1994. Vol. 269:14, p. 25576-25580. <a href="http://www.jbc.org/content/269/41/25576.full.pdf+html">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Results:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Aagaard, L.., Amarzguioui, M., Sun, Guihua., Santos, L.C., Ehsani, A., Prydz, H. & Rossi, J.J.: A Facile Lentiviral Vector System for Ekspression of Doxycycline-Inducible dhRNAs: Knockdown of the Pre-miRNA Processing Enzyme Drosha. Molecular Therapy, 2007. 15:5, p. 938-945. <a href="http://www.nature.com/mt/journal/v15/n5/full/6300118a.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Kang, M.J., Lee, Y.M., Yoon, S.H., Kim, J.H., Ock, S.W., Jung, K.H., Shin, Y.C., Keasling, J.D., and Kim, S.W.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005, vol. 91:5, p. 636-642. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mosbech, M., Kruse, R., Harvald, E. B., Olsen, A. S. B., Gallego, S. F., Hannibal-Bach, H. K., Ejsing, C. S. & Færgeman, N. J.: Functional Loss of Two Ceramide Synthases Elicits Autophagy-Dependent Lifespan Extension in C. elegans.: PLoS ONE, 2013. 8 vol:7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894595">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Rodriguez, M., Snoek, L. B., Bono, M.D. & Kammenga, J. E.:Worms under stress: C. elegans sterss response and its relevance to complex human disease and aging. Trends in Genetics, 2013. Vol: 29, 6, p. 367-374. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016895251300022X">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Policy and Practices:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li> MicroBEnet: Microbial Myths: Common misconceptions about microbes (w/ some extra focus on those in the built environment), 2011. <a href="http://microbe.net/simple-guides/microbial-myths-common-misconceptions-about-microbes-in-the-built-environment/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Marris, C.: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths. EMBO reports, 2001. Vol. 2 p. 545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Gaskell, G., Stares, S., Allansdottir, A., Allum, N., Corchero, C., Fischler, C., Hampel, J., Jackson, J., Kronberger, N., Mejlgaard, N., Revuelta, G., Schreiner, C., Torgersen, H., and Wagner, W.: Europeans and Biotechnology in 2005: Patterns and Trends. Final report on Eurobarometer 64.3, 2006. P. 57. <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/eb_64_3_final_report_second_edition_july_06.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Hancock, R.D.: Recent Patents on Vitamin C: Opportunities for Crop Improvement and Single-Step Biological Manufacture. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 2009. Vol. 1, p. 39-49. <a href="http://www.northsearegion.eu/files/repository/20131027214538_UK-Enclosures30.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sauer, M., Porro, D, Mattanovich, D., and Branduardi, P.: Microbial production of organic acids: expanding the market. Elsevier, 2008. Cell Press, vol. 26:2, p. 100-108. <a href="http://awe.mol.uj.edu.pl/~allel/s6/pliki/mbPrz_seminaria/microbial%20production.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories. <a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Berg, J., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.: Biochemistry, Seventh Edition. W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd, 2011.</li><br />
<li> European Food Information Council, 1999: Lactic acid bacteria – their uses in food. <a href="http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/lactic-acid-bacteria/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Microbiology online: Bacteria. <a href="http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Gershon, E.: With you in the room, bacteria counts spike. Yale News, 2012. <a href="http://news.yale.edu/2012/03/28/you-room-bacteria-counts-spike " target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nielsen , J.: Betydningen af systembiologi for industriel bioteknologi. Biozoom, 2007. Vol. 2, p. 1-3.<a href=" http://www.biokemi.org/biozoom/issues/514/articles/2284" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Novo Nordisk: Use of gene technology at Novo Nordisk. <a href="http://www.novonordisk.com/old/press/environmental/er98/bioethics/useofgenetechnol.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Homepage of iGEM: Synthetic Biology – based on standard parts. <a href="http://www.igem.org/Main_Page" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms and amending Directive 2001/18/EC (Official Journal L 268, 18/10/2003 P. 0024 – 0028) </li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work. <a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Marshall, S: Genetically Modified Organisms and Food. Nutrition & Food Science, 1994.94:1,4-7. <a href="http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/00346659410048901">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mehta, M.: Public perceptions of genetically engineered foods: “Playing God” or trusting science Risk. Health, Safety and Environment, 2001. 12,205–220. <a href="http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1-bib.sdu.dk:2048/HOL/Page?page=205&handle=hein.journals%2Frisk12&collection=journals#213">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Davison, J.: GM plants: Science, politics and EC regulations. Plant Science, 2010. 178,94–98. <a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0168945209003112/1-s2.0-S0168945209003112-main.pdf?_tid=c48d628e-53ec-11e4-887a-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1413323890_f7d83fc2a2a2e02b4ca3ddd2d29e50f6">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Paarlberg, R.: GMO foods and crops: Africa's choice. New Biotechnology, 2010.27:5,609–613. <a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1871678410005145/1-s2.0-S1871678410005145-main.pdf?_tid=5c3337be-53f0-11e4-8037-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1413325433_bf176b0d95b0c58bff4107681984f1f8">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Viljoen, C.D and Marx, G.M.: The implications for mandatory GM labelling under the Consumer Protection Act in South Africa. Food Control, 2013.31:2,387–391. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713512005841#bib14">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mehta, M.: Public perceptions of genetically engineered foods: “Playing God” or trusting science Risk. Health, Safety and Environment, 2001. 12,205–220. <a href="http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1-bib.sdu.dk:2048/HOL/Page?page=205&handle=hein.journals%2Frisk12&collection=journals#213">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Einsiedel, E.F.: Mental Maps of Science: Knowledge and attitude Among Canadian Adults. Int J Public Opin Res, 1994.6:1,35-44. <a href="http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/1/35.abstract">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Marris, C: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths.EMBO reports, 2001.2:7,545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO/UNU, expert consultation: Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization,2007.935,1-265. <a href="http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/WHO_TRS_935/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Peters, HP., Lang, JT., Sawicka, M., Hallman, WK: Culture and Technological Innovation: Impact of Institutional Trust and Appreciation of Nature on Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology in the USA and Germany. Int J Public Opin Res,2007.19:2,191-220. <a href="http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/2/191.full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Bartsch, D: GMO regulatory challenges and science: a European perspective. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety,2014. 9:1,51–S58. <a href="http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/30/art%253A10.1007%252Fs00003-014-0885-9.pdf?auth66=1413400769_528fc09b561921379eb90716446a4eee&ext=.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: WHO African region: Ghana. <a href="http://www.who.int/countries/gha/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana. <a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana. <a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Ademola A. Adenle, E. Jane Morris, Govindan Parayil: Status of development, regulation and adoption of GM agriculture in Africa: Views and positions of stakeholder groups. Food Policy, 2013:43,159-166. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919213001346">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Swallow, Dallas M: Genetics of Lactase Persistence and Lactoseintolerance. Annu.Rev.Genet, 2003.37:197-219. <a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143820">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Child Mortality Estimates, 2014: Under-five mortality rate. <a href="http://www.childmortality.org/index.php?r=site/graph&ID=GHA_Ghana">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance. <a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The Mal-ED Network Investigators: The MAL-ED Study: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Approach to Understand the Relationship Between Enteric Pathogens, Malnutrition, Gut Physiology, Physical Growth, Cognitive Development, and Immune Responses in Infants and Children Up to 2 Years of Age in Resource-Poor Environments. Clin Infect Dis,2014:59(4),193-206. <a href="http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/suppl_4/S193.long#sec-28">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Results:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories. <a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38-40. <a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address. <a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour14Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour142014-10-17T23:37:31Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h3> Attributions </h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"If you want to become a great chef, you have to work with great chefs" - <b>Gordon Ramsay</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4> <i>Sponsors</i> </h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> our sponsor <a href="http://sdu.dk/">The University of Southern Denmark</a>, for<br />
funding our iGEM project. Especially we would like to thank <b>dean Henrik <br />
Pedersen</b> and the <b>Faculty of Science at University of Southern Denmark</b> - we are <br />
truly grateful for having this amazing possibility.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Laboratory support</h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> Associate Professor, Ph. D. <b>Jakob Møller Jensen</b> and<br />
the Microbiology group and also the rest of the <b>Department of Biochemistry <br />
and Molecular Biology</b> for letting us use their lab, providing laboratory <br />
equipment and helping us to do our work.<br />
</p><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Our instructors Academic Assistant <b>Tina Kronborg</b>, post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b>,<br />
stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen <br />
Krogh</b> have helped us the entire summer when crying for help. We are really grateful for all your <br />
help in every situation.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Maria Storm Mollerup</b> helped us with general questions in the lab.</li><br />
<li>Academic assistant <b>Eva Maria Sternkopf Lillebæk</b> helped with western blot and provided us with a<br />
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain. </li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Sabrina Brøner</b> helped us getting doxycyclin.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Anders Boysen</b> helped with western blot.</li><br />
<li>Medical Laboratory Technician <b>Simon Rose</b> introduced us to lab safety and behavior and helped us<br />
with our safety form.</li><br />
<li>From the University of Copenhagen professor, Ph.D., head of Section for Molecular Plant<br />
Biology, vice head of Copenhagen Plant science Centre <b>Poul Erik Jensen</b> who sent us a <br />
<i>Synechocystis sp.</i> PCC6803 strain.</li><br />
<li>Stud.Bsc.Sc. <b>Kristian Davidsen</b> from DTU provided us with USER polymerase.</li><br />
<li>Professor, Ph.D. <b>Nils Joakim Færgeman</b> helped us design a GC experiment and the toxicity essay on<br />
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li>Ph. D. fellow <b>Eva Bang Harvald</b> provided us with <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and information about<br />
what to do.</li><br />
<li>Professor Dr. rer. nat. habil. <b>Olaf-Georg Issinger</b> helped out with western blot gels.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow from University of Copenhagen <b>Nana Cecilie Halmsted Kongsholm</b> helped with ethics.</li><br />
<li>Postdoctoral fellow at the Medical Research Council <b>Julius Fredens</b> provided us with a plasmid<br />
containing FAT-2 originating from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li><b>The SDU iGEM team 2013</b> has provided great inspiration for the making of our wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Events support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> everyone who has helped us promote our project and iGEM by helping us arrange<br />
our events.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://www.studenterhus.dk/">Student house Odense</a> arranged an event where we could talk about iGEM and synthetic<br />
biology and hold a quiz night.</li><br />
<li><b>Syddanske studerende</b> let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the study trade<br />
fair.</li><br />
<li><b>IMCC</b> (International Medical Cooperation Committee) let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the<br />
study trade fair and at sundhedsmekka.</li><br />
<li>The <b>former SDU iGEM members</b> who met with us and heard about our project and what thoughts<br />
we were having.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> General support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We have received a lot of help</span> during our project - also help that was not in the lab or specific for the <br />
execution of our project. We would like thank all the people that have helped us one way or another.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>DTU</b> (Technical University of Denmark) had arranged a crash course in the lab for Danish iGEM teams and introduced us to primers,<br />
USER cloning and the design of the team wiki.</li><br />
<li><b>KU</b> (University of Copenhagen) arranged an ethics workshop for Danish iGEM teams.</li><br />
<li><b>YSB</b> (young synthetic biologist) arranged and held the UK iGEM meet-up and allowed our team to join the meet up and told<br />
us more about synthetic biology and had arranged different workshops.</li><br />
<li><span class="intro">Everyone</span> all over the world, <span class="intro">who has answered our questionnaire</span> about GMO and what they think<br />
about it being a food resource.</li><br />
<li><b>Jane Fornitz</b> from the company Ibsing & Fornitz ApS introduced us to the different types of<br />
personalities and how to work together with different personalities - this has been a great help for <br />
the teamwork.</li><br />
<li>Doctor <b>Yaa Difie-Osei</b> from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana and Professor <b>George Armah</b> from the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research helped us with our human practices regarding outreach and ethical considerations.</li><br />
<li><b>Bioscientific dissemination</b> at SDU gave us great feedback on our presentation in preparation of the jamboree.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Technical support </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us with programs used for modelling.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen<br />
