Team:NCTU Formosa/Test

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===Overview===
 
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====Impact of pest====
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===團隊交流===
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<p>In agriculture, insect problems have existed for a long time, and have been difficult to be solved, all agricultural products on earth every year are suffered from harm and damage caused by these insects，which is bulky and difficult to estimate. </p>
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<p>Losses caused by pests on crops include direct damage, drug costs and the experimental costs, The loss which is most difficult to estimate is the consumption of medical resources on human health hazards caused by pesticides.</p>
 
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<p>We can see this credible chart, insect damage recorded in Brazil region, pests generally reduce crop yields by 10 percent, which is each crop have reduced the value of hundreds of millions.  
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<div id="more1">111</div><div class="doo1">222</div>
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Our goal is committed to reducing agricultural losses, safeguarding human health, and maintain ecological balance.
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<p>[[File:NCTU_Formosa_2014_HP_1.jpg|300px|thumb|right]]</p>
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{{:Team:NCTU Formosa/source/introo}}
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We invited Mingdao High school iGEM team to exchange ideas with us. We also held a pizza party to enhance more fun in this event.
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[[File:NCTU_Formosa_2014_HP_2.jpg|300px|thumb|right]]
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We asked Mingdao high school to give a brief introduction to their project－Odor Let It Die. It’s really an interesting and creative idea. Although they are just high school students, their English presenters clearly explained what problems they want to solve. In the discussion section, we gave them several feedback and suggestions to perfect their project.
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[[File:NCTU_Formosa_2014_HP_3.jpg|300px|thumb|right]]
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[[File:NCTUformosa2014overview.jpg|center|600px|Figure 1.This chart demonstrates the losses of various crops caused by harmful insects.]]
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As for our presenting section, we successfully caught their eyes with our creative project－Operation Debug, which is to attract pests in the farm with PBAN.  
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<div></div>
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After our amazing presentation, we believed they not only learned more knowledge about synthetic biology but also impressed by the future development potential of this field.  
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[[File:NCTU_Formosa_2014_HP_4.jpg|300px|thumb|right]]
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Because some high school students are pretty curious about our laboratory, so we guided them to pay a visit to lab at the end of this event. We introduce the equipment we usually use in the process of DNA synthesis.
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====Video conferencing with Xiamen University ====
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====Pesticide hazards====
 
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<p>
 
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Because of the hazard of insects, human beings to make a lot of ideas to kill these harmful insects. In 15th century,people used heavy metals to kill  harmful insects,such as Arsenic,Mercury and Plumbum, which caused a catastrophe to the environment.</p><p>Pesticide becomes more powerful along with the technology, in 20th century,the agriculture develops rapidly just because of the evolution of pesticide. But the pesticide is not only harmful to the insects but also harmful to the human beings. People found this problem after several decades. The toxin of the pesticide will be kept in creatures by the food chain,and finally go into human's body.</p>
 
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However, it's not too late to improve this situation. We can create an evolution of agriculture by a new method,and it is what we do!
 
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====Solution to both questions====
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<p></p>
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We had a video conferencing with the iGEM team of Xiamen University, China, in May. As both teams just started their own research projects at that time, the main topics of this video conferencing only consisted of a brief description or introduction of the protocols for each other’s project, how the research team was established and organized. According to this short conferencing, we knew the Xiamen team mainly consists of sophomores or juniors, whereas they were surprised to learn that almost 90% of our team members are freshmen.
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It needs pesticides to eliminate the pests, but the use of pesticides will hurt environments and cause harm to humans. Thus there have been conflicting issues, and have been difficult to be solved.
 
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In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, we came up with a practical, inexpensive way.
 
