http://2014.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&feed=atom&limit=500&target=Johe22732014.igem.org - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T00:47:32ZFrom 2014.igem.orgMediaWiki 1.16.5http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_truth.pngFile:CU Boulder truth.png2015-09-07T08:01:27Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_Gasland.pngFile:CU Boulder Gasland.png2015-09-07T07:59:47Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_Fracnation.pngFile:CU Boulder Fracnation.png2015-09-07T06:10:24Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_Collaboration.jpgFile:CU Boulder Collaboration.jpg2015-09-07T03:45:59Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_Donovan.JPGFile:CU Boulder Donovan.JPG2015-08-29T04:28:34Z<p>Johe2273: uploaded a new version of &quot;File:CU Boulder Donovan.JPG&quot;</p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_Donovan.JPGFile:CU Boulder Donovan.JPG2015-08-29T04:26:19Z<p>Johe2273: uploaded a new version of &quot;File:CU Boulder Donovan.JPG&quot;</p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_Donovan.JPGFile:CU Boulder Donovan.JPG2015-08-29T04:07:19Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_Daren_Kraft.jpgFile:CU Boulder Daren Kraft.jpg2015-08-23T04:51:37Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_factory.gifFile:CU Boulder factory.gif2015-08-22T01:10:21Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_playground.JPGFile:CU Boulder playground.JPG2015-08-14T07:18:55Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_school.JPGFile:CU Boulder school.JPG2015-08-14T07:17:43Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_creek.JPGFile:CU Boulder creek.JPG2015-08-14T07:16:17Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_map_red.jpgFile:CU Boulder map red.jpg2015-08-14T05:46:31Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_hex_Green_half.pngFile:CU Boulder hex Green half.png2015-08-14T03:32:51Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_hex_Blue_half.pngFile:CU Boulder hex Blue half.png2015-08-14T03:20:51Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_Brasino.JPGFile:CU Boulder Brasino.JPG2015-08-12T03:02:42Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_Cameron.jpgFile:CU Boulder Cameron.jpg2015-08-11T04:52:34Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_hendrix.jpgFile:CU Boulder hendrix.jpg2015-08-10T17:28:04Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_johendrix.jpgFile:CU Boulder johendrix.jpg2015-08-10T17:04:02Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/File:CU_Boulder_dowell.jpgFile:CU Boulder dowell.jpg2015-08-10T16:49:45Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div></div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:57:35Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
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.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
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<body><br />
<h2 style="float: left; border-bottom: 1px;">Medal Requirements</h2><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a>.<br />
<li>Added a phage packaging signal to <a href="http://parts.igem.org/ParBBa_K1218011"> Part: BBa_K1218011</a>, resulting in a CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid. Submitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> Part: BBa_K1445001</a>.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:56:17Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<h2>Medal Requirements</h2><br />
<style><br />
<br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a>.<br />
<li>Added a phage packaging signal to <a href="http://parts.igem.org/ParBBa_K1218011"> Part: BBa_K1218011</a>, resulting in a CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid. Submitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:55:25Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<h2>Medal Requirements</h2><br />
<style><br />
<br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a>.<br />
<li>Added a phage packaging signal to <a href="http://parts.igem.org/ParBBa_K1218011"> Part: BBa_K1218011</a></li>, resulting in a CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid. Submitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:53:25Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
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<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<h2>Medal Requirements</h2><br />
<style><br />
<br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a>.<br />
<li>Added a phage packaging signal, resulting in a CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid. Submitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:51:23Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<h2>Medal Requirements</h2><br />
<style><br />
<br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a>.<br />
<li>Added a phage packaging signal to ****ubmitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:51:11Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<style><br />
<h2>Medal Requirements</h2><br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a>.<br />
<li>Added a phage packaging signal to ****ubmitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:48:48Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<br />
<style><br />
<br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
<h2>Medal Requirements</h2><br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a>.<br />
<li>Added a phage packaging signal to ****ubmitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:47:54Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<h2>Medal Requirements</h2><br />
<style><br />
<br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a>.<br />
<li>Added a phage packaging signal to ****ubmitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:47:39Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<style><br />
<h2>Medal Requirements</h2><br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a>.<br />
<li>Added a phage packaging signal to ****ubmitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:46:36Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h2>Medal Requirments</h2><br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<style><br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a>.<br />
<li>Added a phage packaging signal to ****. Submitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:45:29Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h2>Medal Requirments</h2><br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<style><br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of new BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the function and characterized existing BioBrick part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We further characterized <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a></li>.<br />
<li>We added the M13ori and submitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:35:28Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h2>Medal Requirments</h2><br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
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body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
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a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of those BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a>. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the Function and Characterized Existing BioBrick Part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We changed the spacer of <li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a></li> and characterized the specificity of the endogenous CRISPR-Cas9 system </li><br />
<li>We added the M13ori and submitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:33:47Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h2>Medal Requirments</h2><br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<style><br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of those BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our projects has implications for safety and ethics. We have considered these in the design and execution of our project on our <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a> page.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the Function and Characterized Existing BioBrick Part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We changed the spacer of <li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a></li> and characterized the specificity of the endogenous CRISPR-Cas9 system </li><br />