Krogh</b> have helped us with sequencing results.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen Krogh</b> helped us designing our team wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Modelling </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Nicky Cordua Mattsson</b> helped us with the modelling of our system.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us all the way with our model.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Litterature support</h4><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. <a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Basic definitions. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Hunger, 2013: 2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics. <a href="http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address. <a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012: Nutrition for everyone. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/index.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Carbohydrates in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1154">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The World Bank, 2014: GNI per Capita, Atlas method (current US$). <a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Proteins in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1157">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Consumption of Fats in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1158">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO: Chapter 7 - Food, nutrients and diets. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0078e/w0078e08.htm#P7404_499006">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/ FAO/ UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition, 2002. Vol. 935.</li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. United Nations University, 2002. No. 935, p. 150-164. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who_trs_935_eng.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lynd, L.R., Weimer, P.J., van Zyl, P.H., and Isak, S.P.: Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2002. Vol. 66:3, p. 506-577. <a href="http://mmbr.asm.org/content/66/3/506.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lükcker, J., El Tamer, M.K., Schwab, W., Verstappen, F.V.A., van der Plas, L.H.V., Bouwmeester, H.J., and Verhoeven, H.A.: Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus Limon). European Journal of Biochemistry, 2002. Vol. 269:13, p. 3160-3171. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02985.x/full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Kang, M.J., Lee, Y.M., Yoon, S.H., Kim, J.H., Ock, S.W., Jung, K.H., Shin, Y.C., Keasling, J.D., and Kim, S.W.: Identification of Genes Affecting Lycopene Accumulation in Escherichia coli Using a Shot-Gun Method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91, p. 636-642. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.20539/pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M.:Lehninger – Principles of Biochemistry, fifth edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 2008. </li><br />
<li>Ruiz-López, N., Sayanova, O., Napier, J.A., and Haslam, R.P.: Metabolic engineering of the omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway into transgenic plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011. Vol. 63:7, p. 2397-2410. <a href="http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/7/2397.full#F1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Wada, H., Avelange-Macherel, M.H., and Murata, N.: The desA gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 is the structural gene for delta 12 desaturase. Journal of Bacteriology, 1993. Vol. 175:18, p. 6056-6058. <a href="http://jb.asm.org/content/175/18/6056.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sakamoto, T., Wada, H., Ohmori, M., Murata, N.: Δ9 Acyl-Lipid Desaturases of Cyanobacteria. The Journal of Boilogical Chemistry, 1994. Vol. 269:14, p. 25576-25580. <a href="http://www.jbc.org/content/269/41/25576.full.pdf+html">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Results:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Aagaard, L.., Amarzguioui, M., Sun, Guihua., Santos, L.C., Ehsani, A., Prydz, H. & Rossi, J.J.: A Facile Lentiviral Vector System for Ekspression of Doxycycline-Inducible dhRNAs: Knockdown of the Pre-miRNA Processing Enzyme Drosha. Molecular Therapy, 2007. 15:5, p. 938-945. <a href="http://www.nature.com/mt/journal/v15/n5/full/6300118a.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Kang, M.J., Lee, Y.M., Yoon, S.H., Kim, J.H., Ock, S.W., Jung, K.H., Shin, Y.C., Keasling, J.D., and Kim, S.W.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005, vol. 91:5, p. 636-642. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mosbech, M., Kruse, R., Harvald, E. B., Olsen, A. S. B., Gallego, S. F., Hannibal-Bach, H. K., Ejsing, C. S. & Færgeman, N. J.: Functional Loss of Two Ceramide Synthases Elicits Autophagy-Dependent Lifespan Extension in C. elegans.: PLoS ONE, 2013. 8 vol:7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894595">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Rodriguez, M., Snoek, L. B., Bono, M.D. & Kammenga, J. E.:Worms under stress: C. elegans sterss response and its relevance to complex human disease and aging. Trends in Genetics, 2013. Vol: 29, 6, p. 367-374. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016895251300022X">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Policy and Practices:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li> MicroBEnet: Microbial Myths: Common misconceptions about microbes (w/ some extra focus on those in the built environment), 2011. <a href="http://microbe.net/simple-guides/microbial-myths-common-misconceptions-about-microbes-in-the-built-environment/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Marris, C.: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths. EMBO reports, 2001. Vol. 2 p. 545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Gaskell, G., Stares, S., Allansdottir, A., Allum, N., Corchero, C., Fischler, C., Hampel, J., Jackson, J., Kronberger, N., Mejlgaard, N., Revuelta, G., Schreiner, C., Torgersen, H., and Wagner, W.: Europeans and Biotechnology in 2005: Patterns and Trends. Final report on Eurobarometer 64.3, 2006. P. 57. <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/eb_64_3_final_report_second_edition_july_06.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Hancock, R.D.: Recent Patents on Vitamin C: Opportunities for Crop Improvement and Single-Step Biological Manufacture. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 2009. Vol. 1, p. 39-49. <a href="http://www.northsearegion.eu/files/repository/20131027214538_UK-Enclosures30.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sauer, M., Porro, D, Mattanovich, D., and Branduardi, P.: Microbial production of organic acids: expanding the market. Elsevier, 2008. Cell Press, vol. 26:2, p. 100-108. <a href="http://awe.mol.uj.edu.pl/~allel/s6/pliki/mbPrz_seminaria/microbial%20production.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories. <a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Berg, J., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.: Biochemistry, Seventh Edition. W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd, 2011.</li><br />
<li> European Food Information Council, 1999: Lactic acid bacteria – their uses in food. <a href="http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/lactic-acid-bacteria/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Microbiology online: Bacteria. <a href="http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Gershon, E.: With you in the room, bacteria counts spike. Yale News, 2012. <a href="http://news.yale.edu/2012/03/28/you-room-bacteria-counts-spike " target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nielsen , J.: Betydningen af systembiologi for industriel bioteknologi. Biozoom, 2007. Vol. 2, p. 1-3.<a href=" http://www.biokemi.org/biozoom/issues/514/articles/2284" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Novo Nordisk: Use of gene technology at Novo Nordisk. <a href="http://www.novonordisk.com/old/press/environmental/er98/bioethics/useofgenetechnol.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Homepage of iGEM: Synthetic Biology – based on standard parts. <a href="http://www.igem.org/Main_Page" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms and amending Directive 2001/18/EC (Official Journal L 268, 18/10/2003 P. 0024 – 0028) </li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work. <a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Marshall, S: Genetically Modified Organisms and Food. Nutrition & Food Science, 1994.94:1,4-7. <a href="http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/00346659410048901">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mehta, M.: Public perceptions of genetically engineered foods: “Playing God” or trusting science Risk. Health, Safety and Environment, 2001. 12,205–220. <a href="http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1-bib.sdu.dk:2048/HOL/Page?page=205&handle=hein.journals%2Frisk12&collection=journals#213">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Davison, J.: GM plants: Science, politics and EC regulations. Plant Science, 2010. 178,94–98. <a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0168945209003112/1-s2.0-S0168945209003112-main.pdf?_tid=c48d628e-53ec-11e4-887a-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1413323890_f7d83fc2a2a2e02b4ca3ddd2d29e50f6">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Paarlberg, R.: GMO foods and crops: Africa's choice. New Biotechnology, 2010.27:5,609–613. <a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1871678410005145/1-s2.0-S1871678410005145-main.pdf?_tid=5c3337be-53f0-11e4-8037-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1413325433_bf176b0d95b0c58bff4107681984f1f8">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Viljoen, C.D and Marx, G.M.: The implications for mandatory GM labelling under the Consumer Protection Act in South Africa. Food Control, 2013.31:2,387–391. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713512005841#bib14">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mehta, M.: Public perceptions of genetically engineered foods: “Playing God” or trusting science Risk. Health, Safety and Environment, 2001. 12,205–220. <a href="http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1-bib.sdu.dk:2048/HOL/Page?page=205&handle=hein.journals%2Frisk12&collection=journals#213">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Einsiedel, E.F.: Mental Maps of Science: Knowledge and attitude Among Canadian Adults. Int J Public Opin Res, 1994.6:1,35-44. <a href="http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/1/35.abstract">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Marris, C: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths.EMBO reports, 2001.2:7,545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO/UNU, expert consultation: Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization,2007.935,1-265. <a href="http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/WHO_TRS_935/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Peters, HP., Lang, JT., Sawicka, M., Hallman, WK: Culture and Technological Innovation: Impact of Institutional Trust and Appreciation of Nature on Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology in the USA and Germany. Int J Public Opin Res,2007.19:2,191-220. <a href="http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/2/191.full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Bartsch, D: GMO regulatory challenges and science: a European perspective. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety,2014. 9:1,51–S58. <a href="http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/30/art%253A10.1007%252Fs00003-014-0885-9.pdf?auth66=1413400769_528fc09b561921379eb90716446a4eee&ext=.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: WHO African region: Ghana. <a href="http://www.who.int/countries/gha/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana. <a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana. <a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Ademola A. Adenle, E. Jane Morris, Govindan Parayil: Status of development, regulation and adoption of GM agriculture in Africa: Views and positions of stakeholder groups. Food Policy, 2013:43,159-166. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919213001346">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Swallow, Dallas M: Genetics of Lactase Persistence and Lactoseintolerance. Annu.Rev.Genet, 2003.37:197-219. <a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143820">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Child Mortality Estimates, 2014: Under-five mortality rate. <a href="http://www.childmortality.org/index.php?r=site/graph&ID=GHA_Ghana">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance. <a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The Mal-ED Network Investigators: The MAL-ED Study: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Approach to Understand the Relationship Between Enteric Pathogens, Malnutrition, Gut Physiology, Physical Growth, Cognitive Development, and Immune Responses in Infants and Children Up to 2 Years of Age in Resource-Poor Environments. Clin Infect Dis,2014:59(4),193-206. <a href="http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/suppl_4/S193.long#sec-28">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Results:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories. <a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38-40. <a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address. <a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour60Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour602014-10-17T23:28:19Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Future</h3><br />
<br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">”To infinity, and beyond!” – <b>Buzz Lightyear</b> in Toy Story</font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<img align="right" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/8/83/2014SDUfuture3.png" style="width:400px" /><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro"> The future aspects of </span> our project, the Edible coli, mainly comprise the question: “Would people ever accept microorganisms as a comestible?”<br><br><br />
<span class="intro">Through synthetic biology, the</span> list of possibilities for changing the characteristics of different microorganisms is endless. To modify a strain of <i>E. coli</i> to become an edible and nutritional bacteria, by converting non-edible material, would be an advantageous food supply, since <i>E. coli</i>, and many microorganisms in general, have a rapid growth and, in most cases, easy<br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">cultivation.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories.<br />
<a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a><br />
</span><br />
<br />
The idea about making the Edible coli’s own nutrition supply consist of otherwise non-edible or -degradable material is the greatest advantage of this specific genetically modified microorganism though, since this makes the Edible coli a sustainable food supply.<br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:300px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/f7/2014SDUfuture2.png" title="Will the world ever be ready for microorganisms as a food source?"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/99/2014SDUfuture1.png" style="width:300px" /><br />
</a><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">As mentioned in the</span> section; “Facts and statistics”, many people currently suffer from hunger and undernourishment. Along with this, humanity consume 1.5 of the Earth’s total biocapacity every year, which means that the biocapacity will decrease, like it already has been<br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference">decreasing.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. P. 38-40. <br />
<a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf " target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
With the exponential growth of the human population, this reduction of the biocapacity will only decrease faster and <br />
<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> faster,</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address.<br />
<a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span><br />
<br />
and humanity will thus lack a food supply in the future – an alternative food source is needed. The Edible coli is a proposal for this, but could only be accomplished through synthetic biology.This of course implies some ethical issues as discussed in the "Ethics" section. Synthetic biology and genetic modification, first and foremost, have a great opposition to overcome, regarding implementing these techniques in the production of food. <br><br><br />
<span class="intro">Apart from these considerations,</span> for the Edible coli to become a reality, several more experiments has to be accomplished which will be discussed under next steps.<br />