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[[File:NCTU_Formosa_2014_project_4.jpg|400px|thumb|center|Figure 2， This is a diagram of our device, we will mention how this device can bring better results for our plan and how we improve it's efficiency later.]]
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<p id="para1">Me too!</p>
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<p>And me!</p>
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======Reference======
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===PBAN(Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide)===
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====Introduction====
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===戶外考察===
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<p>PBAN(Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide) is one kind of peptide that can activate biosynthesis of pheromones of many kinds of insects. Once a PBAN binds with the G-protein coupled receptor on an insect’s pheromone gland, biosynthesis would be activated and pheromones will be synthesized and emitted. </p>
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[[File:PBAN_mechanism-1.jpg|400px|thumb|center| Working mechanism of PBAN ]]
 
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====Features of PBAN====  
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====Dinning Together in Feng Wu====
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<p>1. PBAN is species-specific just like pheromones, that means every kinds of insects which can produce pheromone have it's specific PBAN，which can only bind with it's specific receptor and only stimulate the biosynthesis of a specific pheromone. </p>
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'''Experience Sharing of Capturing Bloodsucking Flies in the farm：'''<br>
 +
　Dr. Tzeng told us the livestock farmers used to borrow the Insect light trap from them to capture the Bloodsucking Flies. To our surprise, he said the light trap can capture thousands of insects at just one night. Aditionally, they also had some cooperation program with livestock farmers. At that time, they used many different interesting approaches, like colors & light to test the behavior of Bloodsucking Flies. This experience sharing made us learn some basic methods of testing insects’ behavior.
 +
<p></p>
 +
'''The Art of Insect Rearing for Them：'''<br>
 +
　Dr. Tzeng told us insect rearing is not only a branch of knowledge, but a kind of art. For example, when malaria was a pandemic disease all over the world, some related research had difficulty in obvious progression, because Anopheles gambiae had not been reared successfully at that time. However, since a researcher from United Kingdom had success in rearing Anopheles gambiae in lab, the malaria disease had been completely researched, and the health life of human had been improved. This concept raised a great inspiration for how to do the research of our project.
 +
<p></p>
 +
'''Suggestion of Our Harmful Insects--Bactrocera dorsalis：'''<br>
 +
　Dr. Tzeng told us the bactrocera dorsalis is a serious problem for Taiwanese agriculture, which causes 17 billions dollors of loss every year. Our government had used many methods ( like：air drop many non-fertility bactrocera dorsalis to the farm ), trying to solve this problem, but finally failed. Dr. Tzeng suggested Bactrocera dorsalis as the target harmful insect of our project to solve the main problem of Taiwanese agricultural insects damage.
 +
<p></p>
 +
'''Discussion about Ecological Equilibrium Problem of Our Project：'''<br>
 +
　As for the ecological equilibrium problem of our project, Dr. Tzeng thought foundamentally we human farm in the area, having caused harm to nature. If you persist in the ecological equilibrium problem, then you have to ask yourself why you do farming and cause harm to the environment？Dr. Tzeng gave us a special view point, highlighting in the beginning, we human who do farming to survive have caused harm to the environment, so we shouldn’t inspect the ecological equilibrium problem of capturing insects.
 +
<p></p>
 +
'''Experience Sharing of Dengue Fever Prevention and Control：'''<br>
 +
　Dr. Tzeng shared the interesting experience of his presentation about Dengue Fever Prevention and Control at many town offices and also introduced there are two kinds of dengue fever vector mosquito, one is Aedes albopictus outdoors and the other is aedes aegypti indoors. We not only learned simple knowledge of dengue fever but also realized the feeling of helping people with professional knowledge.
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<p>2. The coding sequence for a PBAN is usually around 100 basepairs. Thus, it is easy for E.coli to express. We can even combine several different PBAN sequences into one BioBrick assembly.  (Check this out at our BioBrick page)</p>
 