<li>We added the M13ori and submitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:30:17Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h2>Medal Requirments</h2><br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<style><br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of those BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our project has implications for safety and ethics. We described more ways in which these have been taken into consideration in the design and execution of our project on our <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Ethics & Safety</a> page.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the Function and Characterized Existing BioBrick Part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We changed the spacer of <li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a></li> and characterized the specificity of the endogenous CRISPR-Cas9 system </li><br />
<li>We added the M13ori and submitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/MedalTeam:CU-Boulder/Medal2014-10-17T23:26:58Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<html><br />
<br />
<h2>Medal Requirments</h2><br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Julius+Sans+On' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<style><br />
body {font-family: Source Sans Pro;}<br />
h2 {display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; text-align: center; border: none;}<br />
a:link, a:visited {color: #0A017A;} <br />
a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}<br />
#contentMedal {position: relative; width: 1100px; height: 740px; margin-top: 100px; margin-left: -100px;}<br />
.medal {display: block; float: left; padding-top: 0; height: 736px; width: 300px; margin: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat;} <br />
#bronze {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/36/UCB-BRONZE.png')}<br />
#silver {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/6/63/UCB-SILVER.png')}<br />
#gold {background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014/3/38/UCB-GOLD.png');}<br />
div.medal {margin-right: 20px;}<br />
</style><br />
<body><br />
<div id="contentMedal"><br />
<div class="medal" id="bronze"><br />
<h2>Bronze</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">Team Registration</a></li><br />
<li>Completed <a href="https://igem.org/2014_Judging_Form?id=1445">Judging Form</a></li><br />
<li>Team Wiki</li><br />
<li>Poster and presentation are ready for iGEM Jamboree</li><br />
<li>Documented new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="silver"><br />
<h2>Silver</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Experimentally validated new BioBrick parts</li><br />
<li>Documented the characterization of those BioBrick parts on the registry</li><br />
<li>New parts have been Submitted to the iGEM Parts Registry</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445000">Part: BBa_K1445000</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001">Part: BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445002">Part: BBa_K1445002</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li>Our project has implications for safety and ethics. We described more ways in which these have been taken into consideration in the design and execution of our project on our <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety">Safety</a> page.<br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<div class="medal" id="gold"><br />
<h2>Gold</h2><br />
<ul><br />
<li>Improved the Function and Characterized Existing BioBrick Part</li><br />
<ul><br />
<li>We changed the spacer of <li><a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1218011">Part: BBa_K1218011</a></li> and characterized the specificity of the endogenous CRISPR-Cas9 system </li><br />
<li>We added the M13ori and submitted the new part <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1445001"> BBa_K1445001</a></li><br />
</ul><br />
<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Collaboration">Collaborated</a> with CSU Fort Collins</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:09:02Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)===<br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:08:39Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)<br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
===test===<br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:08:16Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)<br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:07:09Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<big>''' test'''</big><br />
Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)<br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:06:56Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<big>''' test'''</big><br />
==Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)==<br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:05:45Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<big>''' test'''</big><br />
===Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)===<br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:05:25Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<big>''' '''</big><br />
===Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)===<br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:04:56Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<big></big><br />
===Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)===<br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:04:41Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<big></big><br />
'''Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)'''<br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:01:00Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
<big> '''Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)''' </big><br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/BiobricksTeam:CU-Boulder/Biobricks2014-10-17T23:00:07Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br />
== '''Part Summaries''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
For detailed characterization, see the parts page.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
<u> '''Part: BBa_K1445000 (M13ori)''' </u><br />
<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. It was experimentally demonstrated that this part is both necessary and sufficient for plasmid packaging into M13 phage. This part does not code for phage coat proteins; therefore, cannot produce phage.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445001 (Endogenous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid)===<br />
<br />
This composite part consists of parts BBa_K1445000 (M13ori) and BBa_K1218011 (cas9).<br />
The cas9 construct includes the native trcrRNA and promoter region upstream of the type II Cas9 endonuclease. Downstream of the Cas9 protein is a minimal CRISPR array that contains the spacer region that determines the DNA sequence that is targeted by the Cas9 endonuclease. The spacer sequence can be easily replaced through a digestion-ligation reaction using BsaI. The addition of the M13 origin of replication (M13ori) allows for the uptake of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-01-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
===Part: BBa_K1445002 (High copy BioBricked M13 phagemid vector)===<br />
<br />
This biobrick backbone has the high copy number pUC19 origin of replication and an ampicillin resistance marker. It also contains the M13 origin of replication which allows for the phagemid to be packaged into the M13 phage. It was experimentally validated that vector retains its ability to be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
<br />
'''[[File:UCB-Biobrick-02-141016.JPG]]'''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Notebook/SafetyTeam:CU-Boulder/Notebook/Safety2014-10-17T22:56:58Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
__FORCETOC__<br />
<br />
==Ethics of CRISPR-Cas Mediated Phage Therapy==<br />
<br />