<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour44Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour442014-10-17T23:27:08Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Flavor improvement</h3><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The smell of <i>E. coli</i></span> as we know it, from working in the lab using LB media, is not delicious. The first thought <br />
that comes to mind is not how much you would like to taste it - so we wanted to make <i>E. coli</i> taste and <br />
smell delicious. In order for us to do so, we wanted to make a limonene construct synthesizing limonene <br />
controlled by pTet. In iGEM parts registry, two parts encoding the limonene synthase 1 exists. We decided <br />
to use both parts and thus make two constructs in order to test which one is the most useful and has a <br />
more enhanced production of limonene than the other has. The parts are to be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K118024">Bba_K118024</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_I742110">Bba_I742110</a>. Bba_K118024 encodes appY and dxs – Bba_I742110 does not. appY and dxs <br />
increases the production of limonene, so we expect Bba_K118024 to show a more enhanced production of <br />
limonene than<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> Bba_I742110.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Kang, M. J., et al.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in<br />
Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91: 5, p. 636-642.<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to the</span> limonene synthesis, we acquired an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> YYC912 strain from the Coli Genetic Stock Center. This strain differs from the wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 in that it does not produce indole. Our goal was to examine the smell of the odor-free strain compared to the wild type. That way we would determine which strain would be best suited for our Edible coli project. We also wished to clone the limonene constructs into the odor-free strain, to investigate if the lemony smell is more prevalent than in the wild type. Though due to time restraints this was not accomplished.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This comparison should show</span> if there was a difference in the odor of the limonene synthesizing strains and the ones that did not produce limonene, and if the odor was improved. The way we wanted to test this, was <br />
to set up a blind test using overnight cultures of <i>E. coli</i> K12 wild-type, odor-free <i>E. coli</i> and the two limonene <br />
constructs in wild-type <i>E. coli</i> K12 (since transformation of limonene constructs into the odor-free strain<br />
did not succeed). The bacteria were supposed to be grown in minimal media, but since we received the<br />
sequencing data, saying that the ligations were not successful, we did not carry out the experiment. <br><br />
<br />
<p><span class="intro">We decided to investigate</span> the difference between the odor-free and wild type strain. Because the focus of interest is on the difference in odor, we decided to analyze the two strains with Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (IMS). Since IMS analyzes molecules in the gas phase, this analytical technique is particularly suitable for our investigations. In order to minimize the effect of the media, M9 Minimal media was used to grow the two strains. </p> <br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:390px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ee/2014SDUflavor1big.jpg" title="Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUflavor1small.jpg" style="width:390px" /><br />
Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:390px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0f/2014SDUflavor2big.jpg" title="Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/fb/2014SDUflavor2small.jpg" style="width:390px" /><br />
Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br><br />
<p>The graphs in figure 1 and 2 shows the results from the IMS analysis. Along the horizontal axis is the reciprocal of the reduced mobility (K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>), along the vertical axis is intensity and along the axis going towards and away from the viewer is the retention time. At first sight it can be seen that the two spectra are somewhat different from each other, which substantiate that the two strains are different. The difference between the odor-free strain and wild type is, as mentioned, that the odor-free strain should not produce <br />
<span class="sourceReference">indole</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
iGEM, 2006: Registry of Standard Biological Parts, <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J45999:Experience" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. We therefor wished to investigate whether the indole peak was present for the wild type and not the odor free. The indole in <i>E. coli</i> has earlier been found at <br />
<span class="sourceReference">K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>=0.556 s V cm<sup>-2</sup></span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span> <br />
Ochoa, M. L., et. al.: Characterization and Differentiation of Bacteria Using In Situ Derivatization Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Whole Cells and Chemometric Modeling, Ohio University, 2004, p. 25 <a href="http://www.medatsoft.de/isims/pdf/7/1/Mariela_Ochoa_IJIMS_7_2004_1.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. In figure 3 the spectra is shown for wild type (WT), odor-free (OF) and air. As can be seen from the spectra there is a peak for wild type at 0.556 that is more intense than the two others. This indicates the indole produced by wild type <i>E. coli</i>. The spectra for the odor-free strain can be seen to follow the spectra for air. This shows that indole is not produced by the odor-free strain.</p><br />
<br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:400px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: IMS spectrum of wild type, odor-free, and air at RT=3."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0b/2014SDUflavor3.jpg" style="width:400px" /><br />
Figure 3: IMS spectrum of wild type, odor-free, and air at RT=3.<br />
</div><br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour44Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour442014-10-17T23:26:43Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Flavor improvement</h3><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The smell of <i>E. coli</i></span> as we know it, from working in the lab using LB media, is not delicious. The first thought <br />
that comes to mind is not how much you would like to taste it - so we wanted to make <i>E. coli</i> taste and <br />
smell delicious. In order for us to do so, we wanted to make a limonene construct synthesizing limonene <br />
controlled by pTet. In iGEM parts registry, two parts encoding the limonene synthase 1 exists. We decided <br />
to use both parts and thus make two constructs in order to test which one is the most useful and has a <br />
more enhanced production of limonene than the other has. The parts are to be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K118024">Bba_K118024</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_I742110">Bba_I742110</a>. Bba_K118024 encodes appY and dxs – Bba_I742110 does not. appY and dxs <br />
increases the production of limonene, so we expect Bba_K118024 to show a more enhanced production of <br />
limonene than<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> Bba_I742110.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Kang, M. J., et al.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in<br />
Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91: 5, p. 636-642.<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to the</span> limonene synthesis, we acquired an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> YYC912 strain from the Coli Genetic Stock Center. This strain differs from the wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 in that it does not produce indole. Our goal was to examine the smell of the odor-free strain compared to the wild type. That way we would determine which strain would be best suited for our Edible coli project. We also wished to clone the limonene constructs into the odor-free strain, to investigate if the lemony smell is more prevalent than in the wild type. Though due to time restraints this was not accomplished.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This comparison should show</span> if there was a difference in the odor of the limonene synthesizing strains and the ones that did not produce limonene, and if the odor was improved. The way we wanted to test this, was <br />
to set up a blind test using overnight cultures of <i>E. coli</i> K12 wild-type, odor-free <i>E. coli</i> and the two limonene <br />
constructs in wild-type <i>E. coli</i> K12 (since transformation of limonene constructs into the odor-free strain<br />
did not succeed). The bacteria were supposed to be grown in minimal media, but since we received the<br />
sequencing data, saying that the ligations were not successful, we did not carry out the experiment. <br><br />
<br />
<p><span class="intro">We decided to investigate</span> the difference between the odor-free and wild type strain. Because the focus of interest is on the difference in odor, we decided to analyze the two strains with Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (IMS). Since IMS analyzes molecules in the gas phase, this analytical technique is particularly suitable for our investigations. In order to minimize the effect of the media, M9 Minimal media was used to grow the two strains. </p> <br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:390px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ee/2014SDUflavor1big.jpg" title="Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUflavor1small.jpg" style="width:390px" /><br />
Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:390px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0f/2014SDUflavor2big.jpg" title="Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/fb/2014SDUflavor2small.jpg" style="width:390px" /><br />
Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br><br />
<p>The graphs in figure 1 and 2 shows the results from the IMS analysis. Along the horizontal axis is the reciprocal of the reduced mobility (K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>), along the vertical axis is intensity and along the axis going towards and away from the viewer is the retention time. At first sight it can be seen that the two spectra are somewhat different from each other, which substantiate that the two strains are different. The difference between the odor-free strain and wild type is, as mentioned, that the odor-free strain should not produce <br />
<span class="sourceReference">indole</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
iGEM, 2006: Registry of Standard Biological Parts, <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J45999:Experience" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. We therefor wished to investigate whether the indole peak was present for the wild type and not the odor free. The indole in <i>E. coli</i> has earlier been found at <br />
<span class="sourceReference">K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>=0.556 s V cm<sup>-2</sup></span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span> <br />
Ochoa, M. L., et. al.: Characterization and Differentiation of Bacteria Using In Situ Derivatization Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Whole Cells and Chemometric Modeling, Ohio University, 2004, p. 25 <a href="http://www.medatsoft.de/isims/pdf/7/1/Mariela_Ochoa_IJIMS_7_2004_1.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. In figure 3 the spectra is shown for wild type (WT), odor-free (OF) and air. As can be seen from the spectra there is a peak for wild type at 0.556 that is more intense than the two others. This indicates the indole produced by wild type <i>E. coli</i>. The spectra for the odor-free strain can be seen to follow the spectra for air. This shows that indole is not produced by the odor-free strain.</p><br />
<br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:444px" target="_blank" title="Figure 3: IMS spectrum of wild type, odor-free, and air at RT=3."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0b/2014SDUflavor3.jpg" style="width:444px" /><br />
Figure 3: IMS spectrum of wild type, odor-free, and air at RT=3.<br />
</div><br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/File:2014SDUflavor3.jpgFile:2014SDUflavor3.jpg2014-10-17T23:24:57Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour44Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour442014-10-17T23:21:35Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Flavor improvement</h3><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The smell of <i>E. coli</i></span> as we know it, from working in the lab using LB media, is not delicious. The first thought <br />
that comes to mind is not how much you would like to taste it - so we wanted to make <i>E. coli</i> taste and <br />
smell delicious. In order for us to do so, we wanted to make a limonene construct synthesizing limonene <br />
controlled by pTet. In iGEM parts registry, two parts encoding the limonene synthase 1 exists. We decided <br />
to use both parts and thus make two constructs in order to test which one is the most useful and has a <br />
more enhanced production of limonene than the other has. The parts are to be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K118024">Bba_K118024</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_I742110">Bba_I742110</a>. Bba_K118024 encodes appY and dxs – Bba_I742110 does not. appY and dxs <br />
increases the production of limonene, so we expect Bba_K118024 to show a more enhanced production of <br />
limonene than<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> Bba_I742110.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Kang, M. J., et al.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in<br />
Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91: 5, p. 636-642.<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to the</span> limonene synthesis, we acquired an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> YYC912 strain from the Coli Genetic Stock Center. This strain differs from the wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 in that it does not produce indole. Our goal was to examine the smell of the odor-free strain compared to the wild type. That way we would determine which strain would be best suited for our Edible coli project. We also wished to clone the limonene constructs into the odor-free strain, to investigate if the lemony smell is more prevalent than in the wild type. Though due to time restraints this was not accomplished.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This comparison should show</span> if there was a difference in the odor of the limonene synthesizing strains and the ones that did not produce limonene, and if the odor was improved. The way we wanted to test this, was <br />
to set up a blind test using overnight cultures of <i>E. coli</i> K12 wild-type, odor-free <i>E. coli</i> and the two limonene <br />
constructs in wild-type <i>E. coli</i> K12 (since transformation of limonene constructs into the odor-free strain<br />
did not succeed). The bacteria were supposed to be grown in minimal media, but since we received the<br />
sequencing data, saying that the ligations were not successful, we did not carry out the experiment. <br><br />
<br />
<p><span class="intro">We decided to investigate</span> the difference between the odor-free and wild type strain. Because the focus of interest is on the difference in odor, we decided to analyze the two strains with Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (IMS). Since IMS analyzes molecules in the gas phase, this analytical technique is particularly suitable for our investigations. In order to minimize the effect of the media, M9 Minimal media was used to grow the two strains. </p> <br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:390px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ee/2014SDUflavor1big.jpg" title="Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUflavor1small.jpg" style="width:390px" /><br />
Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:390px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0f/2014SDUflavor2big.jpg" title="Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/fb/2014SDUflavor2small.jpg" style="width:390px" /><br />
Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br><br />
<p>The graphs in figure 1 and 2 shows the results from the IMS analysis. Along the horizontal axis is the reciprocal of the reduced mobility (K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>), along the vertical axis is intensity and along the axis going towards and away from the viewer is the retention time. At first sight it can be seen that the two spectra are somewhat different from each other, which substantiate that the two strains are different. The difference between the odor-free strain and wild type is, as mentioned, that the odor-free strain should not produce <br />
<span class="sourceReference">indole</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
iGEM, 2006: Registry of Standard Biological Parts, <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J45999:Experience" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. We therefor wished to investigate whether the indole peak was present for the wild type and not the odor free. The indole in <i>E. coli</i> has earlier been found at <br />
<span class="sourceReference">K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>=0.556 s V cm<sup>-2</sup></span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span> <br />
Ochoa, M. L., et. al.: Characterization and Differentiation of Bacteria Using In Situ Derivatization Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Whole Cells and Chemometric Modeling, Ohio University, 2004, p. 25 <a href="http://www.medatsoft.de/isims/pdf/7/1/Mariela_Ochoa_IJIMS_7_2004_1.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. In figure 3 the spectra is shown for wild type (WT), odor-free (OF) and air. As can be seen from the spectra there is a peak for wild type at 0.556 that is more intense than the two others. This indicates the indole produced by wild type <i>E. coli</i>. The spectra for the odor-free strain can be seen to follow the spectra for air. This shows that indole is not produced by the odor-free strain.</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour44Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour442014-10-17T23:21:09Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Flavor improvement</h3><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The smell of <i>E. coli</i></span> as we know it, from working in the lab using LB media, is not delicious. The first thought <br />
that comes to mind is not how much you would like to taste it - so we wanted to make <i>E. coli</i> taste and <br />
smell delicious. In order for us to do so, we wanted to make a limonene construct synthesizing limonene <br />
controlled by pTet. In iGEM parts registry, two parts encoding the limonene synthase 1 exists. We decided <br />
to use both parts and thus make two constructs in order to test which one is the most useful and has a <br />
more enhanced production of limonene than the other has. The parts are to be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K118024">Bba_K118024</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_I742110">Bba_I742110</a>. Bba_K118024 encodes appY and dxs – Bba_I742110 does not. appY and dxs <br />
increases the production of limonene, so we expect Bba_K118024 to show a more enhanced production of <br />
limonene than<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> Bba_I742110.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Kang, M. J., et al.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in<br />
Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91: 5, p. 636-642.<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to the</span> limonene synthesis, we acquired an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> YYC912 strain from the Coli Genetic Stock Center. This strain differs from the wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 in that it does not produce indole. Our goal was to examine the smell of the odor-free strain compared to the wild type. That way we would determine which strain would be best suited for our Edible coli project. We also wished to clone the limonene constructs into the odor-free strain, to investigate if the lemony smell is more prevalent than in the wild type. Though due to time restraints this was not accomplished.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This comparison should show</span> if there was a difference in the odor of the limonene synthesizing strains and the ones that did not produce limonene, and if the odor was improved. The way we wanted to test this, was <br />
to set up a blind test using overnight cultures of <i>E. coli</i> K12 wild-type, odor-free <i>E. coli</i> and the two limonene <br />
constructs in wild-type <i>E. coli</i> K12 (since transformation of limonene constructs into the odor-free strain<br />
did not succeed). The bacteria were supposed to be grown in minimal media, but since we received the<br />
sequencing data, saying that the ligations were not successful, we did not carry out the experiment. <br><br />
<br />
<p><span class="intro">We decided to investigate</span> the difference between the odor-free and wild type strain. Because the focus of interest is on the difference in odor, we decided to analyze the two strains with Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (IMS). Since IMS analyzes molecules in the gas phase, this analytical technique is particularly suitable for our investigations. In order to minimize the effect of the media, M9 Minimal media was used to grow the two strains. </p> <br><br><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:390px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ee/2014SDUflavor1big.jpg" title="Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUflavor1small.jpg" style="width:390px" /><br />
Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:390px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0f/2014SDUflavor2big.jpg" title="Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/fb/2014SDUflavor2small.jpg" style="width:390px" /><br />
Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p>The graphs in figure 1 and 2 shows the results from the IMS analysis. Along the horizontal axis is the reciprocal of the reduced mobility (K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>), along the vertical axis is intensity and along the axis going towards and away from the viewer is the retention time. At first sight it can be seen that the two spectra are somewhat different from each other, which substantiate that the two strains are different. The difference between the odor-free strain and wild type is, as mentioned, that the odor-free strain should not produce <br />
<span class="sourceReference">indole</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
iGEM, 2006: Registry of Standard Biological Parts, <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J45999:Experience" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. We therefor wished to investigate whether the indole peak was present for the wild type and not the odor free. The indole in <i>E. coli</i> has earlier been found at <br />
<span class="sourceReference">K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>=0.556 s V cm<sup>-2</sup></span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span> <br />
Ochoa, M. L., et. al.: Characterization and Differentiation of Bacteria Using In Situ Derivatization Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Whole Cells and Chemometric Modeling, Ohio University, 2004, p. 25 <a href="http://www.medatsoft.de/isims/pdf/7/1/Mariela_Ochoa_IJIMS_7_2004_1.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. In figure 3 the spectra is shown for wild type (WT), odor-free (OF) and air. As can be seen from the spectra there is a peak for wild type at 0.556 that is more intense than the two others. This indicates the indole produced by wild type <i>E. coli</i>. The spectra for the odor-free strain can be seen to follow the spectra for air. This shows that indole is not produced by the odor-free strain.</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour44Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour442014-10-17T23:20:43Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Flavor improvement</h3><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The smell of <i>E. coli</i></span> as we know it, from working in the lab using LB media, is not delicious. The first thought <br />
that comes to mind is not how much you would like to taste it - so we wanted to make <i>E. coli</i> taste and <br />
smell delicious. In order for us to do so, we wanted to make a limonene construct synthesizing limonene <br />
controlled by pTet. In iGEM parts registry, two parts encoding the limonene synthase 1 exists. We decided <br />
to use both parts and thus make two constructs in order to test which one is the most useful and has a <br />
more enhanced production of limonene than the other has. The parts are to be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K118024">Bba_K118024</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_I742110">Bba_I742110</a>. Bba_K118024 encodes appY and dxs – Bba_I742110 does not. appY and dxs <br />
increases the production of limonene, so we expect Bba_K118024 to show a more enhanced production of <br />
limonene than<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> Bba_I742110.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Kang, M. J., et al.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in<br />
Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91: 5, p. 636-642.<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to the</span> limonene synthesis, we acquired an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> YYC912 strain from the Coli Genetic Stock Center. This strain differs from the wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 in that it does not produce indole. Our goal was to examine the smell of the odor-free strain compared to the wild type. That way we would determine which strain would be best suited for our Edible coli project. We also wished to clone the limonene constructs into the odor-free strain, to investigate if the lemony smell is more prevalent than in the wild type. Though due to time restraints this was not accomplished.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This comparison should show</span> if there was a difference in the odor of the limonene synthesizing strains and the ones that did not produce limonene, and if the odor was improved. The way we wanted to test this, was <br />
to set up a blind test using overnight cultures of <i>E. coli</i> K12 wild-type, odor-free <i>E. coli</i> and the two limonene <br />
constructs in wild-type <i>E. coli</i> K12 (since transformation of limonene constructs into the odor-free strain<br />
did not succeed). The bacteria were supposed to be grown in minimal media, but since we received the<br />
sequencing data, saying that the ligations were not successful, we did not carry out the experiment. <br><br />
<br />
<p><span class="intro">We decided to investigate</span> the difference between the odor-free and wild type strain. Because the focus of interest is on the difference in odor, we decided to analyze the two strains with Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (IMS). Since IMS analyzes molecules in the gas phase, this analytical technique is particularly suitable for our investigations. In order to minimize the effect of the media, M9 Minimal media was used to grow the two strains. </p> <br><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:390px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ee/2014SDUflavor1big.jpg" title="Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUflavor1small.jpg" style="width:390px" /><br />
Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:390px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0f/2014SDUflavor2big.jpg" title="Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/fb/2014SDUflavor2small.jpg" style="width:390px" /><br />
Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p>The graphs in figure 1 and 2 shows the results from the IMS analysis. Along the horizontal axis is the reciprocal of the reduced mobility (K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>), along the vertical axis is intensity and along the axis going towards and away from the viewer is the retention time. At first sight it can be seen that the two spectra are somewhat different from each other, which substantiate that the two strains are different. The difference between the odor-free strain and wild type is, as mentioned, that the odor-free strain should not produce <br />
<span class="sourceReference">indole</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
iGEM, 2006: Registry of Standard Biological Parts, <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J45999:Experience" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. We therefor wished to investigate whether the indole peak was present for the wild type and not the odor free. The indole in <i>E. coli</i> has earlier been found at <br />
<span class="sourceReference">K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>=0.556 s V cm<sup>-2</sup></span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span> <br />
Ochoa, M. L., et. al.: Characterization and Differentiation of Bacteria Using In Situ Derivatization Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Whole Cells and Chemometric Modeling, Ohio University, 2004, p. 25 <a href="http://www.medatsoft.de/isims/pdf/7/1/Mariela_Ochoa_IJIMS_7_2004_1.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. In figure 3 the spectra is shown for wild type (WT), odor-free (OF) and air. As can be seen from the spectra there is a peak for wild type at 0.556 that is more intense than the two others. This indicates the indole produced by wild type <i>E. coli</i>. The spectra for the odor-free strain can be seen to follow the spectra for air. This shows that indole is not produced by the odor-free strain.</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour44Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour442014-10-17T23:20:11Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Flavor improvement</h3><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The smell of <i>E. coli</i></span> as we know it, from working in the lab using LB media, is not delicious. The first thought <br />
that comes to mind is not how much you would like to taste it - so we wanted to make <i>E. coli</i> taste and <br />
smell delicious. In order for us to do so, we wanted to make a limonene construct synthesizing limonene <br />
controlled by pTet. In iGEM parts registry, two parts encoding the limonene synthase 1 exists. We decided <br />
to use both parts and thus make two constructs in order to test which one is the most useful and has a <br />
more enhanced production of limonene than the other has. The parts are to be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K118024">Bba_K118024</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_I742110">Bba_I742110</a>. Bba_K118024 encodes appY and dxs – Bba_I742110 does not. appY and dxs <br />
increases the production of limonene, so we expect Bba_K118024 to show a more enhanced production of <br />
limonene than<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> Bba_I742110.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Kang, M. J., et al.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in<br />
Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91: 5, p. 636-642.<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to the</span> limonene synthesis, we acquired an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> YYC912 strain from the Coli Genetic Stock Center. This strain differs from the wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 in that it does not produce indole. Our goal was to examine the smell of the odor-free strain compared to the wild type. That way we would determine which strain would be best suited for our Edible coli project. We also wished to clone the limonene constructs into the odor-free strain, to investigate if the lemony smell is more prevalent than in the wild type. Though due to time restraints this was not accomplished.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This comparison should show</span> if there was a difference in the odor of the limonene synthesizing strains and the ones that did not produce limonene, and if the odor was improved. The way we wanted to test this, was <br />