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====PBAN in nature====
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====Visitation of their Department Building====
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In nature, female insects such as moths release PBAN during mating to stimulate the synthesis of pheromones in order to attract their male counterparts. PBAN can also facilitate the release of non-sex pheromones such as trail pheromones for ants.
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====How are we going to use PBAN?====
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In our project, we will biologically synthesize PBAN with our E.coli. We store the PBAN inside a trapping device (check this out at our Device page). In the device, there will be appropriate lighting and nutrient sources that will attract insects.
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<p> Once an insect is attracted into our device and ingests the nutrient sources we provide, it will also inevitably come in contact with our PBAN, which is evenly mixed with the nutrient sources. As the PBAN works its magic and activates the pheromone synthesis of the attracted insect, more of this species of insect’s counterparts will be attracted and later captured. </p>
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</table>
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'''Explanation of the Real Function of Mosquito PBAN：'''<br>
 +
　In fact, the mosquito PBAN is activated during spreading wings when the mosquito emerges from its pupa. Initially, the mosquito wings are all living cells and when its PBAN regulates some hormones to make some cells apoptosis, just leaving few cells alive on its bone of wings, it finally forms transparent wings. This explanation about mosquito PBAN gave us a deeper realization about PBAN.
 +
<p></p>
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[[File:PBAN_mechanism-3.jpg|450px|thumb|center|]]
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'''Take a Look at Their Mosquito Breeding Cage and Insect Light Trap ：'''<br>
 +
　Dr. Tzeng let us take a look at Culex pipiens molestus (the underground house mosquito) breeding cage, and also introduced the behavior of many kinds of mosquito. This mosquito breeding cage inspired us many new ideas about our insects testing box. In fact, we mimicked the same concept of mosquito breeding cage to test our PBAN effect simply.
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<p></p>
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======Reference======
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<td align=center>[[File:NCTU_Formosa_2014_HP_7.jpg|300px|thumb|center]]</td>
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<div class="ref">
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<li>part BBa_I15008;MIT Registry of Standard Biological Parts</li>
+
-
<li>part BBa_I15009;MIT Registry of Standard Biological Parts</li>
+
-
<li>Miriam Altstein， Role of neuropeptides in sex pheromone production in moths,Peptides 25 (2004) 1491–1501.</li>
+
-
<li>Ada Rafaeli, Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN): Regulatory role and mode of action, General and Comparative Endocrinology 162 (2009) 69–78</li>
+
-
<li>Ronald J. Nachmana, Peter E.A. Teal, Allison Strey, Enhanced oral availability/pheromonotropic activity of peptidase-resistant topical amphiphilic analogs of pyrokinin/PBAN insect neuropeptides, Peptides 23 (2002) 2035–2043</li>
+
-
<li>Russell Jurenka1 and Ada Rafaeli, Regulatory role of PBAN in sex pheromone biosynthesis of heliothine moths, frontiers in ENDOCRINOLOGY, published: 10 October 2011 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00046</li>
+
-
<li>Dr. Ashok K. Raina andJulius J. Menn, Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide: From discovery to current status, Issue Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Article first published online: 7 FEB 2005 DOI: 10.1002/arch.940220112</li>
+
-
<li>Man-Yeon Choi and Robert K. Vander Meer, Ant Trail Pheromone Biosynthesis Is Triggered by a Neuropeptide Hormone, PLoS Onev.7(11); 2012PMC3511524</li>
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===Biobrick Design===
 
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[[File:NCTU Formoas 2014 project 2.png|400px|thumb|center|Figure.1]]
 