An ethical question encountered during the experiment design concerns the manipulation of genetic material in pathogenic organisms. Concerns were raised regarding the possibility that genome cleavage by CRISPR-Cas9 could result in accelerated mutation rates in pathogenic organisms. Through limited experimentation, it appears that cells that survive CRISPR-Cas9 cleavage received a non-targetable copy of the plasmid, rather than acquiring new mutations that disrupts the target sequence in the bacterial genome. Therefore, it does not appear that CRISPR-Cas9 selects for mutations.<br />
<br />
==Safety==<br />
<br />
===Organism and Biological Part Safety===<br />
<br />
'''Escherichia coli K12 variants'''<br />
<br />
K12 strains of E. coli are commonly used, biosafety level 1 organisms. They pose little risk to lab members or the environment. They can be potentially harmful if ingested so basic lab safety such as gloves and hand washing were implemented to ensure lab member safety.<br />
<br />
'''M13 phage'''<br />
<br />
M13 phage are biosafety level 1 viruses. Phage only infect bacteria so the risk to humans is negligible. The helper phagemid have a weakened packaging signal which reduces their replication efficiency, however, these phage could infect E. coli and other bacterial species containing the F’ episome if the phage escaped laboratory containment. M13 phage are not synthetic organisms; their environmental impact if they escaped laboratory containment is small due to their disrupted packaging signal so they would be quickly outcompeted by wild-type phage. Precautions such as hand washing and use of gloves were implemented to reduce risk to lab members. Proper disposal of samples was implemented to avoid environmental contamination.<br />
<br />
'''Endogenous CRISPR-Cas(BBa_K1218011)'''<br />
<br />
Part BBa_K1218011 was apart of the 2014 iGEM distribution. The encoded CRISPR-Cas9 system is derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, a biosafety level 1 organism, and is widely used in gene editing. Malicious use of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is theoretically possible as it is a system that targets specific genetic sequences and could be used to target certain alleles. However, this technology has been used for several years for the purpose of gene editing and no health risks have been reported.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
===Risks Associated with Synthetic and Recombinant Biological Parts===<br />
<br />
No organism used in these experiments pose any significant risk to health or the environment. The Cas9 can only target DNA sequences that are adjacent to a PAM site and are complementary to its guide RNA. The CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid contains the M13 packaging signal but no other phage genes; therefore, this part can be packaged into, but cannot make, phage. A separate helper phagemid is needed to assemble the phage coat but the packaging signal on this part is disrupted; thus, it cannot be efficiently packaged into a phage. This reduces the chances of uncontrolled phage replication. Some phage may still contain the helper phagemid but they can only infect bacteria with an F’ episome.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
===Institutional Safety===<br />
<br />
The University of Colorado has an Institutional Biosafety Committee(IBC) that oversees the safety and ethics of projects at the university. The IBC has not raised any concerns regarding the safety protocols or synthesized organisms used in this experiment. All reagents and organisms used in this experiment were disposed of by the University Environmental Health and Safety services in accordance with institutional, national and international safety standards.<br />
<br />
<br><br />
===Safety Concerns when using Antibacterials===<br />
<br />
The overuse of antibiotics is a major cause of emerging antibiotic resistance. This project is aimed at developing a system that enables physicians to counter bacterial resistance to therapeutics at a rate that is more competitive to that of evolution. The health and safety of humanity is threatened by gene flow through bacterial species by conjugation and other methods. Through bioengineering, strain-specific CRISPR-Cas therapeutics can be designed within several days to target pathogenic strains with new mutations, while simultaneously leaving the symbiotic species in the microbiome unaffected. The end result is safer, more adaptive, and more versatile treatment methods.<br />
<br />
<html><br />
Online safety form found <a href="https://igem.org/Safety/Safety_Form?team_id=1445">here</a>.<br />
</html><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/ResultsTeam:CU-Boulder/Results2014-10-17T22:54:04Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br><br />
==Results==<br />
<br />
<br><br />
===Our System: CRISPR-Cas9 phage===<br />
<br />
The system is comprised of two parts: the delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery and the targeting of the endonuclease. <br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results01.jpg|700px|thumb|none|Figure 1. Diagram of phage production.]]<br />
<br />
M13 phage were used as the delivery mode in this system. Depicted in Figure 1 is a single bacterium containing a helper phagemid and a CIRSPR-Cas9 phagemid. The phage coat and assembly proteins are expressed from the helper phagemid, who’s packaging signal has been disrupted by the insertion of a selectable marker (kanamycin in M13K07 or ampicillin in M13g6A1, see Figure 2). Due to the disruption of the helper phagemid’s packaging signal, the probability it will be packaged into a phage capsid has been greatly reduced. The CRISPR-Cas phagemid, BBa_K1445001 contains the endogenous CRISPR-Cas9 sequence from ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' and a fully functional packaging signal. M13 phage capsids preferentially package BBa_K1445001 during phage assembly. The resulting phage phage containing the BBa_K1445001 phagemid are isolated and can be used to infect a target population of bactium.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results02.jpg|700px|thumb|none|Figure 2. Diagram of CRISPR-Cas9 sequence targeting.<br />
]]<br />
<br />
Once the CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid enters the cell, the bacterium will express the Cas9 endonuclease and a guide RNA(gRNA). Guide RNAs are composed of a spacer sequence that binds the DNA, and a handle to which the Cas9 endonuclease binds. The Cas9 protein and the gRNA come together to search DNA within the cell for PAM sites (Protospacer Adjacent Motifs, shown here is orange). The Cas9 will bind to the PAM site allowing the gRNA to anneal to the target sequence (shown here in green). If binding is successful, the Cas9 endonuclease cleaves the DNA resulting in a double stranded break. If the cell is unable to repair the damage itself or does so incorrectly, the cell will die¹.<br />
<br />
<br />
===New BioBricked Parts===<br />
<ol><br />
<li>BBa_K1445000: The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) is a noncoding sequence that when cloned onto a plasmid, facilitates the uptake of that plasmid into an M13 phage capsid.<br />
<li>BBa_K1445001: M13ori (BBa_K1445000) cloned onto a CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_K1218011). The CRISPR-Cas9 part codes for a Cas9 endonuclease that is guided to a DNA sequence specified by a spacer located within the minimal CRISPR array. Inclusion of the M13ori allows for its uptake into M13 phage.<br />
<li>BBa_K1445002: BioBricked phagemid vector allows for the easy cloning of BioBrick parts into a backbone that can be packaged into a phage without the addition of the M13ori to the insert region.<br />
<li>Additionally, the genes for M13 phage coat proteins were BioBricked and cloned onto a pSB6A1 vector. This allows the phage producing genes to be cloned onto vectors with a different resistance marker if the resistance interferes with the marker on the phagemid. This part was not submitted to the registry.<br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phage delivery system (M13ori)===<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. To verify its functionality, its packaging efficiency was compared to that of amilCP. The amilCP sequence is roughly equal in length to the M13ori and both parts were cloned onto the pSB1C3 backbone; therefore, the nucleotide sequence is the only distinguishing factor. The helper phagemid M13K07 made phage in host cells containing pSB1C3-M13ori or pSB1C3-amilCP phagemids. ER2738 ''E. coli'' were infected by phage from the M13ori or amilCP sample to assess the respective packaging efficiencies.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results03.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 3. Conjugated BW23115 ''E. coli'' infected with recombinant phage A) pSB1C3-M13ori or B) pSB1C3-amilCP phagemids on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.]]<br />