to set up a blind test using overnight cultures of <i>E. coli</i> K12 wild-type, odor-free <i>E. coli</i> and the two limonene <br />
constructs in wild-type <i>E. coli</i> K12 (since transformation of limonene constructs into the odor-free strain<br />
did not succeed). The bacteria were supposed to be grown in minimal media, but since we received the<br />
sequencing data, saying that the ligations were not successful, we did not carry out the experiment. <br><br />
<br />
<p><span class="intro">We decided to investigate</span> the difference between the odor-free and wild type strain. Because the focus of interest is on the difference in odor, we decided to analyze the two strains with Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (IMS). Since IMS analyzes molecules in the gas phase, this analytical technique is particularly suitable for our investigations. In order to minimize the effect of the media, M9 Minimal media was used to grow the two strains. </p> <br><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:400px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ee/2014SDUflavor1big.jpg" title="Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUflavor1small.jpg" style="width:400px" /><br />
Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:400px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0f/2014SDUflavor2big.jpg" title="Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/fb/2014SDUflavor2small.jpg" style="width:400px" /><br />
Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p>The graphs in figure 1 and 2 shows the results from the IMS analysis. Along the horizontal axis is the reciprocal of the reduced mobility (K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>), along the vertical axis is intensity and along the axis going towards and away from the viewer is the retention time. At first sight it can be seen that the two spectra are somewhat different from each other, which substantiate that the two strains are different. The difference between the odor-free strain and wild type is, as mentioned, that the odor-free strain should not produce <br />
<span class="sourceReference">indole</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
iGEM, 2006: Registry of Standard Biological Parts, <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J45999:Experience" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. We therefor wished to investigate whether the indole peak was present for the wild type and not the odor free. The indole in <i>E. coli</i> has earlier been found at <br />
<span class="sourceReference">K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>=0.556 s V cm<sup>-2</sup></span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span> <br />
Ochoa, M. L., et. al.: Characterization and Differentiation of Bacteria Using In Situ Derivatization Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Whole Cells and Chemometric Modeling, Ohio University, 2004, p. 25 <a href="http://www.medatsoft.de/isims/pdf/7/1/Mariela_Ochoa_IJIMS_7_2004_1.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. In figure 3 the spectra is shown for wild type (WT), odor-free (OF) and air. As can be seen from the spectra there is a peak for wild type at 0.556 that is more intense than the two others. This indicates the indole produced by wild type <i>E. coli</i>. The spectra for the odor-free strain can be seen to follow the spectra for air. This shows that indole is not produced by the odor-free strain.</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour44Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour442014-10-17T23:19:38Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Flavor improvement</h3><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The smell of <i>E. coli</i></span> as we know it, from working in the lab using LB media, is not delicious. The first thought <br />
that comes to mind is not how much you would like to taste it - so we wanted to make <i>E. coli</i> taste and <br />
smell delicious. In order for us to do so, we wanted to make a limonene construct synthesizing limonene <br />
controlled by pTet. In iGEM parts registry, two parts encoding the limonene synthase 1 exists. We decided <br />
to use both parts and thus make two constructs in order to test which one is the most useful and has a <br />
more enhanced production of limonene than the other has. The parts are to be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K118024">Bba_K118024</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_I742110">Bba_I742110</a>. Bba_K118024 encodes appY and dxs – Bba_I742110 does not. appY and dxs <br />
increases the production of limonene, so we expect Bba_K118024 to show a more enhanced production of <br />
limonene than<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> Bba_I742110.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Kang, M. J., et al.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in<br />
Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91: 5, p. 636-642.<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to the</span> limonene synthesis, we acquired an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> YYC912 strain from the Coli Genetic Stock Center. This strain differs from the wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 in that it does not produce indole. Our goal was to examine the smell of the odor-free strain compared to the wild type. That way we would determine which strain would be best suited for our Edible coli project. We also wished to clone the limonene constructs into the odor-free strain, to investigate if the lemony smell is more prevalent than in the wild type. Though due to time restraints this was not accomplished.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This comparison should show</span> if there was a difference in the odor of the limonene synthesizing strains and the ones that did not produce limonene, and if the odor was improved. The way we wanted to test this, was <br />
to set up a blind test using overnight cultures of <i>E. coli</i> K12 wild-type, odor-free <i>E. coli</i> and the two limonene <br />
constructs in wild-type <i>E. coli</i> K12 (since transformation of limonene constructs into the odor-free strain<br />
did not succeed). The bacteria were supposed to be grown in minimal media, but since we received the<br />
sequencing data, saying that the ligations were not successful, we did not carry out the experiment. <br><br />
<br />
<p><span class="intro">We decided to investigate</span> the difference between the odor-free and wild type strain. Because the focus of interest is on the difference in odor, we decided to analyze the two strains with Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (IMS). Since IMS analyzes molecules in the gas phase, this analytical technique is particularly suitable for our investigations. In order to minimize the effect of the media, M9 Minimal media was used to grow the two strains. </p> <br><br />
<br />
<div><br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:350px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ee/2014SDUflavor1big.jpg" title="Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUflavor1small.jpg" style="width:350px" /><br />
Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:350px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0f/2014SDUflavor2big.jpg" title="Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/fb/2014SDUflavor2small.jpg" style="width:350px" /><br />
Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912.<br />
</a><br />
</div><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p>The graphs in figure 1 and 2 shows the results from the IMS analysis. Along the horizontal axis is the reciprocal of the reduced mobility (K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>), along the vertical axis is intensity and along the axis going towards and away from the viewer is the retention time. At first sight it can be seen that the two spectra are somewhat different from each other, which substantiate that the two strains are different. The difference between the odor-free strain and wild type is, as mentioned, that the odor-free strain should not produce <br />
<span class="sourceReference">indole</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
iGEM, 2006: Registry of Standard Biological Parts, <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J45999:Experience" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. We therefor wished to investigate whether the indole peak was present for the wild type and not the odor free. The indole in <i>E. coli</i> has earlier been found at <br />
<span class="sourceReference">K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>=0.556 s V cm<sup>-2</sup></span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span> <br />
Ochoa, M. L., et. al.: Characterization and Differentiation of Bacteria Using In Situ Derivatization Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Whole Cells and Chemometric Modeling, Ohio University, 2004, p. 25 <a href="http://www.medatsoft.de/isims/pdf/7/1/Mariela_Ochoa_IJIMS_7_2004_1.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. In figure 3 the spectra is shown for wild type (WT), odor-free (OF) and air. As can be seen from the spectra there is a peak for wild type at 0.556 that is more intense than the two others. This indicates the indole produced by wild type <i>E. coli</i>. The spectra for the odor-free strain can be seen to follow the spectra for air. This shows that indole is not produced by the odor-free strain.</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
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{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour44Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour442014-10-17T23:18:41Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
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<h3>Flavor improvement</h3><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The smell of <i>E. coli</i></span> as we know it, from working in the lab using LB media, is not delicious. The first thought <br />
that comes to mind is not how much you would like to taste it - so we wanted to make <i>E. coli</i> taste and <br />
smell delicious. In order for us to do so, we wanted to make a limonene construct synthesizing limonene <br />
controlled by pTet. In iGEM parts registry, two parts encoding the limonene synthase 1 exists. We decided <br />
to use both parts and thus make two constructs in order to test which one is the most useful and has a <br />
more enhanced production of limonene than the other has. The parts are to be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K118024">Bba_K118024</a> and <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_I742110">Bba_I742110</a>. Bba_K118024 encodes appY and dxs – Bba_I742110 does not. appY and dxs <br />
increases the production of limonene, so we expect Bba_K118024 to show a more enhanced production of <br />
limonene than<br />
<span class="sourceReference"> Bba_I742110.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Kang, M. J., et al.: Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in<br />
Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91: 5, p. 636-642.<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898075" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span> <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In addition to the</span> limonene synthesis, we acquired an odor-free <i>E. coli</i> YYC912 strain from the Coli Genetic Stock Center. This strain differs from the wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655 in that it does not produce indole. Our goal was to examine the smell of the odor-free strain compared to the wild type. That way we would determine which strain would be best suited for our Edible coli project. We also wished to clone the limonene constructs into the odor-free strain, to investigate if the lemony smell is more prevalent than in the wild type. Though due to time restraints this was not accomplished.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">This comparison should show</span> if there was a difference in the odor of the limonene synthesizing strains and the ones that did not produce limonene, and if the odor was improved. The way we wanted to test this, was <br />
to set up a blind test using overnight cultures of <i>E. coli</i> K12 wild-type, odor-free <i>E. coli</i> and the two limonene <br />
constructs in wild-type <i>E. coli</i> K12 (since transformation of limonene constructs into the odor-free strain<br />
did not succeed). The bacteria were supposed to be grown in minimal media, but since we received the<br />
sequencing data, saying that the ligations were not successful, we did not carry out the experiment. <br><br />
<br />
<p><span class="intro">We decided to investigate</span> the difference between the odor-free and wild type strain. Because the focus of interest is on the difference in odor, we decided to analyze the two strains with Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (IMS). Since IMS analyzes molecules in the gas phase, this analytical technique is particularly suitable for our investigations. In order to minimize the effect of the media, M9 Minimal media was used to grow the two strains. </p> <br><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignLeft" style="width:350px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/ee/2014SDUflavor1big.jpg" title="Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/9/9f/2014SDUflavor1small.jpg" style="width:350px" /><br />
Figure 1: IMS spectrum of wild type <i>E. coli</i> K12 MG1655.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<a class="popupImg alignRight" style="width:350px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/0/0f/2014SDUflavor2big.jpg" title="Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/f/fb/2014SDUflavor2small.jpg" style="width:350px" /><br />
Figure 2: IMS spectrum of odor-free strain YYC912.<br />
</a><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p>The graphs in figure 1 and 2 shows the results from the IMS analysis. Along the horizontal axis is the reciprocal of the reduced mobility (K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>), along the vertical axis is intensity and along the axis going towards and away from the viewer is the retention time. At first sight it can be seen that the two spectra are somewhat different from each other, which substantiate that the two strains are different. The difference between the odor-free strain and wild type is, as mentioned, that the odor-free strain should not produce <br />
<span class="sourceReference">indole</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
iGEM, 2006: Registry of Standard Biological Parts, <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J45999:Experience" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. We therefor wished to investigate whether the indole peak was present for the wild type and not the odor free. The indole in <i>E. coli</i> has earlier been found at <br />
<span class="sourceReference">K<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup>=0.556 s V cm<sup>-2</sup></span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span> <br />
Ochoa, M. L., et. al.: Characterization and Differentiation of Bacteria Using In Situ Derivatization Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Whole Cells and Chemometric Modeling, Ohio University, 2004, p. 25 <a href="http://www.medatsoft.de/isims/pdf/7/1/Mariela_Ochoa_IJIMS_7_2004_1.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></span>. In figure 3 the spectra is shown for wild type (WT), odor-free (OF) and air. As can be seen from the spectra there is a peak for wild type at 0.556 that is more intense than the two others. This indicates the indole produced by wild type <i>E. coli</i>. The spectra for the odor-free strain can be seen to follow the spectra for air. This shows that indole is not produced by the odor-free strain.</p><br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/File:2014SDUflavor2small.jpgFile:2014SDUflavor2small.jpg2014-10-17T23:17:32Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<div></div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/File:2014SDUflavor2big.jpgFile:2014SDUflavor2big.jpg2014-10-17T23:17:23Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<div></div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/File:2014SDUflavor1small.jpgFile:2014SDUflavor1small.jpg2014-10-17T23:15:47Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/File:2014SDUflavor1big.jpgFile:2014SDUflavor1big.jpg2014-10-17T23:15:14Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<div></div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/core/headerTeam:SDU-Denmark/core/header2014-10-17T23:08:23Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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</html></div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour14Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour142014-10-17T23:06:12Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