<p></p>
<p></p>
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[[File:NCTU Formoas 2014 project 3.jpg|400px|thumb|center|Figure.2]]
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'''Further Discussion about our project：''' <br>
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[[File:NCTU_Formosa_2014_HP_10.jpg|300px|thumb|center]]
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　Dr. Tzeng have enthusiasm on discussing our project. To prevent any problem from happening, Dr. Tzeng and we inspected all the probability which may cause our project failed like PBAN degeadation in insects’ intestine ( whether we have to use little thuricide to cause some holes on insects’ intestine to make it absorb our PBAN easily ) and the restriction of our project ( we have to capture the first “female” insect in our device, and actually our project work. ). In the discussing process, we inspected many problems again, and also get many suggestion from Dr. Tzeng. We hoped we can overcome all the problems, and improve our project.
 +
<p></p>
 +
'''Advantages Discussion of Our Device：'''<br>
 +
　Referring to our project, we use PBAN to make the harmful insects produce pheromone for us to help us attract many same kinds of insects. Dr. Tzeng was very interested in our project, and thought compared to the common use (Pheromone Trap & Pesticide ) in the market, our main idea have no dug resistance problem ( PBAN is insects’ physiologically natural substance ) and have no worry about the problem of running off our PBAN ( PBAN can be mass produced from our E.coli. ). It is a very user-friendly、eco-friendly and perfect project.
<p></p>
<p></p>
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We searched the DNA sequences of the PBANs from many kinds of moths on NCBI, then contrasted to the amino sequences from papers so that we can selected the DNA fragments which directly correspond to gland-stimulating function, By ligating the Ribosome binding site(B0034) and PBAN DNA sequence, we were able to make E.coli directly produce these PBANs instead of the original complex process of PBAN biosynthesis in insects. We had gotten nine kinds of PBANs, each of which is from one kind of moth
+
　In briefly conclusion, our team and Dr. Tzeng had deep discussion in this visitation. Not only experience sharing but also project inspection made us learn much and got many new ideas which let us realize how to make use of our project to achieve the best effect.
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,after we constructed the PBAN biobricks, the B0034+BFP+J61048 biobrick was ligated behind the PBAN biobrick in order to make modeling each PBAN biobrick respectively more easy in the future and observing the production of PBANs more convenient for us.
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===Futurework===
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<p></p>
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======Reference======
 
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<div class="ref">
 
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<ol start="9">
 
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<li>Torsten Waldminghaus, Nadja Heidrich, Sabine Brantl and Franz Narberhaus .(2007). FourU: a novel type of RNA thermometer in Salmonella . Molecular Microbiology , 65(2): 413–424 DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05794.x</li>
 
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<li>part BBa_K115002;TUDelft Registry of Standard Biological Parts</li>
 
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===Surveys===
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===Device===
 
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====Introduction====
 
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  In the libaray,We read something about introduction of Pyramid in order to figure out how to design our divice.We then came out with the adventages of this structure.With unique extereior and the grave of Pharaohs,We thought that the idea of Pyramid match with our device perfactly.The Pests are killed in our trap just like Pharaons buried in Pyramid.
 
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====Mechanism====
 
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  First ,We divide our design chart into two parts－exterior and interior. The exterior is just like the appearance of Pyramid ,and the interior is used to equip PBANs and bag for pests. When the harmful insects eat our biobrick, they will release pheromone ,and attract the same species. We first use blue light and the smell of pheromone to attract insect. After they go into our device ,we will take advantages of their characteristic that insects always fly high to escape. And then ,they will be stuck in our device. When we take away the outer shield ,the hock on the outer shield will close the bag ,and the insects will be caught. In addition ,the four tenons at the corner can firm up our device.
 
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  To get more professional suggestions, we go to the National Chung Hsing university,and visit the professor Hau You Tzeng who major in mosquito. This tour benefit us very much. We get some knowledge about how you to design breeding cage. With this experience, we finally design  our own breeding cage.
 
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====Design====
 
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  For the materials of our device ,We use Acrylic Sheet or balsa.The fomer is transparent and safer than glass. The latter is cheap ,light ,and easy to cut.
 
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  For the process ,We google some informations of our factories ,and use Colddraw to hand out the design chart. We also go everywhere to buy what we need for our device. For example,the tool for cutting wood and LED light were just named a few.
 