<br />
The growth in the M13ori sample demonstrates that this phagemid was packaged and delivered by the M13 phage. The absence of growth in the amilCP sample proves that without the presence of a packaging signal, a plasmid cannot be taken up by a phage capsid. These results show that the M13ori is necessary and sufficient for phagemid packaging.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Making phage with M13g6A1===<br />
In the phage delivery experiment, M13K07 was used as the helper phagemid. This part contains a kanamycin resistance gene, which is similar to the neomycin phosphotransferase gene being targeted by CRISPR-Cas in this experiment. A new resistance marker was needed to be able to screen future phage production. The genes that code for the phage coat proteins were amplified from M13K07 and cloned into the pSB6A1 vector. Phage amplification, using M13g6A1 as the helper phagemid (and no additional phagemid), produced M13 phage packaging M13g6A1. ER2738 cells were infected with the isolated phage and were plated onto ampicillin to verify the viability of phage produced by this helper phagemid.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results04.jpg|300px|thumb|none|Figure 4. ER2738 cells infected with M13g6A1 helper phagemid grown on LB with 100ug/mL ampicillin.]]<br />
<br />
The presence of colonies in Figure 2 confirm that M13g6A1 is capable of producing viable phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Program to design a Spacer Sequence===<br />
For the following Cas9 experiments, a spacer sequence was designed to target the neomycin phosphotransferase gene present in the targeting strain.<br />
This program inputs FASTA files in two sets. In one are the sequences that should be targeted for Cas9 binding while the other set consists of sequences that should not be targeted. It then searches for possible targeting sites that are present in the targeting sequences and absent from the sequences that should not be targeted. The best spacer sequences are then presented to the user.<br />
<br />
For this project, the sequence for the neomycin phosphotransferase gene was given to the program as the targeting sequence. The ''E. coli'' strains K-12, BL21 and MG1655 genomes were given to the program as sequences to avoid targeting.<br />
One of the output spacers was chosen for use in the following CRISPR-Cas9 experiments.<br />
<br />
===Targeted killing of BW23115 through Transformation (characterization of BBa_K1218011)===<br />
The spacer designed to target the neomycin phosphotransferase gene was cloned into the CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_K1218011). The unmodified spacer was used as a non-targeting control since it does not compliment any region in the BW23115(::kan) or ER2738 genomes.<br />
<br />
The targeting and non-targeting constructs were transformed into BW23115(::kan) ''E. coli'' chemical transformation and selected for on chloramphenicol.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results05.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 5. Transformation results of neomycin resistant ''E. coli'' with BBa_K1218011 having either A) non-targeting or B) targeting spacer sequence on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.<br />
]]<br />
<br />
The decrease in growth between the non-targeting (1920 colonies) and the targeting (8 colonies) samples is accredited to the difference in spacer sequence. When the spacer sequence compliments the genome, the Cas9 endonuclease is able to bind and cleave the DNA, resulting in cell death. Interestingly, some targeted colonies survived as can be seen in Figure 5B. Sequencing showed that all eight colonies had deleted the spacer region and one or both of the adjacent repeats. None the less, the difference in transformation efficiency demonstrates the potential for CRISPR-Cas systems as antibacterial therapeutics.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Cas9 delivery through phage===<br />
The M13 origin of replication, or M13ori (BBa_K1445000) was cloned upstream of the CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_ K1218011) in the targeting and the non-targeting varieties to allow for their uptake into M13 phage. This composite part was packaged into phage using the M13g6A1 helper phagemid. Conjugated BW23115(::kan, F’) ''E. coli'' were infected with progeny phage and plated onto chloramphenicol.<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results06.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 6. Infection results of M13 phage delivering A) non-targeting and B) targeting varieties of part BBa_K1445001 on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.]]<br />
<br />
The presence of growth in both samples demonstrates that the addition of the M13ori does allow for packaging and delivery by the M13 phage.<br />
The decrease in growth from the non-targeting (143 colonies) to the targeting (11 colonies) is accredited to the differences in spacer sequence. With a spacer sequence that targets within the genome of the cell, the Cas9 endonuclease is able to bind and cleave the DNA, successfully killing the bacterium.<br />
<br />
Unmodified spacer may have off-targeted binding to F’ episome, causing death in phage producing cell, thereby reducing phage yield, or in BW23115(::kan, F’) resulting in fewer colonies than expected.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additional Work and Characterization (BBa_K1445002)===<br />
Part BBa_J04450 and flanking regions to the sequencing primer sites were cloned into the Litmus28i vector to make a biobricked phagemid backbone that can be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
To verify functionality, the vector was packaged into phage using the M13K07 helper phagemid. Progeny phage infected ER2738 ''E. coli'' and cells were selected for on ampicillin.<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results07.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 7. Packaging efficiency of recombinant phagemid to helper phagemid packaging. A) Infected cells diluted 1:1000 and grown on 100 ug/mL Ampicillin to select for BBa_K1445002. B) Infected diluted 1:1000 and grown on 50 ug/mL Kanamycin to select for M13K07 helper phagemid. BBa_K1445002 was packaged over M13K07 at a ratio of 136:1.]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The growth on ampicillin (1496 colonies) shows that the biobricked version of Litmus28i retains its ability to be packaged and delivered by M13 phage. Additionally, the same sample was plated on kanamycin to determine the packaging ratio of phagemid to helper phagemid. As shown in Figure 7B, very little growth was present on kanamycin (11 colonies) confirming that BBa_K1445002 was preferentially packaged over the M13K07 helper phagemid at a ratio of 136:1.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
::1. Gomaa AA, Klumpe HE, Luo ML, Selle K, Barrangou R, Beisel CL. 2014. Programmable removal of bacterial strains by use of genome-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems. mBio 5(1):e00928-13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00928-13.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/ResultsTeam:CU-Boulder/Results2014-10-17T22:52:56Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br><br />
==Results==<br />
<br />
<br><br />
===Our System: CRISPR-Cas9 phage===<br />
<br />
The system is comprised of two parts: the delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery and the targeting of the endonuclease. <br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results01.jpg|700px|thumb|none|Figure 1. Diagram of phage production.]]<br />
<br />