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<h3> Attributions </h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"If you want to become a great chef, you have to work with great chefs" - <b>Gordon Ramsay</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4> <i>Sponsors</i> </h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> our sponsor <a href="http://sdu.dk/">The University of Southern Denmark</a>, for<br />
funding our iGEM project. Especially we would like to thank <b>dean Henrik <br />
Pedersen</b> and the <b>Faculty of Science at University of Southern Denmark</b> - we are <br />
truly grateful for having this amazing possibility.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Laboratory support</h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> Associate Professor, Ph. D. <b>Jakob Møller Jensen</b> and<br />
the Microbiology group and also the rest of the <b>Department of Biochemistry <br />
and Molecular Biology</b> for letting us use their lab, providing laboratory <br />
equipment and helping us to do our work.<br />
</p><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Our instructors Academic Assistant <b>Tina Kronborg</b>, post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b>,<br />
stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen <br />
Krogh</b> have helped us the entire summer when crying for help. We are really grateful for all your <br />
help in every situation.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Maria Storm Mollerup</b> helped us with general questions in the lab.</li><br />
<li>Academic assistant <b>Eva Maria Sternkopf Lillebæk</b> helped with western blot and provided us with a<br />
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain. </li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Sabrina Brøner</b> helped us getting doxycyclin.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Anders Boysen</b> helped with western blot.</li><br />
<li>Medical Laboratory Technician <b>Simon Rose</b> introduced us to lab safety and behavior and helped us<br />
with our safety form.</li><br />
<li>From the University of Copenhagen professor, Ph.D., head of Section for Molecular Plant<br />
Biology, vice head of Copenhagen Plant science Centre <b>Poul Erik Jensen</b> who sent us a <br />
<i>Synechocystis sp.</i> PCC6803 strain.</li><br />
<li>Stud.Bsc.Sc. <b>Kristian Davidsen</b> from DTU provided us with USER polymerase.</li><br />
<li>Professor, Ph.D. <b>Nils Joakim Færgeman</b> helped us design a GC experiment and the toxicity essay on<br />
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li>Ph. D. fellow <b>Eva Bang Harvald</b> provided us with <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and information about<br />
what to do.</li><br />
<li>Professor Dr. rer. nat. habil. <b>Olaf-Georg Issinger</b> helped out with western blot gels.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow from University of Copenhagen <b>Nana Cecilie Halmsted Kongsholm</b> helped with ethics.</li><br />
<li>Postdoctoral fellow at the Medical Research Council <b>Julius Fredens</b> provided us with a plasmid<br />
containing FAT-2 originating from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li><b>The SDU iGEM team 2013</b> has provided great inspiration for the making of our wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Events support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> everyone who has helped us promote our project and iGEM by helping us arrange<br />
our events.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://www.studenterhus.dk/">Student house Odense</a> arranged an event where we could talk about iGEM and synthetic<br />
biology and hold a quiz night.</li><br />
<li><b>Syddanske studerende</b> let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the study trade<br />
fair.</li><br />
<li><b>IMCC</b> (International Medical Cooperation Committee) let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the<br />
study trade fair and at sundhedsmekka.</li><br />
<li>The <b>former SDU iGEM members</b> who met with us and heard about our project and what thoughts<br />
we were having.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> General support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We have received a lot of help</span> during our project - also help that was not in the lab or specific for the <br />
execution of our project. We would like thank all the people that have helped us one way or another.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>DTU</b> (Technical University of Denmark) had arranged a crash course in the lab for Danish iGEM teams and introduced us to primers,<br />
USER cloning and the design of the team wiki.</li><br />
<li><b>KU</b> (University of Copenhagen) arranged an ethics workshop for Danish iGEM teams.</li><br />
<li><b>YSB</b> (young synthetic biologist) arranged and held the UK iGEM meet-up and allowed our team to join the meet up and told<br />
us more about synthetic biology and had arranged different workshops.</li><br />
<li><span class="intro">Everyone</span> all over the world, <span class="intro">who has answered our questionnaire</span> about GMO and what they think<br />
about it being a food resource.</li><br />
<li><b>Jane Fornitz</b> from the company Ibsing & Fornitz ApS introduced us to the different types of<br />
personalities and how to work together with different personalities - this has been a great help for <br />
the teamwork.</li><br />
<li>Doctor <b>Yaa Difie-Osei</b> from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana and Professor <b>George Armah</b> from the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research helped us with our human practices regarding outreach and ethical considerations.</li><br />
<li><b>Bioscientific dissemination</b> at SDU gave us great feedback on our presentation in preparation of the jamboree.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Technical support </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us with programs used for modelling.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen<br />
Krogh</b> have helped us with sequencing results.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen Krogh</b> helped us designing our team wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Modelling </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Nicky Cordua Mattsson</b> helped us with the modelling of our system.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us all the way with our model.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Litterature support</h4><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. <a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Basic definitions. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Hunger, 2013: 2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics. <a href="http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address. <a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012: Nutrition for everyone. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/index.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Carbohydrates in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1154">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The World Bank, 2014: GNI per Capita, Atlas method (current US$). <a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Proteins in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1157">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Consumption of Fats in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1158">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO: Chapter 7 - Food, nutrients and diets. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0078e/w0078e08.htm#P7404_499006">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/ FAO/ UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition, 2002. Vol. 935.</li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. United Nations University, 2002. No. 935, p. 150-164. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who_trs_935_eng.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lynd, L.R., Weimer, P.J., van Zyl, P.H., and Isak, S.P.: Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2002. Vol. 66:3, p. 506-577. <a href="http://mmbr.asm.org/content/66/3/506.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lükcker, J., El Tamer, M.K., Schwab, W., Verstappen, F.V.A., van der Plas, L.H.V., Bouwmeester, H.J., and Verhoeven, H.A.: Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus Limon). European Journal of Biochemistry, 2002. Vol. 269:13, p. 3160-3171. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02985.x/full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Kang, M.J., Lee, Y.M., Yoon, S.H., Kim, J.H., Ock, S.W., Jung, K.H., Shin, Y.C., Keasling, J.D., and Kim, S.W.: Identification of Genes Affecting Lycopene Accumulation in Escherichia coli Using a Shot-Gun Method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91, p. 636-642. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.20539/pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M.:Lehninger – Principles of Biochemistry, fifth edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 2008. </li><br />
<li>Ruiz-López, N., Sayanova, O., Napier, J.A., and Haslam, R.P.: Metabolic engineering of the omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway into transgenic plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011. Vol. 63:7, p. 2397-2410. <a href="http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/7/2397.full#F1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Wada, H., Avelange-Macherel, M.H., and Murata, N.: The desA gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 is the structural gene for delta 12 desaturase. Journal of Bacteriology, 1993. Vol. 175:18, p. 6056-6058. <a href="http://jb.asm.org/content/175/18/6056.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sakamoto, T., Wada, H., Ohmori, M., Murata, N.: Δ9 Acyl-Lipid Desaturases of Cyanobacteria. The Journal of Boilogical Chemistry, 1994. Vol. 269:14, p. 25576-25580. <a href="http://www.jbc.org/content/269/41/25576.full.pdf+html">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Policy and Practices:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li> MicroBEnet: Microbial Myths: Common misconceptions about microbes (w/ some extra focus on those in the built environment), 2011. <a href="http://microbe.net/simple-guides/microbial-myths-common-misconceptions-about-microbes-in-the-built-environment/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Marris, C.: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths. EMBO reports, 2001. Vol. 2 p. 545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Gaskell, G., Stares, S., Allansdottir, A., Allum, N., Corchero, C., Fischler, C., Hampel, J., Jackson, J., Kronberger, N., Mejlgaard, N., Revuelta, G., Schreiner, C., Torgersen, H., and Wagner, W.: Europeans and Biotechnology in 2005: Patterns and Trends. Final report on Eurobarometer 64.3, 2006. P. 57. <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/eb_64_3_final_report_second_edition_july_06.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Hancock, R.D.: Recent Patents on Vitamin C: Opportunities for Crop Improvement and Single-Step Biological Manufacture. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 2009. Vol. 1, p. 39-49. <a href="http://www.northsearegion.eu/files/repository/20131027214538_UK-Enclosures30.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sauer, M., Porro, D, Mattanovich, D., and Branduardi, P.: Microbial production of organic acids: expanding the market. Elsevier, 2008. Cell Press, vol. 26:2, p. 100-108. <a href="http://awe.mol.uj.edu.pl/~allel/s6/pliki/mbPrz_seminaria/microbial%20production.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories. <a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Berg, J., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.: Biochemistry, Seventh Edition. W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd, 2011.</li><br />
<li> European Food Information Council, 1999: Lactic acid bacteria – their uses in food. <a href="http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/lactic-acid-bacteria/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Microbiology online: Bacteria. <a href="http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Gershon, E.: With you in the room, bacteria counts spike. Yale News, 2012. <a href="http://news.yale.edu/2012/03/28/you-room-bacteria-counts-spike " target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nielsen , J.: Betydningen af systembiologi for industriel bioteknologi. Biozoom, 2007. Vol. 2, p. 1-3.<a href=" http://www.biokemi.org/biozoom/issues/514/articles/2284" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Novo Nordisk: Use of gene technology at Novo Nordisk. <a href="http://www.novonordisk.com/old/press/environmental/er98/bioethics/useofgenetechnol.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Homepage of iGEM: Synthetic Biology – based on standard parts. <a href="http://www.igem.org/Main_Page" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms and amending Directive 2001/18/EC (Official Journal L 268, 18/10/2003 P. 0024 – 0028) </li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work. <a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Marshall, S: Genetically Modified Organisms and Food. Nutrition & Food Science, 1994.94:1,4-7. <a href="http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/00346659410048901">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mehta, M.: Public perceptions of genetically engineered foods: “Playing God” or trusting science Risk. Health, Safety and Environment, 2001. 12,205–220. <a href="http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1-bib.sdu.dk:2048/HOL/Page?page=205&handle=hein.journals%2Frisk12&collection=journals#213">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Davison, J.: GM plants: Science, politics and EC regulations. Plant Science, 2010. 178,94–98. <a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0168945209003112/1-s2.0-S0168945209003112-main.pdf?_tid=c48d628e-53ec-11e4-887a-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1413323890_f7d83fc2a2a2e02b4ca3ddd2d29e50f6">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Paarlberg, R.: GMO foods and crops: Africa's choice. New Biotechnology, 2010.27:5,609–613. <a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1871678410005145/1-s2.0-S1871678410005145-main.pdf?_tid=5c3337be-53f0-11e4-8037-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1413325433_bf176b0d95b0c58bff4107681984f1f8">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Viljoen, C.D and Marx, G.M.: The implications for mandatory GM labelling under the Consumer Protection Act in South Africa. Food Control, 2013.31:2,387–391. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713512005841#bib14">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Mehta, M.: Public perceptions of genetically engineered foods: “Playing God” or trusting science Risk. Health, Safety and Environment, 2001. 12,205–220. <a href="http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1-bib.sdu.dk:2048/HOL/Page?page=205&handle=hein.journals%2Frisk12&collection=journals#213">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Einsiedel, E.F.: Mental Maps of Science: Knowledge and attitude Among Canadian Adults. Int J Public Opin Res, 1994.6:1,35-44. <a href="http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/1/35.abstract">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Marris, C: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths.EMBO reports, 2001.2:7,545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO/UNU, expert consultation: Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization,2007.935,1-265. <a href="http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/WHO_TRS_935/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Peters, HP., Lang, JT., Sawicka, M., Hallman, WK: Culture and Technological Innovation: Impact of Institutional Trust and Appreciation of Nature on Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology in the USA and Germany. Int J Public Opin Res,2007.19:2,191-220. <a href="http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/2/191.full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Bartsch, D: GMO regulatory challenges and science: a European perspective. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety,2014. 9:1,51–S58. <a href="http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/30/art%253A10.1007%252Fs00003-014-0885-9.pdf?auth66=1413400769_528fc09b561921379eb90716446a4eee&ext=.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: WHO African region: Ghana. <a href="http://www.who.int/countries/gha/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Ghana. <a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010: Nutrition Country Profile: Ghana. <a href="http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/GHA_en.stm">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<h5>Interviews:</h5><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Ademola A. Adenle, E. Jane Morris, Govindan Parayil: Status of development, regulation and adoption of GM agriculture in Africa: Views and positions of stakeholder groups. Food Policy, 2013:43,159-166. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919213001346">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Swallow, Dallas M: Genetics of Lactase Persistence and Lactoseintolerance. Annu.Rev.Genet, 2003.37:197-219. <a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143820">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Child Mortality Estimates, 2014: Under-five mortality rate. <a href="http://www.childmortality.org/index.php?r=site/graph&ID=GHA_Ghana">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Health Organization, 2014: Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance. <a href="http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gha_en.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The Mal-ED Network Investigators: The MAL-ED Study: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Approach to Understand the Relationship Between Enteric Pathogens, Malnutrition, Gut Physiology, Physical Growth, Cognitive Development, and Immune Responses in Infants and Children Up to 2 Years of Age in Resource-Poor Environments. Clin Infect Dis,2014:59(4),193-206. <a href="http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/suppl_4/S193.long#sec-28">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">System design:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. United Nations University, 2002. No. 935, p. 164. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who_trs_935_eng.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour14Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour142014-10-17T22:47:26Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h3> Attributions </h3><br />
<p class='intro'><br />
<font color="3397FE">"If you want to become a great chef, you have to work with great chefs" - <b>Gordon Ramsay</b></font><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4> <i>Sponsors</i> </h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> our sponsor <a href="http://sdu.dk/">The University of Southern Denmark</a>, for<br />
funding our iGEM project. Especially we would like to thank <b>dean Henrik <br />
Pedersen</b> and the <b>Faculty of Science at University of Southern Denmark</b> - we are <br />
truly grateful for having this amazing possibility.<br />
</p><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Laboratory support</h4><br />
<br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> Associate Professor, Ph. D. <b>Jakob Møller Jensen</b> and<br />
the Microbiology group and also the rest of the <b>Department of Biochemistry <br />
and Molecular Biology</b> for letting us use their lab, providing laboratory <br />
equipment and helping us to do our work.<br />
</p><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Our instructors Academic Assistant <b>Tina Kronborg</b>, post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b>,<br />
stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen <br />
Krogh</b> have helped us the entire summer when crying for help. We are really grateful for all your <br />
help in every situation.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Maria Storm Mollerup</b> helped us with general questions in the lab.</li><br />
<li>Academic assistant <b>Eva Maria Sternkopf Lillebæk</b> helped with western blot and provided us with a<br />
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain. </li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow <b>Sabrina Brøner</b> helped us getting doxycyclin.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Anders Boysen</b> helped with western blot.</li><br />
<li>Medical Laboratory Technician <b>Simon Rose</b> introduced us to lab safety and behavior and helped us<br />
with our safety form.</li><br />
<li>From the University of Copenhagen professor, Ph.D., head of Section for Molecular Plant<br />
Biology, vice head of Copenhagen Plant science Centre <b>Poul Erik Jensen</b> who sent us a <br />
<i>Synechocystis sp.</i> PCC6803 strain.</li><br />
<li>Stud.Bsc.Sc. <b>Kristian Davidsen</b> from DTU provided us with USER polymerase.</li><br />
<li>Professor, Ph.D. <b>Nils Joakim Færgeman</b> helped us design a GC experiment and the toxicity essay on<br />
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li>Ph. D. fellow <b>Eva Bang Harvald</b> provided us with <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and information about<br />
what to do.</li><br />
<li>Professor Dr. rer. nat. habil. <b>Olaf-Georg Issinger</b> helped out with western blot gels.</li><br />
<li>Ph.D. fellow from University of Copenhagen <b>Nana Cecilie Halmsted Kongsholm</b> helped with ethics.</li><br />
<li>Postdoctoral fellow at the Medical Research Council <b>Julius Fredens</b> provided us with a plasmid<br />
containing FAT-2 originating from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.</li><br />
<li><b>The SDU iGEM team 2013</b> has provided great inspiration for the making of our wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<h4> Events support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We would like to thank</span> everyone who has helped us promote our project and iGEM by helping us arrange<br />
our events.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://www.studenterhus.dk/">Student house Odense</a> arranged an event where we could talk about iGEM and synthetic<br />
biology and hold a quiz night.</li><br />
<li><b>Syddanske studerende</b> let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the study trade<br />
fair.</li><br />
<li><b>IMCC</b> (International Medical Cooperation Committee) let us promote our own project and iGEM by having us at the<br />
study trade fair and at sundhedsmekka.</li><br />
<li>The <b>former SDU iGEM members</b> who met with us and heard about our project and what thoughts<br />
we were having.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> General support </h4><br />
<span class="intro">We have received a lot of help</span> during our project - also help that was not in the lab or specific for the <br />
execution of our project. We would like thank all the people that have helped us one way or another.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>DTU</b> (Technical University of Denmark) had arranged a crash course in the lab for Danish iGEM teams and introduced us to primers,<br />
USER cloning and the design of the team wiki.</li><br />
<li><b>KU</b> (University of Copenhagen) arranged an ethics workshop for Danish iGEM teams.</li><br />
<li><b>YSB</b> (young synthetic biologist) arranged and held the UK iGEM meet-up and allowed our team to join the meet up and told<br />
us more about synthetic biology and had arranged different workshops.</li><br />
<li><span class="intro">Everyone</span> all over the world, <span class="intro">who has answered our questionnaire</span> about GMO and what they think<br />
about it being a food resource.</li><br />
<li><b>Jane Fornitz</b> from the company Ibsing & Fornitz ApS introduced us to the different types of<br />
personalities and how to work together with different personalities - this has been a great help for <br />
the teamwork.</li><br />
<li>Doctor <b>Yaa Difie-Osei</b> from the National Biosafety Committee, Ghana and Professor <b>George Armah</b> from the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research helped us with our human practices regarding outreach and ethical considerations.</li><br />
<li><b>Bioscientific dissemination</b> at SDU gave us great feedback on our presentation in preparation of the jamboree.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Technical support </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us with programs used for modelling.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Patrick Rosendahl Andreassen</b>, stud.cand. <b>Andreas Kjær</b> and stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen<br />
Krogh</b> have helped us with sequencing results.</li><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Thøger Jensen Krogh</b> helped us designing our team wiki.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Modelling </h4><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Stud.cand. <b>Nicky Cordua Mattsson</b> helped us with the modelling of our system.</li><br />
<li>Post doc <b>Ann Zahle Andersen</b> helped us all the way with our model.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<h4> Litterature support</h4><br />
<span class="intro">Edible coli:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>WWF, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, biocapacity and better chioces. <a href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Hunger Statistics. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014: Basic definitions. <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Central intelligence Agency, 2014: The World Factbook. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">(link)</a></li><br />
<li>World Hunger, 2013: 2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics. <a href="http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Save the Children, 2014: Where do we work.<a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6146359/k.9C15/Where_We_Work.htm">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Population media Center, 2009: Issue we Address. <a href="http://www.populationmedia.org/issues/population/">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012: Nutrition for everyone. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/index.html">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>NHC, 2011: Symptoms of malnutrition. <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malnutrition/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Carbohydrates in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1154">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO/WHO Expert Consultation: Carbohydrates in the human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1997. Vol. 66: Carbohydrates in the diet. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8079E/w8079e08.htm#carbohydrates in the diet">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>The World Bank, 2014: GNI per Capita, Atlas method (current US$). <a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Contribution of Proteins in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1157">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirement in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 2007. Vol. 935. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_935_eng.pdf?ua=1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Consumption of Fats in Total Dietary Consumption: <a href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1158">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO Expert Consultation: Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 2010. Vol. 91: p. 11-12. <a href="http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>FAO: Chapter 7 - Food, nutrients and diets. <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0078e/w0078e08.htm#P7404_499006">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>WHO/ FAO/ UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition, 2002. Vol. 935.</li><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. United Nations University, 2002. No. 935, p. 150-164. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who_trs_935_eng.pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lynd, L.R., Weimer, P.J., van Zyl, P.H., and Isak, S.P.: Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2002. Vol. 66:3, p. 506-577. <a href="http://mmbr.asm.org/content/66/3/506.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Lükcker, J., El Tamer, M.K., Schwab, W., Verstappen, F.V.A., van der Plas, L.H.V., Bouwmeester, H.J., and Verhoeven, H.A.: Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus Limon). European Journal of Biochemistry, 2002. Vol. 269:13, p. 3160-3171. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02985.x/full">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Kang, M.J., Lee, Y.M., Yoon, S.H., Kim, J.H., Ock, S.W., Jung, K.H., Shin, Y.C., Keasling, J.D., and Kim, S.W.: Identification of Genes Affecting Lycopene Accumulation in Escherichia coli Using a Shot-Gun Method. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. Vol. 91, p. 636-642. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.20539/pdf">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M.:Lehninger – Principles of Biochemistry, fifth edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 2008. </li><br />
<li>Ruiz-López, N., Sayanova, O., Napier, J.A., and Haslam, R.P.: Metabolic engineering of the omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway into transgenic plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011. Vol. 63:7, p. 2397-2410. <a href="http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/7/2397.full#F1">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Wada, H., Avelange-Macherel, M.H., and Murata, N.: The desA gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 is the structural gene for delta 12 desaturase. Journal of Bacteriology, 1993. Vol. 175:18, p. 6056-6058. <a href="http://jb.asm.org/content/175/18/6056.long">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sakamoto, T., Wada, H., Ohmori, M., Murata, N.: Δ9 Acyl-Lipid Desaturases of Cyanobacteria. The Journal of Boilogical Chemistry, 1994. Vol. 269:14, p. 25576-25580. <a href="http://www.jbc.org/content/269/41/25576.full.pdf+html">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Policy and Practices:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li> MicroBEnet: Microbial Myths: Common misconceptions about microbes (w/ some extra focus on those in the built environment), 2011. <a href="http://microbe.net/simple-guides/microbial-myths-common-misconceptions-about-microbes-in-the-built-environment/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Marris, C.: Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths. EMBO reports, 2001. Vol. 2 p. 545-548. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083956/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Gaskell, G., Stares, S., Allansdottir, A., Allum, N., Corchero, C., Fischler, C., Hampel, J., Jackson, J., Kronberger, N., Mejlgaard, N., Revuelta, G., Schreiner, C., Torgersen, H., and Wagner, W.: Europeans and Biotechnology in 2005: Patterns and Trends. Final report on Eurobarometer 64.3, 2006. P. 57. <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/eb_64_3_final_report_second_edition_july_06.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Hancock, R.D.: Recent Patents on Vitamin C: Opportunities for Crop Improvement and Single-Step Biological Manufacture. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 2009. Vol. 1, p. 39-49. <a href="http://www.northsearegion.eu/files/repository/20131027214538_UK-Enclosures30.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Sauer, M., Porro, D, Mattanovich, D., and Branduardi, P.: Microbial production of organic acids: expanding the market. Elsevier, 2008. Cell Press, vol. 26:2, p. 100-108. <a href="http://awe.mol.uj.edu.pl/~allel/s6/pliki/mbPrz_seminaria/microbial%20production.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>GMO Compass, 2006: GM Microorganisms Taking the Place of Chemical Factories. <a href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/ingredients_additives/36.gm_microorganisms_taking_place_chemical_factories.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Berg, J., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.: Biochemistry, Seventh Edition. W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd, 2011.</li><br />