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======Reference======
 
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<div class="ref">
 
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<ol start="11">
 
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<li>Xu, S.; Montgomery, M.; Kostas, S.; Driver, S.; Mello, C. (1998). "Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature 391 (6669): 806–811 DOI:10.1038/35888</li>
 
-
<li>Jörg Vogel , Ben F. Luisi.(2011). Hfq and its constellation of RNA. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 9:578-589</li>
 
-
<li>E.K. Jocelyn, S.G. Elliott , T.K. Stephen, "Lewin's Genes X.-10th ed.", Jones & Bartlett, Sudbury, MA, 2011.</li>
 
-
<li>Karen M. Wassarman.(2002). "Small RNAs in Bacteria: Diverse Regulators of Gene Expression in Response to Environmental Changes". Cell, 109:141–144</li>
 
-
<li>Hongmarn Park, Geunu Bak, Sun Chang Kim & Younghoon Lee.(2013). "Exploring sRNA-mediated gene silencing mechanisms using artificial small RNAs derived from a natural RNA scaffold in ''Escherichia coli'' ". Nucleic Acids Research,Vol. 41, No. 6, 3787-3804 DOI:10.1093</li>
 
-
<li>Vandana Sharma, Asami Yamamura & Yohei Yokobayashi.(2011). "Engineering Artificial Small RNAs for Conditional Gene Silencing in E. coli". ACS Synthetic Biology</li>
 
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     <p>Cover image credit: <a href="http://www.dvq.co.nz/" target="_blank">DVQ</a></p>
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Latest revision as of 15:05, 17 October 2014

Human Practice

Change the font size right here

Contents

團隊交流

This is an animated dialog which is useful for displaying information. The dialog window can be moved, resized and closed with the 'x' icon.

Open Dialog


111
222

This is an animated dialog which is useful for displaying information. The dialog window can be moved, resized and closed with the 'x' icon.

Open Dialog

NCTU Formosa 2014 HP 1.jpg

We invited Mingdao High school iGEM team to exchange ideas with us. We also held a pizza party to enhance more fun in this event.

NCTU Formosa 2014 HP 2.jpg

We asked Mingdao high school to give a brief introduction to their project－Odor Let It Die. It’s really an interesting and creative idea. Although they are just high school students, their English presenters clearly explained what problems they want to solve. In the discussion section, we gave them several feedback and suggestions to perfect their project.

NCTU Formosa 2014 HP 3.jpg

As for our presenting section, we successfully caught their eyes with our creative project－Operation Debug, which is to attract pests in the farm with PBAN. After our amazing presentation, we believed they not only learned more knowledge about synthetic biology but also impressed by the future development potential of this field.

NCTU Formosa 2014 HP 4.jpg

Because some high school students are pretty curious about our laboratory, so we guided them to pay a visit to lab at the end of this event. We introduce the equipment we usually use in the process of DNA synthesis.

Video conferencing with Xiamen University

We had a video conferencing with the iGEM team of Xiamen University, China, in May. As both teams just started their own research projects at that time, the main topics of this video conferencing only consisted of a brief description or introduction of the protocols for each other’s project, how the research team was established and organized. According to this short conferencing, we knew the Xiamen team mainly consists of sophomores or juniors, whereas they were surprised to learn that almost 90% of our team members are freshmen.


Every paragraph will be affected by the style.

Me too!

And me!

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戶外考察

Dinning Together in Feng Wu

Experience Sharing of Capturing Bloodsucking Flies in the farm：
　Dr. Tzeng told us the livestock farmers used to borrow the Insect light trap from them to capture the Bloodsucking Flies. To our surprise, he said the light trap can capture thousands of insects at just one night. Aditionally, they also had some cooperation program with livestock farmers. At that time, they used many different interesting approaches, like colors & light to test the behavior of Bloodsucking Flies. This experience sharing made us learn some basic methods of testing insects’ behavior.

The Art of Insect Rearing for Them：
　Dr. Tzeng told us insect rearing is not only a branch of knowledge, but a kind of art. For example, when malaria was a pandemic disease all over the world, some related research had difficulty in obvious progression, because Anopheles gambiae had not been reared successfully at that time. However, since a researcher from United Kingdom had success in rearing Anopheles gambiae in lab, the malaria disease had been completely researched, and the health life of human had been improved. This concept raised a great inspiration for how to do the research of our project.