M13 phage were used as the delivery mode in this system. Depicted in Figure 1 is a single bacterium containing a helper phagemid and a CIRSPR-Cas9 phagemid. The phage coat and assembly proteins are expressed from the helper phagemid, who’s packaging signal has been disrupted by the insertion of a selectable marker (kanamycin in M13K07 or ampicillin in M13g6A1, see Figure 2. Due to the disruption of the helper phagemid’s packaging signal, the probability it will be packaged into a phage capsid has been greatly reduced. The CRISPR-Cas phagemid, BBa_K1445001 contains the endogenous CRISPR-Cas9 sequence from ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' and a fully functional packaging signal. M13 phage capsids preferentially package BBa_K1445001 during phage assembly. The resulting phage phage containing the BBa_K1445001 phagemid are isolated and can be used to infect a target population of bactium.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results02.jpg|700px|thumb|none|Figure 2. Diagram of CRISPR-Cas9 sequence targeting.<br />
]]<br />
<br />
Once the CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid enters the cell, the bacterium will express the Cas9 endonuclease and a guide RNA(gRNA). Guide RNAs are composed of a spacer sequence that binds the DNA, and a handle to which the Cas9 endonuclease binds. The Cas9 protein and the gRNA come together to search DNA within the cell for PAM sites (Protospacer Adjacent Motifs, shown here is orange). The Cas9 will bind to the PAM site allowing the gRNA to anneal to the target sequence (shown here in green). If binding is successful, the Cas9 endonuclease cleaves the DNA resulting in a double stranded break. If the cell is unable to repair the damage itself or does so incorrectly, the cell will die¹.<br />
<br />
<br />
===New BioBricked Parts===<br />
<ol><br />
<li>BBa_K1445000: The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) is a noncoding sequence that when cloned onto a plasmid, facilitates the uptake of that plasmid into an M13 phage capsid.<br />
<li>BBa_K1445001: M13ori (BBa_K1445000) cloned onto a CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_K1218011). The CRISPR-Cas9 part codes for a Cas9 endonuclease that is guided to a DNA sequence specified by a spacer located within the minimal CRISPR array. Inclusion of the M13ori allows for its uptake into M13 phage.<br />
<li>BBa_K1445002: BioBricked phagemid vector allows for the easy cloning of BioBrick parts into a backbone that can be packaged into a phage without the addition of the M13ori to the insert region.<br />
<li>Additionally, the genes for M13 phage coat proteins were BioBricked and cloned onto a pSB6A1 vector. This allows the phage producing genes to be cloned onto vectors with a different resistance marker if the resistance interferes with the marker on the phagemid. This part was not submitted to the registry.<br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phage delivery system (M13ori)===<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. To verify its functionality, its packaging efficiency was compared to that of amilCP. The amilCP sequence is roughly equal in length to the M13ori and both parts were cloned onto the pSB1C3 backbone; therefore, the nucleotide sequence is the only distinguishing factor. The helper phagemid M13K07 made phage in host cells containing pSB1C3-M13ori or pSB1C3-amilCP phagemids. ER2738 ''E. coli'' were infected by phage from the M13ori or amilCP sample to assess the respective packaging efficiencies.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results03.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 3. Conjugated BW23115 ''E. coli'' infected with recombinant phage A) pSB1C3-M13ori or B) pSB1C3-amilCP phagemids on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.]]<br />
<br />
The growth in the M13ori sample demonstrates that this phagemid was packaged and delivered by the M13 phage. The absence of growth in the amilCP sample proves that without the presence of a packaging signal, a plasmid cannot be taken up by a phage capsid. These results show that the M13ori is necessary and sufficient for phagemid packaging.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Making phage with M13g6A1===<br />
In the phage delivery experiment, M13K07 was used as the helper phagemid. This part contains a kanamycin resistance gene, which is similar to the neomycin phosphotransferase gene being targeted by CRISPR-Cas in this experiment. A new resistance marker was needed to be able to screen future phage production. The genes that code for the phage coat proteins were amplified from M13K07 and cloned into the pSB6A1 vector. Phage amplification, using M13g6A1 as the helper phagemid (and no additional phagemid), produced M13 phage packaging M13g6A1. ER2738 cells were infected with the isolated phage and were plated onto ampicillin to verify the viability of phage produced by this helper phagemid.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results04.jpg|300px|thumb|none|Figure 4. ER2738 cells infected with M13g6A1 helper phagemid grown on LB with 100ug/mL ampicillin.]]<br />
<br />
The presence of colonies in Figure 2 confirm that M13g6A1 is capable of producing viable phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Program to design a Spacer Sequence===<br />
For the following Cas9 experiments, a spacer sequence was designed to target the neomycin phosphotransferase gene present in the targeting strain.<br />
This program inputs FASTA files in two sets. In one are the sequences that should be targeted for Cas9 binding while the other set consists of sequences that should not be targeted. It then searches for possible targeting sites that are present in the targeting sequences and absent from the sequences that should not be targeted. The best spacer sequences are then presented to the user.<br />
<br />
For this project, the sequence for the neomycin phosphotransferase gene was given to the program as the targeting sequence. The ''E. coli'' strains K-12, BL21 and MG1655 genomes were given to the program as sequences to avoid targeting.<br />
One of the output spacers was chosen for use in the following CRISPR-Cas9 experiments.<br />
<br />
===Targeted killing of BW23115 through Transformation (characterization of BBa_K1218011)===<br />
The spacer designed to target the neomycin phosphotransferase gene was cloned into the CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_K1218011). The unmodified spacer was used as a non-targeting control since it does not compliment any region in the BW23115(::kan) or ER2738 genomes.<br />
<br />
The targeting and non-targeting constructs were transformed into BW23115(::kan) ''E. coli'' chemical transformation and selected for on chloramphenicol.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results05.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 5. Transformation results of neomycin resistant ''E. coli'' with BBa_K1218011 having either A) non-targeting or B) targeting spacer sequence on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.<br />
]]<br />
<br />
The decrease in growth between the non-targeting (1920 colonies) and the targeting (8 colonies) samples is accredited to the difference in spacer sequence. When the spacer sequence compliments the genome, the Cas9 endonuclease is able to bind and cleave the DNA, resulting in cell death. Interestingly, some targeted colonies survived as can be seen in Figure 5B. Sequencing showed that all eight colonies had deleted the spacer region and one or both of the adjacent repeats. None the less, the difference in transformation efficiency demonstrates the potential for CRISPR-Cas systems as antibacterial therapeutics.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Cas9 delivery through phage===<br />
The M13 origin of replication, or M13ori (BBa_K1445000) was cloned upstream of the CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_ K1218011) in the targeting and the non-targeting varieties to allow for their uptake into M13 phage. This composite part was packaged into phage using the M13g6A1 helper phagemid. Conjugated BW23115(::kan, F’) ''E. coli'' were infected with progeny phage and plated onto chloramphenicol.<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results06.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 6. Infection results of M13 phage delivering A) non-targeting and B) targeting varieties of part BBa_K1445001 on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.]]<br />
<br />
The presence of growth in both samples demonstrates that the addition of the M13ori does allow for packaging and delivery by the M13 phage.<br />
The decrease in growth from the non-targeting (143 colonies) to the targeting (11 colonies) is accredited to the differences in spacer sequence. With a spacer sequence that targets within the genome of the cell, the Cas9 endonuclease is able to bind and cleave the DNA, successfully killing the bacterium.<br />