<li> European Food Information Council, 1999: Lactic acid bacteria – their uses in food. <a href="http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/lactic-acid-bacteria/" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Microbiology online: Bacteria. <a href="http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Gershon, E.: With you in the room, bacteria counts spike. Yale News, 2012. <a href="http://news.yale.edu/2012/03/28/you-room-bacteria-counts-spike " target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Nielsen , J.: Betydningen af systembiologi for industriel bioteknologi. Biozoom, 2007. Vol. 2, p. 1-3.<a href=" http://www.biokemi.org/biozoom/issues/514/articles/2284" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li>Novo Nordisk: Use of gene technology at Novo Nordisk. <a href="http://www.novonordisk.com/old/press/environmental/er98/bioethics/useofgenetechnol.html" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
<li> Homepage of iGEM: Synthetic Biology – based on standard parts. <a href="http://www.igem.org/Main_Page" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">System design:</span><br />
<ul><br />
<li>WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation: Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. United Nations University, 2002. No. 935, p. 164. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who_trs_935_eng.pdf" target="_blank">(Link)</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<br><br><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsenhttp://2014.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour41Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour412014-10-17T22:38:30Z<p>SarahNielsen: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/header| }}<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<h3>Expressions</h3><br />
<h4>Characerization of TetR/pTet</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">We wanted to test</span> if the Tet promoter could be fine-tuned, and what influence the LVA tag on TetR has on <br />
the expression.<br><br><br />
<br />
The ligation of the TetR (+LVA) construct with the pTet-GFP construct was cloned and is found as <br />
<a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475006" target="_blank">Bba_K1475006</a>.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">In order for us</span> to ligate the TetR (no LVA) construct with the pTet-GFP construct, we first needed<br />
to remove the LVA tag from TetR. The ligation was cloned into a plasmid and can be <br />
found in parts registry as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:Bba_K1475003" target="_blank">Bba_K1475003</a>.<br><br><br />
<br />
The ligation of TetR (no LVA) construct with the pTet-GFP construct was cloned and can<br />
be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:Bba_K1475005" target="_blank">Bba_K1475005</a>.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<h4>Characteriztion/expression</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The promoters in the</span> TetR-pTet constructs are supposed to be inhibited by TetR. By induction with<br />
doxycycline, the repressor is inhibited, and thus pTet will be active. In this case, GFP will be expressed <br />
after induction with <br />
<span class="sourceReference">doxycycline.</span><br />
<span class="tooltip"><br />
<span class="tooltipHeader">Source:</span><br />
Aagaard, L., et al.: A Facile Lentiviral Vector System for Ekspression<br />
of Doxycycline-Inducible dhRNAs: Knockdown of the Pre-miRNA Processing Enzyme Drosha. Molecular <br />
Therapy, 2007. 15:5, p. 938-945.<br />
<a href="http://www.nature.com/mt/journal/v15/n5/full/6300118a.html" target="_blank"> (Link)</a></span><br><br><br />
To test if the Tet promoter could be fine-tuned using different concentrations of doxycycline, we ran FACS<br />
(Fuorescence-activated Cell Sorting) on <i>E. coli</i> expressing GFP controlled by pTet, regulated by TetR with <br />
and without LVA tag. A wild-type was used as control.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/72/2014SDUexpressions1.png" title="Figure 1: Results of the fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) before and after induction with doxycycline. The strains used are NoTetR=E. coli K12 MG1655 with BBa_K136030, GFP regulated by the constitutively active p(tetR). tetR=E. coli K12 MG1655 with BBa_K1475005, GFP controlled by a constitutively expressed tetR repressor without the LVA-tag and the p(tetR) promoter. tetR:LVA=E. coli K12 MG1655 with BBa_K1475005, GFP controlled by a constitutively expressed tetR repressor with the LVA-tag and the p(tetR) promoter."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/72/2014SDUexpressions1.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 1: Results of the FACS before and after induction with doxycycline.<br />
</a><br />
<p><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">The results of the FACS</span> illustrates that without induction with doxycycline, GFP is still expressed. This is because the promoter is leaky. Despite 100% of the cells being fluorescent in the absence of doxycycline one can see that the fluorescence intensity is makedly reduces in the constructs containing tetR repressor. There is a very little variation in expression of GFP upon induction with low concentration of doxycycline. At high concentration of doxycycline (2000 ng/mL) it can clearly be seen that TetR (+LVA) inhibits pTet at a weaker extent than TetR without LVA. <br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Leaving the leakiness of pTet</span> out of account, FACS results indicates that the pTet inhibited by TetR with LVA tag is the one most active, upon induction by doxycycline. pSB1C3 being a high copy plasmid leads to a high number of repressors, thus a higher concentration of doxycycline in needed to induce the expression from pTet. The LVA tag destabilizes TetR thus lovering the number of TetR proteins, this can explain the better signal from induction of TetR+LVA. It can be seen from the coomassie stain below that there is less TetR repressor with LVA than without. Because the cells are in exponential growth phase during FACS the number of ribosomes is high this supports the explanation that expression of TetR is high.<br><br><br />
<br />
By using a strain constitutively expressing tetR with pTet on a low copy plasmid UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2011 shows here: <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_R0040:Experience" target="_blank">BBa_R0040:Experience</a> that pTet can be induced by aTc. Thus less TetR repressors in comparison to pTet sites increases the response to inducer. <br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
To analyse the amount of TetR with and without LVA tag present in the cell, coomassie stainging was<br />
made on a SDS-page with <i>E. coli</i> K12 (induced by 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, <br />
1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline) expressing pTet-GFP, pTet-TetR (no LVA)-GFP and pTet-TetR <br />
(+LVA)-GFP, respectively.<br><br><br />
<br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:500px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/23/2014SDUexpressions32.png" title="Figure 2: Coomassie staining on with <i>E. coli</i> K12 (induced by 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline) expressing pTet-GFP, pTet-TetR (no LVA)-GFP and pTet-TetR (+LVA)-GFP, respectively."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/23/2014SDUexpressions32.png" style="width:500px" /><br />
Figure 2: Coomassie staining on with <i>E. coli</i> K12 (induced by 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline) expressing pTet-GFP, pTet-TetR (no LVA)-GFP and pTet-TetR (+LVA)-GFP, respectively.<br />
</a><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">The coomassie staining shows</span> that the construct expressing TetR(+LVA) expresses more GFP than the<br />
construct expressing TetR(no LVA). In addition to this, the staining shows a higher amount of TetR(no LVA) <br />
in the cell than of TetR(+LVA). This is consistent with the FACS results that illustrates that pTet-TetR(+LVA) <br />
expresses more GFP than pTet-TetR(no LVA). The coomassie staining indicates that the reason for the <br />
higher expression of GFP by pTet-TetR (+ LVA) is because the cell contains less inhibitor. This must be due <br />
to the LVA tag making TetR unstable and tagging it for degredation. <br><br><br />
<br />
Because pTet is leaky, all cells express GFP. It can be difficult to tell if the pTet has been induced and to <br />
what extent, however, plates containing the corresponding concentrations of doxycycline as used in FACS <br />
clearly shows an induction.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">Duplicates of plates with</span> doxycycline were made with 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 <br />
ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 2000 ng/mL doxycycline. On the plates, TetR-pTet construct with LVA, TetR-pTet <br />
construct with no LVA, pTet-GFP without TetR construct and wild-type were plated. <br><br><br />
</p><br />
<div><br />
<table frame="box" rules="rows" style="width:800px"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px"></td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 0 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 50 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 100 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px">First series of plating of <br>TetR-GFP at different concentrations of doxycycline<br><br><br><br><br><br><br></td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/2d/2014SDUexpressions5.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 0ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/2/2f/2014SDUexpressions2.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/5d/2014SDUexpressions6.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 50ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/cb/2014SDUexpressions3.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/17/2014SDUexpressions7.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 100ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/a/a1/2014SDUexpressions4.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px">200 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">500 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">1000 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">2000 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/d0/2014SDUexpressions12.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 200ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/1a/2014SDUexpressions8.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/2014SDUexpressions13.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 500ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/17/2014SDUexpressions9.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/37/2014SDUexpressions14.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 1000ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/57/2014SDUexpressions10.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/c/c3/2014SDUexpressions15.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 2000ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/56/2014SDUexpressions11.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
Table 1:<br />
</div><br />
<div><br />
</table><br />
<br><br><br />
<table frame="box" rules="rows" style="width:800px"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px"></td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 0 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 50 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> 100 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px">Second series of plating of <br>TetR-GFP at different concentrations of doxycycline<br><br><br><br><br><br><br></td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/ba/2014SDUexpressions23.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 0ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/41/2014SDUexpressions16.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/48/2014SDUexpressions24.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 50ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/70/2014SDUexpressions17.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/5/5e/2014SDUexpressions25.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 100ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/d/d3/2014SDUexpressions18.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px">200 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">500 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">1000 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
<td style="width:200px">2000 ng/mL doxycycline</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/1f/2014SDUexpressions26.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 200ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/4/40/2014SDUexpressions19.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/1b/2014SDUexpressions27.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 500ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/70/2014SDUexpressions20.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/7b/2014SDUexpressions28.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 1000ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/1/1e/2014SDUexpressions21.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
<td style="width:200px"> <br />
<a class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:180px" target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/b/b1/2014SDUexpressions29.png" title="Plating of TetR-GFP at 2000ng/mL doxycycline."><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/7/76/2014SDUexpressions22.png" style="width:180px" /><br />
</a><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</div><br />
Table 2:<br />
</table><br />
<br><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">The plating of TetR-GFP</span> constructs on plates with doxycycline shows that GFP is expressed at different <br />
levels at different concentrations of doxycycline. Expression increases with an increase in doxycycline <br />
concentrations. The plates also show that GFP, to some extent, is expressed without doxycycline. This <br />
indicates that the Tet promoter is leaky and is not fully inhibited by TetR as it could be seen in the FACS <br />
results.<br><br><br />
<br />
<span class="intro">To see how the</span> growth of the bacteria expressing GFP controlled by pTet are affected, we have measured <br />
OD over 8 hours. We measured OD on triplicates of bacteria with an empty vector, pTet-GFP, pTet (no LVA)-<br />
GFP, pTet (+LVA)-GFP and a wild-type.<br><br><br />
</p><br />
<div class="popupImg alignCenter" style="width:800px"><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/e/e3/2014SDUexpressions31.png" style="width:800px" /><br />
Figure 3: Growth curve of bacteria expressing pTet (+LVA)-GFP, pTet (no LVA)-GFP, pTet-GFP, an empty vector and a wild-type.<br />
</div><br />
<p><br />
<br><br />
<span class="intro">Figure 3 shows the</span> growth of bacteria expressing GFP constitutiely, are attenuated the most with most <br />
comprised growth. Removing the LVA tag from TetR also has a negative effect on the growth of the <br />
bacteria. This could be because TetR without LVA stresses the metabolism of the bacteria more than TetR<br />
with LVA or because LVA tags TetR for degradation and thus TetR with LVA stresses the cell less than TetR <br />
without LVA.</p><br><br><br />
<br />
<h4>Characterization of lacI/plac</h4><br />
<p><br />
<span class="intro">2013 SDU-Denmark iGEM team</span> proved that the natural lac inhibitor has a faster respondance on induction <br />
by IPTG, than lacI with LVA (<a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour52">Link</a>). As for pTet, we wanted <br />
to test if the lac promoter could be fine-tuned. Due to the 2013 SDU iGEM team, we used the lacI without <br />
LVA. We wanted to ligate a constitutive promoter-lacI (no LVA) with plac-GFP. This was done successfully <br />
and can be found as <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1475007">Bba_K1475007</a>. Due to time constrains, we were never able to characterize this part and compare it to pTet.<br />
<br><br><br><br />
</p><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{:Team:SDU-Denmark/core/footer}}</div>SarahNielsen