Suggestion of Our Harmful Insects--Bactrocera dorsalis：
　Dr. Tzeng told us the bactrocera dorsalis is a serious problem for Taiwanese agriculture, which causes 17 billions dollors of loss every year. Our government had used many methods ( like：air drop many non-fertility bactrocera dorsalis to the farm ), trying to solve this problem, but finally failed. Dr. Tzeng suggested Bactrocera dorsalis as the target harmful insect of our project to solve the main problem of Taiwanese agricultural insects damage.

Discussion about Ecological Equilibrium Problem of Our Project：
　As for the ecological equilibrium problem of our project, Dr. Tzeng thought foundamentally we human farm in the area, having caused harm to nature. If you persist in the ecological equilibrium problem, then you have to ask yourself why you do farming and cause harm to the environment？Dr. Tzeng gave us a special view point, highlighting in the beginning, we human who do farming to survive have caused harm to the environment, so we shouldn’t inspect the ecological equilibrium problem of capturing insects.

Experience Sharing of Dengue Fever Prevention and Control：
　Dr. Tzeng shared the interesting experience of his presentation about Dengue Fever Prevention and Control at many town offices and also introduced there are two kinds of dengue fever vector mosquito, one is Aedes albopictus outdoors and the other is aedes aegypti indoors. We not only learned simple knowledge of dengue fever but also realized the feeling of helping people with professional knowledge.


Visitation of their Department Building

　　　　　　　　
NCTU Formosa 2014 HP 5.jpg
NCTU Formosa 2014 HP 6.jpg

Explanation of the Real Function of Mosquito PBAN：
　In fact, the mosquito PBAN is activated during spreading wings when the mosquito emerges from its pupa. Initially, the mosquito wings are all living cells and when its PBAN regulates some hormones to make some cells apoptosis, just leaving few cells alive on its bone of wings, it finally forms transparent wings. This explanation about mosquito PBAN gave us a deeper realization about PBAN.

Take a Look at Their Mosquito Breeding Cage and Insect Light Trap ：
　Dr. Tzeng let us take a look at Culex pipiens molestus (the underground house mosquito) breeding cage, and also introduced the behavior of many kinds of mosquito. This mosquito breeding cage inspired us many new ideas about our insects testing box. In fact, we mimicked the same concept of mosquito breeding cage to test our PBAN effect simply.

　　
NCTU Formosa 2014 HP 7.jpg
NCTU Formosa 2014 HP 8.jpg

Further Discussion about our project：

NCTU Formosa 2014 HP 10.jpg

　Dr. Tzeng have enthusiasm on discussing our project. To prevent any problem from happening, Dr. Tzeng and we inspected all the probability which may cause our project failed like PBAN degeadation in insects’ intestine ( whether we have to use little thuricide to cause some holes on insects’ intestine to make it absorb our PBAN easily ) and the restriction of our project ( we have to capture the first “female” insect in our device, and actually our project work. ). In the discussing process, we inspected many problems again, and also get many suggestion from Dr. Tzeng. We hoped we can overcome all the problems, and improve our project.

Advantages Discussion of Our Device：
　Referring to our project, we use PBAN to make the harmful insects produce pheromone for us to help us attract many same kinds of insects. Dr. Tzeng was very interested in our project, and thought compared to the common use (Pheromone Trap & Pesticide ) in the market, our main idea have no dug resistance problem ( PBAN is insects’ physiologically natural substance ) and have no worry about the problem of running off our PBAN ( PBAN can be mass produced from our E.coli. ). It is a very user-friendly、eco-friendly and perfect project.

　In briefly conclusion, our team and Dr. Tzeng had deep discussion in this visitation. Not only experience sharing but also project inspection made us learn much and got many new ideas which let us realize how to make use of our project to achieve the best effect.



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