<br />
Unmodified spacer may have off-targeted binding to F’ episome, causing death in phage producing cell, thereby reducing phage yield, or in BW23115(::kan, F’) resulting in fewer colonies than expected.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additional Work and Characterization (BBa_K1445002)===<br />
Part BBa_J04450 and flanking regions to the sequencing primer sites were cloned into the Litmus28i vector to make a biobricked phagemid backbone that can be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
To verify functionality, the vector was packaged into phage using the M13K07 helper phagemid. Progeny phage infected ER2738 ''E. coli'' and cells were selected for on ampicillin.<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results07.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 7. Packaging efficiency of recombinant phagemid to helper phagemid packaging. A) Infected cells diluted 1:1000 and grown on 100 ug/mL Ampicillin to select for BBa_K1445002. B) Infected diluted 1:1000 and grown on 50 ug/mL Kanamycin to select for M13K07 helper phagemid. BBa_K1445002 was packaged over M13K07 at a ratio of 136:1.]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The growth on ampicillin (1496 colonies) shows that the biobricked version of Litmus28i retains its ability to be packaged and delivered by M13 phage. Additionally, the same sample was plated on kanamycin to determine the packaging ratio of phagemid to helper phagemid. As shown in Figure 7B, very little growth was present on kanamycin (11 colonies) confirming that BBa_K1445002 was preferentially packaged over the M13K07 helper phagemid at a ratio of 136:1.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
::1. Gomaa AA, Klumpe HE, Luo ML, Selle K, Barrangou R, Beisel CL. 2014. Programmable removal of bacterial strains by use of genome-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems. mBio 5(1):e00928-13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00928-13.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/ResultsTeam:CU-Boulder/Results2014-10-17T22:52:35Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:UCB-Main}}<br />
{{Template:UCB-NavBar}}<br />
<br><br />
==Results==<br />
<br />
<br><br />
===Our System: CRISPR-Cas9 phage===<br />
<br />
The System is comprised of two parts: the delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery and the targeting of the endonuclease. <br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results01.jpg|700px|thumb|none|Figure 1. Diagram of phage production.]]<br />
<br />
M13 phage were used as the delivery mode in this system. Depicted in Figure 1 is a single bacterium containing a helper phagemid and a CIRSPR-Cas9 phagemid. The phage coat and assembly proteins are expressed from the helper phagemid, who’s packaging signal has been disrupted by the insertion of a selectable marker (kanamycin in M13K07 or ampicillin in M13g6A1, see Figure 2. Due to the disruption of the helper phagemid’s packaging signal, the probability it will be packaged into a phage capsid has been greatly reduced. The CRISPR-Cas phagemid, BBa_K1445001 contains the endogenous CRISPR-Cas9 sequence from ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' and a fully functional packaging signal. M13 phage capsids preferentially package BBa_K1445001 during phage assembly. The resulting phage phage containing the BBa_K1445001 phagemid are isolated and can be used to infect a target population of bactium.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results02.jpg|700px|thumb|none|Figure 2. Diagram of CRISPR-Cas9 sequence targeting.<br />
]]<br />
<br />
Once the CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid enters the cell, the bacterium will express the Cas9 endonuclease and a guide RNA(gRNA). Guide RNAs are composed of a spacer sequence that binds the DNA, and a handle to which the Cas9 endonuclease binds. The Cas9 protein and the gRNA come together to search DNA within the cell for PAM sites (Protospacer Adjacent Motifs, shown here is orange). The Cas9 will bind to the PAM site allowing the gRNA to anneal to the target sequence (shown here in green). If binding is successful, the Cas9 endonuclease cleaves the DNA resulting in a double stranded break. If the cell is unable to repair the damage itself or does so incorrectly, the cell will die¹.<br />
<br />
<br />
===New BioBricked Parts===<br />
<ol><br />
<li>BBa_K1445000: The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) is a noncoding sequence that when cloned onto a plasmid, facilitates the uptake of that plasmid into an M13 phage capsid.<br />
<li>BBa_K1445001: M13ori (BBa_K1445000) cloned onto a CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_K1218011). The CRISPR-Cas9 part codes for a Cas9 endonuclease that is guided to a DNA sequence specified by a spacer located within the minimal CRISPR array. Inclusion of the M13ori allows for its uptake into M13 phage.<br />
<li>BBa_K1445002: BioBricked phagemid vector allows for the easy cloning of BioBrick parts into a backbone that can be packaged into a phage without the addition of the M13ori to the insert region.<br />
<li>Additionally, the genes for M13 phage coat proteins were BioBricked and cloned onto a pSB6A1 vector. This allows the phage producing genes to be cloned onto vectors with a different resistance marker if the resistance interferes with the marker on the phagemid. This part was not submitted to the registry.<br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phage delivery system (M13ori)===<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. To verify its functionality, its packaging efficiency was compared to that of amilCP. The amilCP sequence is roughly equal in length to the M13ori and both parts were cloned onto the pSB1C3 backbone; therefore, the nucleotide sequence is the only distinguishing factor. The helper phagemid M13K07 made phage in host cells containing pSB1C3-M13ori or pSB1C3-amilCP phagemids. ER2738 ''E. coli'' were infected by phage from the M13ori or amilCP sample to assess the respective packaging efficiencies.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results03.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 3. Conjugated BW23115 ''E. coli'' infected with recombinant phage A) pSB1C3-M13ori or B) pSB1C3-amilCP phagemids on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.]]<br />
<br />
The growth in the M13ori sample demonstrates that this phagemid was packaged and delivered by the M13 phage. The absence of growth in the amilCP sample proves that without the presence of a packaging signal, a plasmid cannot be taken up by a phage capsid. These results show that the M13ori is necessary and sufficient for phagemid packaging.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Making phage with M13g6A1===<br />
In the phage delivery experiment, M13K07 was used as the helper phagemid. This part contains a kanamycin resistance gene, which is similar to the neomycin phosphotransferase gene being targeted by CRISPR-Cas in this experiment. A new resistance marker was needed to be able to screen future phage production. The genes that code for the phage coat proteins were amplified from M13K07 and cloned into the pSB6A1 vector. Phage amplification, using M13g6A1 as the helper phagemid (and no additional phagemid), produced M13 phage packaging M13g6A1. ER2738 cells were infected with the isolated phage and were plated onto ampicillin to verify the viability of phage produced by this helper phagemid.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results04.jpg|300px|thumb|none|Figure 4. ER2738 cells infected with M13g6A1 helper phagemid grown on LB with 100ug/mL ampicillin.]]<br />
<br />
The presence of colonies in Figure 2 confirm that M13g6A1 is capable of producing viable phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Program to design a Spacer Sequence===<br />
For the following Cas9 experiments, a spacer sequence was designed to target the neomycin phosphotransferase gene present in the targeting strain.<br />
This program inputs FASTA files in two sets. In one are the sequences that should be targeted for Cas9 binding while the other set consists of sequences that should not be targeted. It then searches for possible targeting sites that are present in the targeting sequences and absent from the sequences that should not be targeted. The best spacer sequences are then presented to the user.<br />
<br />
For this project, the sequence for the neomycin phosphotransferase gene was given to the program as the targeting sequence. The ''E. coli'' strains K-12, BL21 and MG1655 genomes were given to the program as sequences to avoid targeting.<br />
One of the output spacers was chosen for use in the following CRISPR-Cas9 experiments.<br />
<br />
===Targeted killing of BW23115 through Transformation (characterization of BBa_K1218011)===<br />
The spacer designed to target the neomycin phosphotransferase gene was cloned into the CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_K1218011). The unmodified spacer was used as a non-targeting control since it does not compliment any region in the BW23115(::kan) or ER2738 genomes.<br />
<br />
The targeting and non-targeting constructs were transformed into BW23115(::kan) ''E. coli'' chemical transformation and selected for on chloramphenicol.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results05.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 5. Transformation results of neomycin resistant ''E. coli'' with BBa_K1218011 having either A) non-targeting or B) targeting spacer sequence on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.<br />
]]<br />
<br />
The decrease in growth between the non-targeting (1920 colonies) and the targeting (8 colonies) samples is accredited to the difference in spacer sequence. When the spacer sequence compliments the genome, the Cas9 endonuclease is able to bind and cleave the DNA, resulting in cell death. Interestingly, some targeted colonies survived as can be seen in Figure 5B. Sequencing showed that all eight colonies had deleted the spacer region and one or both of the adjacent repeats. None the less, the difference in transformation efficiency demonstrates the potential for CRISPR-Cas systems as antibacterial therapeutics.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Cas9 delivery through phage===<br />
The M13 origin of replication, or M13ori (BBa_K1445000) was cloned upstream of the CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_ K1218011) in the targeting and the non-targeting varieties to allow for their uptake into M13 phage. This composite part was packaged into phage using the M13g6A1 helper phagemid. Conjugated BW23115(::kan, F’) ''E. coli'' were infected with progeny phage and plated onto chloramphenicol.<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results06.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 6. Infection results of M13 phage delivering A) non-targeting and B) targeting varieties of part BBa_K1445001 on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.]]<br />
<br />
The presence of growth in both samples demonstrates that the addition of the M13ori does allow for packaging and delivery by the M13 phage.<br />
The decrease in growth from the non-targeting (143 colonies) to the targeting (11 colonies) is accredited to the differences in spacer sequence. With a spacer sequence that targets within the genome of the cell, the Cas9 endonuclease is able to bind and cleave the DNA, successfully killing the bacterium.<br />
<br />
Unmodified spacer may have off-targeted binding to F’ episome, causing death in phage producing cell, thereby reducing phage yield, or in BW23115(::kan, F’) resulting in fewer colonies than expected.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additional Work and Characterization (BBa_K1445002)===<br />
Part BBa_J04450 and flanking regions to the sequencing primer sites were cloned into the Litmus28i vector to make a biobricked phagemid backbone that can be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
To verify functionality, the vector was packaged into phage using the M13K07 helper phagemid. Progeny phage infected ER2738 ''E. coli'' and cells were selected for on ampicillin.<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results07.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 7. Packaging efficiency of recombinant phagemid to helper phagemid packaging. A) Infected cells diluted 1:1000 and grown on 100 ug/mL Ampicillin to select for BBa_K1445002. B) Infected diluted 1:1000 and grown on 50 ug/mL Kanamycin to select for M13K07 helper phagemid. BBa_K1445002 was packaged over M13K07 at a ratio of 136:1.]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The growth on ampicillin (1496 colonies) shows that the biobricked version of Litmus28i retains its ability to be packaged and delivered by M13 phage. Additionally, the same sample was plated on kanamycin to determine the packaging ratio of phagemid to helper phagemid. As shown in Figure 7B, very little growth was present on kanamycin (11 colonies) confirming that BBa_K1445002 was preferentially packaged over the M13K07 helper phagemid at a ratio of 136:1.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
::1. Gomaa AA, Klumpe HE, Luo ML, Selle K, Barrangou R, Beisel CL. 2014. Programmable removal of bacterial strains by use of genome-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems. mBio 5(1):e00928-13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00928-13.<br />
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{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273http://2014.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/ResultsTeam:CU-Boulder/Results2014-10-17T22:51:42Z<p>Johe2273: </p>
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<br><br />
==Results==<br />
<br />
<br><br />
===Our Final System: CRISPR-Cas9 phage===<br />
<br />
The System is comprised of two parts: the delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery and the targeting of the endonuclease. <br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results01.jpg|700px|thumb|none|Figure 1. Diagram of phage production.]]<br />
<br />
M13 phage were used as the delivery mode in this system. Depicted in Figure 1 is a single bacterium containing a helper phagemid and a CIRSPR-Cas9 phagemid. The phage coat and assembly proteins are expressed from the helper phagemid, who’s packaging signal has been disrupted by the insertion of a selectable marker (kanamycin in M13K07 or ampicillin in M13g6A1, see Figure 2. Due to the disruption of the helper phagemid’s packaging signal, the probability it will be packaged into a phage capsid has been greatly reduced. The CRISPR-Cas phagemid, BBa_K1445001 contains the endogenous CRISPR-Cas9 sequence from ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' and a fully functional packaging signal. M13 phage capsids preferentially package BBa_K1445001 during phage assembly. The resulting phage phage containing the BBa_K1445001 phagemid are isolated and can be used to infect a target population of bactium.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results02.jpg|700px|thumb|none|Figure 2. Diagram of CRISPR-Cas9 sequence targeting.<br />
]]<br />
<br />
Once the CRISPR-Cas9 phagemid enters the cell, the bacterium will express the Cas9 endonuclease and a guide RNA(gRNA). Guide RNAs are composed of a spacer sequence that binds the DNA, and a handle to which the Cas9 endonuclease binds. The Cas9 protein and the gRNA come together to search DNA within the cell for PAM sites (Protospacer Adjacent Motifs, shown here is orange). The Cas9 will bind to the PAM site allowing the gRNA to anneal to the target sequence (shown here in green). If binding is successful, the Cas9 endonuclease cleaves the DNA resulting in a double stranded break. If the cell is unable to repair the damage itself or does so incorrectly, the cell will die¹.<br />
<br />
<br />
===New BioBricked Parts===<br />
<ol><br />
<li>BBa_K1445000: The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) is a noncoding sequence that when cloned onto a plasmid, facilitates the uptake of that plasmid into an M13 phage capsid.<br />
<li>BBa_K1445001: M13ori (BBa_K1445000) cloned onto a CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_K1218011). The CRISPR-Cas9 part codes for a Cas9 endonuclease that is guided to a DNA sequence specified by a spacer located within the minimal CRISPR array. Inclusion of the M13ori allows for its uptake into M13 phage.<br />
<li>BBa_K1445002: BioBricked phagemid vector allows for the easy cloning of BioBrick parts into a backbone that can be packaged into a phage without the addition of the M13ori to the insert region.<br />
<li>Additionally, the genes for M13 phage coat proteins were BioBricked and cloned onto a pSB6A1 vector. This allows the phage producing genes to be cloned onto vectors with a different resistance marker if the resistance interferes with the marker on the phagemid. This part was not submitted to the registry.<br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phage delivery system (M13ori)===<br />
The M13 origin of replication (M13ori) has been documented as the packaging signal for the M13 phage. When single stranded, the M13ori forms unique hairpins that signal packaging into a phage capsid. To verify its functionality, its packaging efficiency was compared to that of amilCP. The amilCP sequence is roughly equal in length to the M13ori and both parts were cloned onto the pSB1C3 backbone; therefore, the nucleotide sequence is the only distinguishing factor. The helper phagemid M13K07 made phage in host cells containing pSB1C3-M13ori or pSB1C3-amilCP phagemids. ER2738 ''E. coli'' were infected by phage from the M13ori or amilCP sample to assess the respective packaging efficiencies.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results03.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 3. Conjugated BW23115 ''E. coli'' infected with recombinant phage A) pSB1C3-M13ori or B) pSB1C3-amilCP phagemids on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.]]<br />
<br />
The growth in the M13ori sample demonstrates that this phagemid was packaged and delivered by the M13 phage. The absence of growth in the amilCP sample proves that without the presence of a packaging signal, a plasmid cannot be taken up by a phage capsid. These results show that the M13ori is necessary and sufficient for phagemid packaging.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Making phage with M13g6A1===<br />
In the phage delivery experiment, M13K07 was used as the helper phagemid. This part contains a kanamycin resistance gene, which is similar to the neomycin phosphotransferase gene being targeted by CRISPR-Cas in this experiment. A new resistance marker was needed to be able to screen future phage production. The genes that code for the phage coat proteins were amplified from M13K07 and cloned into the pSB6A1 vector. Phage amplification, using M13g6A1 as the helper phagemid (and no additional phagemid), produced M13 phage packaging M13g6A1. ER2738 cells were infected with the isolated phage and were plated onto ampicillin to verify the viability of phage produced by this helper phagemid.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results04.jpg|300px|thumb|none|Figure 4. ER2738 cells infected with M13g6A1 helper phagemid grown on LB with 100ug/mL ampicillin.]]<br />
<br />
The presence of colonies in Figure 2 confirm that M13g6A1 is capable of producing viable phage.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Program to design a Spacer Sequence===<br />
For the following Cas9 experiments, a spacer sequence was designed to target the neomycin phosphotransferase gene present in the targeting strain.<br />
This program inputs FASTA files in two sets. In one are the sequences that should be targeted for Cas9 binding while the other set consists of sequences that should not be targeted. It then searches for possible targeting sites that are present in the targeting sequences and absent from the sequences that should not be targeted. The best spacer sequences are then presented to the user.<br />
<br />
For this project, the sequence for the neomycin phosphotransferase gene was given to the program as the targeting sequence. The ''E. coli'' strains K-12, BL21 and MG1655 genomes were given to the program as sequences to avoid targeting.<br />
One of the output spacers was chosen for use in the following CRISPR-Cas9 experiments.<br />
<br />
===Targeted killing of BW23115 through Transformation (characterization of BBa_K1218011)===<br />
The spacer designed to target the neomycin phosphotransferase gene was cloned into the CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_K1218011). The unmodified spacer was used as a non-targeting control since it does not compliment any region in the BW23115(::kan) or ER2738 genomes.<br />
<br />
The targeting and non-targeting constructs were transformed into BW23115(::kan) ''E. coli'' chemical transformation and selected for on chloramphenicol.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results05.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 5. Transformation results of neomycin resistant ''E. coli'' with BBa_K1218011 having either A) non-targeting or B) targeting spacer sequence on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.<br />
]]<br />
<br />
The decrease in growth between the non-targeting (1920 colonies) and the targeting (8 colonies) samples is accredited to the difference in spacer sequence. When the spacer sequence compliments the genome, the Cas9 endonuclease is able to bind and cleave the DNA, resulting in cell death. Interestingly, some targeted colonies survived as can be seen in Figure 5B. Sequencing showed that all eight colonies had deleted the spacer region and one or both of the adjacent repeats. None the less, the difference in transformation efficiency demonstrates the potential for CRISPR-Cas systems as antibacterial therapeutics.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Cas9 delivery through phage===<br />
The M13 origin of replication, or M13ori (BBa_K1445000) was cloned upstream of the CRISPR-Cas9 construct (BBa_ K1218011) in the targeting and the non-targeting varieties to allow for their uptake into M13 phage. This composite part was packaged into phage using the M13g6A1 helper phagemid. Conjugated BW23115(::kan, F’) ''E. coli'' were infected with progeny phage and plated onto chloramphenicol.<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results06.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 6. Infection results of M13 phage delivering A) non-targeting and B) targeting varieties of part BBa_K1445001 on LB agar with 170 ug/mL chloramphenicol.]]<br />
<br />
The presence of growth in both samples demonstrates that the addition of the M13ori does allow for packaging and delivery by the M13 phage.<br />
The decrease in growth from the non-targeting (143 colonies) to the targeting (11 colonies) is accredited to the differences in spacer sequence. With a spacer sequence that targets within the genome of the cell, the Cas9 endonuclease is able to bind and cleave the DNA, successfully killing the bacterium.<br />
<br />
Unmodified spacer may have off-targeted binding to F’ episome, causing death in phage producing cell, thereby reducing phage yield, or in BW23115(::kan, F’) resulting in fewer colonies than expected.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additional Work and Characterization (BBa_K1445002)===<br />
Part BBa_J04450 and flanking regions to the sequencing primer sites were cloned into the Litmus28i vector to make a biobricked phagemid backbone that can be packaged into M13 phage.<br />
To verify functionality, the vector was packaged into phage using the M13K07 helper phagemid. Progeny phage infected ER2738 ''E. coli'' and cells were selected for on ampicillin.<br />
<br />
[[File:UCB-Results07.jpg|600px|thumb|none|Figure 7. Packaging efficiency of recombinant phagemid to helper phagemid packaging. A) Infected cells diluted 1:1000 and grown on 100 ug/mL Ampicillin to select for BBa_K1445002. B) Infected diluted 1:1000 and grown on 50 ug/mL Kanamycin to select for M13K07 helper phagemid. BBa_K1445002 was packaged over M13K07 at a ratio of 136:1.]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The growth on ampicillin (1496 colonies) shows that the biobricked version of Litmus28i retains its ability to be packaged and delivered by M13 phage. Additionally, the same sample was plated on kanamycin to determine the packaging ratio of phagemid to helper phagemid. As shown in Figure 7B, very little growth was present on kanamycin (11 colonies) confirming that BBa_K1445002 was preferentially packaged over the M13K07 helper phagemid at a ratio of 136:1.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
::1. Gomaa AA, Klumpe HE, Luo ML, Selle K, Barrangou R, Beisel CL. 2014. Programmable removal of bacterial strains by use of genome-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems. mBio 5(1):e00928-13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00928-13.<br />
<br><br />
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{{Template:UCB-Footer}}</div>Johe2273